Calanthe – commonly abbreviated Cal. in horticulture

Horticulture

Horticulture is the industry and science of plant cultivation including the process of preparing soil for the planting of seeds, tubers, or cuttings. Horticulturists work and conduct research in the disciplines of plant propagation and cultivation, crop production, plant breeding and genetic...

 – is a widespread genus

Genus

In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia...

 of terrestrial orchids (family

Family (biology)

In biological classification, family is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, and species, with family fitting between order and genus. As for the other well-known ranks, there is the option of an immediately lower rank, indicated by the...

 Orchidaceae) with some 170 species

Species

In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. A species is often defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. While in many cases this definition is adequate, more precise or differing measures are...

.

The genus is divided into 2 groups – deciduous

Deciduous

Deciduous means "falling off at maturity" or "tending to fall off", and is typically used in reference to trees or shrubs that lose their leaves seasonally, and to the shedding of other plant structures such as petals after flowering or fruit when ripe...

 species

Species

In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. A species is often defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. While in many cases this definition is adequate, more precise or differing measures are...

 and evergreen

Evergreen

In botany, an evergreen plant is a plant that has leaves in all seasons. This contrasts with deciduous plants, which completely lose their foliage during the winter or dry season.There are many different kinds of evergreen plants, both trees and shrubs...

 ones. Calanthe species are found in all tropical

Tropics

The tropics is a region of the Earth surrounding the Equator. It is limited in latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the northern hemisphere at approximately  N and the Tropic of Capricorn in the southern hemisphere at  S; these latitudes correspond to the axial tilt of the Earth...

 areas, but mostly concentrated in Asia

Asia

Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres. It covers 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area and with approximately 3.879 billion people, it hosts 60% of the world's current human population...

; some species also range into subtropical and tropical lands such as Taiwan

Taiwan

Taiwan , also known, especially in the past, as Formosa , is the largest island of the same-named island group of East Asia in the western Pacific Ocean and located off the southeastern coast of mainland China. The island forms over 99% of the current territory of the Republic of China following...

, India

India

India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...

 and Madagascar

Madagascar

The Republic of Madagascar is an island country located in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern coast of Africa...

. C. discolor

Calanthe discolor

Calanthe discolor is a species of orchid....

is a well-known species found in Japan

Japan

Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...

, the southern part of Korea

Korea

Korea ) is an East Asian geographic region that is currently divided into two separate sovereign states — North Korea and South Korea. Located on the Korean Peninsula, Korea is bordered by the People's Republic of China to the northwest, Russia to the northeast, and is separated from Japan to the...

 and China

China

Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...

; its vernacular name ebine (海老根) means "shrimp

Shrimp

Shrimp are swimming, decapod crustaceans classified in the infraorder Caridea, found widely around the world in both fresh and salt water. Adult shrimp are filter feeding benthic animals living close to the bottom. They can live in schools and can swim rapidly backwards. Shrimp are an important...

-root

Root

In vascular plants, the root is the organ of a plant that typically lies below the surface of the soil. This is not always the case, however, since a root can also be aerial or aerating . Furthermore, a stem normally occurring below ground is not exceptional either...

" in reference to the shape of the plant's pseudobulbs and root system.

List of species

• Calanthe abbreviata 
• Calanthe aceras 
• Calanthe actinomorpha 
• Calanthe albolutea 
• Calanthe aleizettii 
• Calanthe alismifolia 
• Calanthe alpina 
• Calanthe alta 
• Calanthe angustifolia
  • Calanthe angustifolia var. angustifolia.
  • Calanthe angustifolia var. flava
• Calanthe anthropophora 
• Calanthe arcuata 
• Calanthe arfakana 
• Calanthe argenteostriata 
• Calanthe arisanensis 
• Calanthe aristulifera
• Calanthe aruank 
• Calanthe atjehensis 
• Calanthe aurantiaca 
• Calanthe aureiflora 
• Calanthe bicalcarata 
  • Calanthe bicalcarata var. bicalcarata.
  • Calanthe bicalcarata var. depressa
• Calanthe biloba 
• Calanthe brevicornu
• Calanthe breviflos 
• Calanthe calanthoides
• Calanthe camptoceras 
• Calanthe cardioglossa 
• Calanthe carrii 
• Calanthe caulescens
• Calanthe caulodes 
• Calanthe cheniana 
• Calanthe chevalieri 
• Calanthe chloroleuca
• Calanthe chrysoglossoides 
• Calanthe chrysoleuca 
• Calanthe clavata 
• Calanthe clavicalcar
• Calanthe cleistogama 
• Calanthe coelogyniformis
• Calanthe coiloglossa 
• Calanthe conspicua 
• Calanthe coreana 
• Calanthe cremeoviridis 
• Calanthe crenulata 
• Calanthe cruciata 
• Calanthe crumenata 
• Calanthe davaensis 
• Calanthe davidii 
• Calanthe densiflora
  Calanthe densiflora
  Calanthe densiflora is a species of orchid....
  
