Calculator spelling
Encyclopedia
Calculator spelling is a technique of spelling words by reading character
s upside-down from calculator
s equipped with certain kinds of seven-segment display
s. It is a form of transformation of text
.
of the seven-segment display is that many numbers, when read upside-down, resemble letters of the Latin alphabet
. Each digit can be mapped to a unique letter, creating a limited but functional subset
of the alphabet, sometimes called the beghilos alphabet.
The graphic below illustrates with the sequence "250714638" appearing inverted as "BEghILOSZ":
Certain calculators omit the topmost stem on the digit "6" and the bottom-most stem on the "9". In such cases, "6" renders a lowercase "q" when turned upside-down, and "9" appears as a lowercase "b".
Other variants of calculator spelling alphabets consider "0" to be a capital "D" instead of "O", "6" (not used in the standard Beghilos) as a lowercase "g" (as opposed to uppercase represented by 9) and "9" as either a reversed lowercase "a" or an at sign
(@), both of which represent the letter A.
Extending the available alphabet to hexadecimal
notation (generally available on lower-end scientific calculator
s, though not on basic models), "b" and "d" correspond to "q" and "p" respectively. "F" transforms to either a "j" with a strike-through or a recognizable but reversed "t." A, C, and E do not transform readily to recognizable letters. C transforms to a reversed C, which is recognizable and distinct enough to the point where it can be used as C itself. E transforms to 3, which has little use, though it can be used on an ad hoc
basis as a sideways M or W. Upside-down A
has no recognizable correspondence to any standard Latin letter.
Using leet
, additional letters can be represented by combinations of letters (11/II or 2 ["Z" being very rare in English] representing "two" or "to", 111/III representing "three", 15/SI, 935/SEa or 335/SEE for "C", etc.). This is generally rare and, especially in the last case (using a spelling-out of a letter) severely limits readability.
Only certain calculators are capable of being used for beghilos calculator spelling. LCD, VFD
, LED
, and Panaplex displays are best for spelling words. The ability of dot-matrix display
s, fourteen-segment
and sixteen-segment displays to render most characters defeats the purpose of spelling with a limited alphabet.
If the calculator is instead rotated 90 degrees counterclockwise from upright to create a vertical display, a different, but less useful, set of letters can be reproduced:
s in the 1990s gave rise to a form of leetspeak called pagerspeak. Student
s, in particular, experimented with calculators to discover new words.
slang
applications include the sequence 3722145 which spells "ShIZZLE". On certain 12 digit calculators the number 5304511351 spells "I SEll ShOES."
s that feature hexadecimal
readout using the letters A through F offer more flexibility. Using a scientific calculator with hex capability, the earlier 'boobies' example can be improved with the A–F keys to spell "B00B1E5", without needing to rotate the display (a practice known as hexspeak
).
Students often use this capability and the improved "alpha" feature that use the letters "A" through "Z" to write messages, separating words by using the minus sign ("-") or other punctuation. In the "B00B1E5" example above, for instance, a factorial
product sign ("!") can be added to create "B00B1E5!" Most of these calculators do not use seven-segment displays, instead using dot matrix displays for greater versatility.
Also the word google.com can be spelled with the following combination of (%)0).376006
with limited output ability. A programmer creates a wider set of letters, which does not require a reader to turn the device upside-down.
Character (computing)
In computer and machine-based telecommunications terminology, a character is a unit of information that roughly corresponds to a grapheme, grapheme-like unit, or symbol, such as in an alphabet or syllabary in the written form of a natural language....
s upside-down from calculator
Calculator
An electronic calculator is a small, portable, usually inexpensive electronic device used to perform the basic operations of arithmetic. Modern calculators are more portable than most computers, though most PDAs are comparable in size to handheld calculators.The first solid-state electronic...
s equipped with certain kinds of seven-segment display
Seven-segment display
A seven-segment display , or seven-segment indicator, is a form of electronic display device for displaying decimal numerals that is an alternative to the more complex dot-matrix displays...
s. It is a form of transformation of text
Transformation of text
Transformation of text is strategies to perform geometric transformations on text , particularly in systems that do not natively support transformation, such as HTML, seven-segment displays and plain text.-Implementation:...
.
Description
An unintended characteristicUnintended Consequences
Unintended Consequences is a novel by John Ross, first published in 1996 by Accurate Press. The story chronicles the history of the gun culture, gun rights and gun control in the United States from the early 1900s through the late 1990s...
of the seven-segment display is that many numbers, when read upside-down, resemble letters of the Latin alphabet
Latin alphabet
The Latin alphabet, also called the Roman alphabet, is the most recognized alphabet used in the world today. It evolved from a western variety of the Greek alphabet called the Cumaean alphabet, which was adopted and modified by the Etruscans who ruled early Rome...
. Each digit can be mapped to a unique letter, creating a limited but functional subset
Subset
In mathematics, especially in set theory, a set A is a subset of a set B if A is "contained" inside B. A and B may coincide. The relationship of one set being a subset of another is called inclusion or sometimes containment...
of the alphabet, sometimes called the beghilos alphabet.
| Digit: | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
| Letter: | O | l | Z | E | h | S | g | L | B | G |
The graphic below illustrates with the sequence "250714638" appearing inverted as "BEghILOSZ":
Certain calculators omit the topmost stem on the digit "6" and the bottom-most stem on the "9". In such cases, "6" renders a lowercase "q" when turned upside-down, and "9" appears as a lowercase "b".
Other variants of calculator spelling alphabets consider "0" to be a capital "D" instead of "O", "6" (not used in the standard Beghilos) as a lowercase "g" (as opposed to uppercase represented by 9) and "9" as either a reversed lowercase "a" or an at sign
At sign
The at sign , also called the ampersat, apetail, arroba, atmark, at symbol, commercial at or monkey tail, is formally an abbreviation of the accounting and commercial invoice term "at the rate of"...
(@), both of which represent the letter A.
Extending the available alphabet to hexadecimal
Hexadecimal
In mathematics and computer science, hexadecimal is a positional numeral system with a radix, or base, of 16. It uses sixteen distinct symbols, most often the symbols 0–9 to represent values zero to nine, and A, B, C, D, E, F to represent values ten to fifteen...
notation (generally available on lower-end scientific calculator
Scientific calculator
A scientific calculator is a type of electronic calculator, usually but not always handheld, designed to calculate problems in science, engineering, and mathematics...
s, though not on basic models), "b" and "d" correspond to "q" and "p" respectively. "F" transforms to either a "j" with a strike-through or a recognizable but reversed "t." A, C, and E do not transform readily to recognizable letters. C transforms to a reversed C, which is recognizable and distinct enough to the point where it can be used as C itself. E transforms to 3, which has little use, though it can be used on an ad hoc
Ad hoc
Ad hoc is a Latin phrase meaning "for this". It generally signifies a solution designed for a specific problem or task, non-generalizable, and not intended to be able to be adapted to other purposes. Compare A priori....
basis as a sideways M or W. Upside-down A
Turned a
Turned A is a letter of the Latin alphabet based upon the letter A. It is not, nor has it ever been, used in any natural languages as a letter in its own right....
has no recognizable correspondence to any standard Latin letter.
Using leet
Leet
Leet , also known as eleet or leetspeak, is an alternative alphabet for the English language that is used primarily on the Internet. It uses various combinations of ASCII characters to replace Latinate letters...
, additional letters can be represented by combinations of letters (11/II or 2 ["Z" being very rare in English] representing "two" or "to", 111/III representing "three", 15/SI, 935/SEa or 335/SEE for "C", etc.). This is generally rare and, especially in the last case (using a spelling-out of a letter) severely limits readability.
Only certain calculators are capable of being used for beghilos calculator spelling. LCD, VFD
Vacuum fluorescent display
A vacuum fluorescent display is a display device used commonly on consumer-electronics equipment such as video cassette recorders, car radios, and microwave ovens. Invented in Japan in 1967, the displays became common on calculators and other consumer electronics devices...