  
• Calanthe dipteryx 
• Calanthe discolor
  Calanthe discolor
  Calanthe discolor is a species of orchid....
  
  
• Calanthe disticha 
• Calanthe dulongensis 
• Calanthe duyana 
• Calanthe ecallosa 
• Calanthe ecarinata 
• Calanthe emeishanica 
• Calanthe engleriana 
  • Calanthe engleriana var. brevicalcarata
  • Calanthe engleriana var. engleriana.
• Calanthe englishii 
• Calanthe ensifolia 
• Calanthe epiphytica 
• Calanthe esquirolei 
• Calanthe fargesii
  Calanthe fargesii
  Calanthe fargesii is a species of plant in the Orchidaceae family. It is endemic to China. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montanes.-References:...
  
   
• Calanthe finisterrae
• Calanthe fissa 
• Calanthe flava 
  • Calanthe flava var. flava.
  • Calanthe flava var. rubra
• Calanthe forbesii 
• Calanthe fragrans 
• Calanthe fulgens 
• Calanthe geelvinkensis
• Calanthe gibbsiae 
• Calanthe graciliflora 
• Calanthe graciliscapa 
• Calanthe griffithii 
• Calanthe halconensis 
• Calanthe hancockii 
• Calanthe hattorii 
• Calanthe hennisii 
• Calanthe henryi
  Calanthe henryi
  Calanthe henryi is a species of plant in the Orchidaceae family. It is endemic to China.-References:* China Plant Specialist Group 2004. . Downloaded 20 August 2007....
  
   
• Calanthe herbacea 
• Calanthe hirsuta 
• Calanthe hololeuca 
• Calanthe hoshii 
• Calanthe hyacinthina
• Calanthe imthurnii
• Calanthe inflata 
• Calanthe izu-insularis
• Calanthe johorensis 
• Calanthe jusnerii 
• Calanthe kawakamiense
• Calanthe kaniensis 
• Calanthe kemulensis 
• Calanthe keshabii 
• Calanthe kinabaluensis
• Calanthe labellicauda 
• Calanthe labrosa 
• Calanthe lacerata 
• Calanthe lechangensis
• Calanthe leucosceptrum 
  • Calanthe leucosceptrum var. bisubulifera
  • Calanthe leucosceptrum var. leucosceptrum.
• Calanthe limprichtii 
• Calanthe longibracteata
• Calanthe longifolia 
• Calanthe lutiviridis 
• Calanthe lyroglossa 
  • Calanthe lyroglossa var. longibracteata
  • Calanthe lyroglossa var. lyroglossa.
• Calanthe madagascariensis 
• Calanthe mannii 
• Calanthe maquilingensis
• Calanthe maxii 
• Calanthe mcgregorii
• Calanthe metoensis 
• Calanthe micrantha 
• Calanthe microglossa 
• Calanthe moluccensis
• Calanthe monophylla 
• Calanthe muelleri 
• Calanthe nankunensis
• Calanthe nicolae 
• Calanthe nipponica 
• Calanthe nivalis 
• Calanthe oblanceolata 
• Calanthe obreniformis 
• Calanthe odora 
• Calanthe oreadum 
• Calanthe otuhanica 
• Calanthe ovalifolia 
• Calanthe ovata 
• Calanthe papuana 
• Calanthe parvilabris 
• Calanthe pauciverrucosa 
• Calanthe pavairiensis 
• Calanthe petelotiana 
• Calanthe pilosa 
• Calanthe plantaginea 
  • Calanthe plantaginea var. lushuiensis
  • Calanthe plantaginea var. plantaginea.
• Calanthe polyantha
• Calanthe puberula 
• Calanthe pulchra
  Calanthe pulchra
  Calanthe pulchra is a species of orchid.Found in Laos, Thailand, Borneo, Java, Malaysia, the Philippines and Sumatra in humid forests at elevations of 130 to 1700 meters as a medium to large sized, hot to warm growing terrestrial with close set, small pseduobulbs enveloped by leaf sheaths and...
  