, LED
LEd
LEd is a TeX/LaTeX editing software working under Microsoft Windows. It is a freeware product....
, and Panaplex displays are best for spelling words. The ability of dot-matrix display
Display device
A display device is an output device for presentation of information in visual or tactile form...
s, fourteen-segment
Fourteen-segment display
A fourteen-segment display is a type of display based on 14 segments that can be turned on or off to produce letters and numerals. It is an expansion of the more common seven-segment display, having an additional four diagonal and two vertical segments with the middle horizontal segment...
and sixteen-segment displays to render most characters defeats the purpose of spelling with a limited alphabet.
If the calculator is instead rotated 90 degrees counterclockwise from upright to create a vertical display, a different, but less useful, set of letters can be reproduced:
| Digit: | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
| Letter: | O | |||||||||
| N | M | J | u | b | C | oo | a |
Applications
Aside from novelty and amusement, calculator spelling has limited utility. The popularity of pagerPager
A pager is a simple personal telecommunications device for short messages. A one-way numeric pager can only receive a message consisting of a few digits, typically a phone number that the user is then requested to call...
s in the 1990s gave rise to a form of leetspeak called pagerspeak. Student
Student
A student is a learner, or someone who attends an educational institution. In some nations, the English term is reserved for those who attend university, while a schoolchild under the age of eighteen is called a pupil in English...
s, in particular, experimented with calculators to discover new words.
English
The 'original' attributed example of calculator spelling, which dates from the 1970s, is 5318008, which when turned over spells "BOOBIES". Another early example of calculator spelling offered the sequence 0.7734, which becomes "hELLO". Other words posible with the traditional "BEghILOSZ" set include "LOOSE", "ShELL", "BEIgE", "gOBBLE", and very many others. Two of the longest, at 11 letters, are "hILLBILLIES" and "SLEIghBELLS". Hip hopHip hop
Hip hop is a form of musical expression and artistic culture that originated in African-American and Latino communities during the 1970s in New York City, specifically the Bronx. DJ Afrika Bambaataa outlined the four pillars of hip hop culture: MCing, DJing, breaking and graffiti writing...
slang
Slang
Slang is the use of informal words and expressions that are not considered standard in the speaker's language or dialect but are considered more acceptable when used socially. Slang is often to be found in areas of the lexicon that refer to things considered taboo...
applications include the sequence 3722145 which spells "ShIZZLE". On certain 12 digit calculators the number 5304511351 spells "I SEll ShOES."
Scientific and programmer calculators
Scientific calculatorScientific calculator
A scientific calculator is a type of electronic calculator, usually but not always handheld, designed to calculate problems in science, engineering, and mathematics...
s that feature hexadecimal
Hexadecimal
In mathematics and computer science, hexadecimal is a positional numeral system with a radix, or base, of 16. It uses sixteen distinct symbols, most often the symbols 0–9 to represent values zero to nine, and A, B, C, D, E, F to represent values ten to fifteen...
readout using the letters A through F offer more flexibility. Using a scientific calculator with hex capability, the earlier 'boobies' example can be improved with the A–F keys to spell "B00B1E5", without needing to rotate the display (a practice known as hexspeak
Hexspeak
Hexspeak, like leetspeak, is a novelty form of variant English spelling.Hexspeak was created by programmers who wanted a magic number, a clear and unique identifier with which to mark memory or data...
).
Students often use this capability and the improved "alpha" feature that use the letters "A" through "Z" to write messages, separating words by using the minus sign ("-") or other punctuation. In the "B00B1E5" example above, for instance, a factorial
Factorial
In mathematics, the factorial of a non-negative integer n, denoted by n!, is the product of all positive integers less than or equal to n...
product sign ("!") can be added to create "B00B1E5!" Most of these calculators do not use seven-segment displays, instead using dot matrix displays for greater versatility.
Programmable devices
When accessed through programming, calculator spelling can provide a form of textual feedback in devicesEmbedded system
An embedded system is a computer system designed for specific control functions within a larger system. often with real-time computing constraints. It is embedded as part of a complete device often including hardware and mechanical parts. By contrast, a general-purpose computer, such as a personal...
with limited output ability. A programmer creates a wider set of letters, which does not require a reader to turn the device upside-down.
Other languages
Calculator spelling is also used in other languages.- An example in DutchDutch languageDutch is a West Germanic language and the native language of the majority of the population of the Netherlands, Belgium, and Suriname, the three member states of the Dutch Language Union. Most speakers live in the European Union, where it is a first language for about 23 million and a second...
is 707 + 707 = 1414. In calculator spelling this is LOL + LOL = hIhI. The word LOLLOLLOL is an acronym or abbreviation of "laughing out loud", "lots of luck", or "lots of love". In medical slang, it is used as an acronym for "little old lady", a reference to the novel House of God.LOL or Lol may also refer to:...
means fun (in Dutch, it is also a LeetLeetLeet , also known as eleet or leetspeak, is an alternative alphabet for the English language that is used primarily on the Internet. It uses various combinations of ASCII characters to replace Latinate letters...
/SMSSMS languageSMS language or textese is a term for the abbreviations and slang most commonly used due to the necessary brevity of mobile phone text messaging, in particular the widespread SMS SMS language or textese (also known as txt-speak, txtese, chatspeak, txt, txtspk, txtk, txto, texting language, txt...
acronym for laughter) and hihi is the Dutch spelling for "heehee" (laughter). - In ItalianItalian languageItalian is a Romance language spoken mainly in Europe: Italy, Switzerland, San Marino, Vatican City, by minorities in Malta, Monaco, Croatia, Slovenia, France, Libya, Eritrea, and Somalia, and by immigrant communities in the Americas and Australia...
, 0.7738135 (upside down 'SEI BELLO'), means 'you (masculine) look nice'. - In PortuguesePortuguese languagePortuguese is a Romance language that arose in the medieval Kingdom of Galicia, nowadays Galicia and Northern Portugal. The southern part of the Kingdom of Galicia became independent as the County of Portugal in 1095...
, 50135 ('SEIOS'), means 'breasts', and is directly analogous to the English "58008/BOOBS". - In TurkishTurkish languageTurkish is a language spoken as a native language by over 83 million people worldwide, making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. Its speakers are located predominantly in Turkey and Northern Cyprus with smaller groups in Iraq, Greece, Bulgaria, the Republic of Macedonia, Kosovo,...
, "1837837/LEBLEBILeblebiLeblebi is a kind of snack made from roasted chickpeas, very common and popular in Turkey. It is sometimes roasted with salt, hot spices or dried cloves. There is also a candy coated variety...
" meaning 'roasted chickpeas' and "3732732/ZELZELE", meaning 'earthquake' are common examples.
- In GermanGerman languageGerman is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....
, common words in calculator spelling are 7353/ESEL, which translates to 'donkey', and the forbidden 7134.9315/SIEG hEILNazi saluteThe Nazi salute, or Hitler salute , was a gesture of greeting in Nazi Germany usually accompanied by saying, Heil Hitler! ["Hail Hitler!"], Heil, mein Führer ["Hail, my leader!"], or Sieg Heil! ["Hail victory!"]...
. - In SpanishSpanish languageSpanish , also known as Castilian , is a Romance language in the Ibero-Romance group that evolved from several languages and dialects in central-northern Iberia around the 9th century and gradually spread with the expansion of the Kingdom of Castile into central and southern Iberia during the...
, entering 15 (upside down) or 51 (upside right) produces "SI," which translates in English to either "yes" or "if" depending on whether or not there is an accented i. Another example is formed by writing 50538 (upside-down "BESOS"), which means "kisses". And 0.7715708 which produces "bolsillo" and translates in English to pocketPocketA pocket is a bag- or envelope-like receptacle either fastened to or inserted in an article of clothing to hold small items. Pockets may also be attached to luggage, backpacks, and similar items...