   
• Calanthe pullei 
• Calanthe rajana 
• Calanthe reflexilabris
• Calanthe rhodochila 
  • Calanthe rhodochila var. reconditiflora
  • Calanthe rhodochila var. rhodochila.
• Calanthe rigida 
• Calanthe rosea 
• Calanthe rubens
  Calanthe rubens
  Calanthe rubens is a species of orchid....
  
   
• Calanthe ruttenii 
• Calanthe saccata 
• Calanthe sacculata 
• Calanthe salaccensis 
• Calanthe sanderiana 
• Calanthe seranica 
• Calanthe shelfordii 
• Calanthe shweliensis 
• Calanthe simplex 
• Calanthe sinica 
• Calanthe spathoglottoides
• Calanthe speciosa 
• Calanthe stenophylla 
• Calanthe stevensiana 
• Calanthe striata
  Calanthe striata
  Calanthe striata is a species of orchid....
  
   
• Calanthe succedanea 
• Calanthe sylvatica
  Calanthe sylvatica
  Calanthe sylvatica is a species of orchid....
  
   
• Calanthe taenioides 
• Calanthe tahitensis 
• Calanthe tenuis 
• Calanthe torricellensis
• Calanthe transiens 
• Calanthe triantherifera
• Calanthe tricarinata 
• Calanthe trifida 
• Calanthe triplicata
  Calanthe triplicata
  Calanthe triplicata is a species of orchid....
  
   
• Calanthe trulliformis
• Calanthe truncata 
• Calanthe truncicola 
• Calanthe tsoongiana 
• Calanthe uncata 
• Calanthe undulata 
• Calanthe unifolia 
• Calanthe vaginata 
• Calanthe velutina 
• Calanthe ventilabrum
• Calanthe versteegii 
• Calanthe vestita
  Calanthe vestita
  Calanthe vestita is a species of orchid....
  
   
• Calanthe villosa 
• Calanthe whiteana 
• Calanthe yuana
  Calanthe yuana
  Calanthe yuana is a species of plant in the Orchidaceae family. It is endemic to China.-References:* China Plant Specialist Group 2004. . Downloaded 20 August 2007....
  
   
• Calanthe yuksomnensis
• Calanthe zollingeri 

Synonyms

This genus has a large number of synonyms:

• Alismorkis Thouars
• Amblyglottis Blume
• Aulostylis Schltr.
• Calanthidum Pfitzer
• Centrosia A.Rich.
• Centrosis Thouars
• Cytheris Lindl.
  John Lindley
  John Lindley FRS was an English botanist, gardener and orchidologist.-Early years:Born in Catton, near Norwich, England, John Lindley was one of four children of George and Mary Lindley. George Lindley was a nurseryman and pomologist and ran a commercial nursery garden...
  
  
• Ghiesbreghtia A.Rich. & Galeotti
  Henri Guillaume Galeotti
  Henri Guillaume Galeotti was a French-Belgian botanist and geologist of Italian parentage who was born in Paris. He specialized in the study of the family Cactaceae....
  
  
• Limatodes Blume
• Paracalanthe Kudô
• Preptanthe Rchb.f.
  Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach
  Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach was an ornithologist, botanist and the foremost German orchidologist of the 19th century...
  
  
• Styloglossum Breda
• Sylvalismis Thouars