. - A common example in PolishPolish languagePolish is a language of the Lechitic subgroup of West Slavic languages, used throughout Poland and by Polish minorities in other countries...
and several other Slavic languagesSlavic languagesThe Slavic languages , a group of closely related languages of the Slavic peoples and a subgroup of Indo-European languages, have speakers in most of Eastern Europe, in much of the Balkans, in parts of Central Europe, and in the northern part of Asia.-Branches:Scholars traditionally divide Slavic...
is 71830 (upside-down "DEBIL"), meaning "retard". - In FrenchFrench languageFrench is a Romance language spoken as a first language in France, the Romandy region in Switzerland, Wallonia and Brussels in Belgium, Monaco, the regions of Quebec and Acadia in Canada, and by various communities elsewhere. Second-language speakers of French are distributed throughout many parts...
adding one number to the PolishPolish languagePolish is a language of the Lechitic subgroup of West Slavic languages, used throughout Poland and by Polish minorities in other countries...
example displays DEBILE (371830). "Débile" means "dumb", or "stupid". 713705 displays "soleil" ("sun", in English)
Popular culture
- In an episode of the TV series Family GuyFamily GuyFamily Guy is an American animated television series created by Seth MacFarlane for the Fox Broadcasting Company. The series centers on the Griffins, a dysfunctional family consisting of parents Peter and Lois; their children Meg, Chris, and Stewie; and their anthropomorphic pet dog Brian...
Glen Quagmire teaches Chris Griffin how to spell "BOOB" on a calculator, Chris Griffin then has an idea to put two calculators together to make them spell "BOOB" "BOOB" or to loosely resemble a pair of breasts. - The Dutch rock band 350073500735007 is a band from the Netherlands. The sound of 35007 has elements of stoner rock, psychedelic rock, space rock and progressive rock.- History :...
's name comes from the calculator-spelling of the word "Loose". - The Swedish heavy metal band SabatonSabatonA sabaton or solleret is part of a knight's armour that covers the foot. Fifteenth century sabatons typically end in a tapered point well past the actual toes of the wearer's foot...
has a song titled "7734" on their album MetalizerMetalizerMetalizer is the fourth full-length release by Swedish power metal band Sabaton, but was actually recorded as their professional debut album in 2002...
. - In The Fairly OddParentsThe Fairly OddParentsThe Fairly OddParents is an American-Canadian animated television series created by Butch Hartman about the adventures of Timmy Turner, who is granted fairy godparents named Cosmo and Wanda. The series started out as cartoon segments that ran from September 4, 1998 to March 23, 2001 on Oh Yeah!...
TV movie School's Out! The MusicalSchool's Out! The MusicalSchool's Out! The Musical is a musical television special, based on Nickelodeon's animated television series The Fairly OddParents, created by Butch Hartman. The plot involves Timmy Turner becoming president of "KidWorld" and The Pixies trying to take over the world using the...
Flappy Bob types 07734 on the calculator during the song "Where is the Fun?", which when turned upside down spells Hello. - In an episode of the TV series SpongeBob SquarePantsSpongeBob SquarePantsSpongeBob SquarePants is an American animated television series, created by marine biologist and animator Stephen Hillenburg. Much of the series centers on the exploits and adventures of the title character and his various friends in the underwater city of "Bikini Bottom"...
("Goo Goo Gas"), the character Plankton tests a formula that turns anything it touches into a baby stored in Karen, his computerized "wife." When it works in turning her into a calculator, Plankton beseeches the device to "speak to me!" It responds in a calculator-spelling response of 0.7734 (hELLO), causing him to exclaim "It worked!" - A commercial for ProgressiveProgressive CorporationThe Progressive Corporation , known as the Progressive Casualty Insurance Company through its subsidiaries, provides personal automobile insurance, and other specialty property-casualty insurance and related services in the United States....
automobile insurance features the company spokeswoman, FloFlo (Progressive Insurance)Flo is a fictional character that appears in commercials for Progressive Insurance. The character was created by the Boston-based agency Arnold Worldwide, specifically copywriter John Park and art director Steve Reepmeyer...
, typing 0.7734 to spell "Hello" as a form of "calculator humor." - In the Strong BadStrong BadStrong Bad is one of the major characters of the Homestar Runner series of animated Flash web cartoons. He is portrayed by Matt Chapman, the principal voice actor and co-founder of the series. Strong Bad enjoys pranking the other characters of the series, along with his ever-diligent lackey pet...
Email "technology" on the popular Homestar RunnerHomestar RunnerHomestar Runner is a Flash animated Internet cartoon. It mixes surreal humor with references to retro pop culture, notably video games, classic television, and popular music.The cartoons are nominally centered on the title character, Homestar Runner...
website, Strong Bad types in 530453080 to his calculator. When turned upside down this reads "Oboe shoes" - The song Twilight Omens by Franz FerdinandFranz Ferdinand (band)Franz Ferdinand are a Scottish post-punk revival band formed in Glasgow in 2002. The band is composed of Alex Kapranos , Bob Hardy , Nick McCarthy , and Paul Thomson .The band first experienced chart success when their second single, "Take Me Out", reached #3 in...
includes the lines, "I typed your number into my calculator / Where it spelled a dirty word / When you turn it upside down." - In the manga Rave MasterRave Master, is a manga series written and illustrated by Hiro Mashima. The manga was serialized in Shōnen Magazine from July 1999 through July 2005, and published in thirty-five tankōbon by Kodansha. The manga series was licensed for an English release in North America by Tokyopop until Kodansha allowed...
, the character ElieElie (Rave Master)Elie whose real name is Resha Valentine, is a fictional character of the Studio Deen anime and manga series, Rave Master. She is voiced by Ayako Kawasumi in the original Japanese version and by Michelle Ruff in the English dub.-Elie:...
thinks her name is "Elie" because she mistakenly read the tattoo on her arm (3173) upside-down. - The NerdcoreNerdcore hip hopNerdcore hip hop, is a sub-genre of hip hop music characterized by themes and subject matter considered to be of general interest to nerds, though it can appeal to others as well. Self-described nerdcore musician MC Frontalot has the earliest known recorded use of the term in the 2000 song...
rapper MC FrontalotMC FrontalotDamian Hess , better known by stage name MC Frontalot, is a Brooklyn-based hip hop musician and self-proclaimed "world's 579th greatest rapper". He is best known in nerdcore hip hop and video game culture, for naming the nerdcore subgenre, and performing at Penny Arcades annual Penny Arcade Expo...
has a song titled 80085 (BOOBS) on the album Zero Day. - According to the 2010 episode of The SimpsonsThe SimpsonsThe Simpsons is an American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company. The series is a satirical parody of a middle class American lifestyle epitomized by its family of the same name, which consists of Homer, Marge, Bart, Lisa and Maggie...
entitled Moe Letter BluesMoe Letter Blues"Moe Letter Blues" is the twenty-first episode of The Simpsons twenty-first season. It aired on the Fox network in the United States on May 9, 2010. In this episode, Homer, Reverend Lovejoy, and Apu Nahasapeemapetilon receive a letter from Moe stating that he will steal one of their wives...
, the animated sitcom takes place in ZIP CodeZIP CodeZIP codes are a system of postal codes used by the United States Postal Service since 1963. The term ZIP, an acronym for Zone Improvement Plan, is properly written in capital letters and was chosen to suggest that the mail travels more efficiently, and therefore more quickly, when senders use the...
80085 because in calculator spelling, the ZIP code is BOOBS. The ZIP code could also be 60065 as "boobs". - In 1979 the Hollies released an album entitled 531770453177045317704 is a 1979 album by the English rock/pop group, The Hollies. The album title is the band's name upside down in digital number view...
which is HOLLIES in upside down calculator - In the computer game Sam & MaxSam & MaxSam & Max is a media franchise focusing on the fictional characters of Sam and Max, the Freelance Police. The characters, who occupy a universe that parodies American popular culture, were created by Steve Purcell in his youth, and later debuted in a 1987 comic book series...
, one immature character speculates that a door code's password might be 5318008- (BOOBIES). After hours of problem-solving, you find out that the password is exactly that. - In Extras (TV series)Extras (TV series)Extras is a British sitcom about extras working on TV and film sets and in theatre. The series was co-produced by the BBC and HBO, and is created, written, and directed by Ricky Gervais and Stephen Merchant, both of whom also star in it...
, Andy's agent shows him, much to his evident disinterest, that 58008 forms 'boobs'. His agent later uses this 'trick' to get in with some of Andy's fans. - The 1991 episode of I Love the '90s: Part DeuxI Love the '90s: Part DeuxI Love the '90s: Part Deux is a miniseries on VH1 in which various music and TV personalities reminisce about 1990s culture. It premiered on January 17, 2005. This series is a sequel to I Love the '90s...
includes a segment on beepersPagerA pager is a simple personal telecommunications device for short messages. A one-way numeric pager can only receive a message consisting of a few digits, typically a phone number that the user is then requested to call...
, which included various people discussing the use of calculator spelling to send messages on what at the time was only a numeric display.
See also
- PhonewordPhonewordPhonewords are alphanumeric equivalents of a telephone number. In many countries, there exist letters corresponding to each digit on a telephone keypad...
- ASCII artASCII artASCII art is a graphic design technique that uses computers for presentation and consists of pictures pieced together from the 95 printable characters defined by the ASCII Standard from 1963 and ASCII compliant character sets with proprietary extended characters...
- EmoticonEmoticonAn emoticon is a facial expression pictorially represented by punctuation and letters, usually to express a writer’s mood. Emoticons are often used to alert a responder to the tenor or temper of a statement, and can change and improve interpretation of plain text. The word is a portmanteau word...
- HexspeakHexspeakHexspeak, like leetspeak, is a novelty form of variant English spelling.Hexspeak was created by programmers who wanted a magic number, a clear and unique identifier with which to mark memory or data...
- LeetLeetLeet , also known as eleet or leetspeak, is an alternative alphabet for the English language that is used primarily on the Internet. It uses various combinations of ASCII characters to replace Latinate letters...
speek - Seven-segment display character representationsSeven-segment display character representationsThe topic of seven-segment display character representations revolves around the various shapes of numerical digits, letters, and punctuation devisable on seven-segment displays. Such representation of characters is not standardized by any relevant entity The topic of seven-segment display...
- TranslitTranslitTranslit is a method of encoding Cyrillic letters with Latin ones. The term is derived from transliteration, the system of replacing letters of one alphabet with letters of another....
- Transformation of textTransformation of textTransformation of text is strategies to perform geometric transformations on text , particularly in systems that do not natively support transformation, such as HTML, seven-segment displays and plain text.-Implementation:...
External links
- Calculator Haikus – Some examples and a report of finding a total of 118 EnglishEnglish languageEnglish is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...
words possible to display using the upside-down technique - A list of 250 calculator-spellable English words – A list of calculator spelling words generated by regular expressionRegular expressionIn computing, a regular expression provides a concise and flexible means for "matching" strings of text, such as particular characters, words, or patterns of characters. Abbreviations for "regular expression" include "regex" and "regexp"...
search - Taschencode Advanced – Software to emulate an upside-down calculator (MS WindowsMicrosoft WindowsMicrosoft Windows is a series of operating systems produced by Microsoft.Microsoft introduced an operating environment named Windows on November 20, 1985 as an add-on to MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in graphical user interfaces . Microsoft Windows came to dominate the world's personal...
only) - Topsy-Turvy Calculator – An upside-down calculator
- Historias de Calculadora – A list of calculator-spellable SpanishSpanish languageSpanish , also known as Castilian , is a Romance language in the Ibero-Romance group that evolved from several languages and dialects in central-northern Iberia around the 9th century and gradually spread with the expansion of the Kingdom of Castile into central and southern Iberia during the...
words, and Logo code to convert them to numbers - The Ultimate List – An 824 word list and an extended 1455 word list of English words possible to display on an upside down calculator, HTML code to aid their creation plus three 'micro stories' using only the available words.