Brownish Elaenia
Encyclopedia
The Brownish Elaenia is a species of bird
in the Tyrannidae family, the tyrant flycatcher
s.
It is found along the Amazon Basin
rivers of Brazil
; also northern Peru
and the adjacent border of Colombia
; also Bolivia
. The rivers are the Xingu
, Iriri
, Madeira
, and Jurua of Brazil, and the Marañón
of Peru.
Its natural habitat
is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest
s.
, in contiguous river corridor
s, about 125 km wide. Downstream in the east, the bird's range starts at the confluence of the Xingu River
in the south of Pará
state, North Region, Brazil
; it ranges upstream on the Xingu for 700 km, then a tributary to the west of the Xingu, the Rio Iriri
, for another 700 km.
The next upstream tributary for the bird's range, is the Madeira River
in the Amazon Basin's southwest, Amazonas state. The range proceeds 2400 km upstream into the headwaters of the Madeira in northern Bolivia. To the west the Brownish Elaenia's range continues as the Amazon River becomes the Marañón River
and proceeds to the headwaters in northern Peru; this is also along the Amazonas, Brazil-Colombia border, of about 200 km. One further tributary is home to the Brownish Elaenia, a tributary, the Jurua River from the Amazon River to the southwest, of about 950 km.
Bird
Birds are feathered, winged, bipedal, endothermic , egg-laying, vertebrate animals. Around 10,000 living species and 188 families makes them the most speciose class of tetrapod vertebrates. They inhabit ecosystems across the globe, from the Arctic to the Antarctic. Extant birds range in size from...
in the Tyrannidae family, the tyrant flycatcher
Tyrant flycatcher
The tyrant flycatchers are a family of passerine birds which occur throughout North and South America. They are considered the largest family of birds on Earth, with more than 400 species. They are the most diverse avian family in every country in the Americas, except for the United States and...
s.
It is found along the Amazon Basin
Amazon Basin
The Amazon Basin is the part of South America drained by the Amazon River and its tributaries that drains an area of about , or roughly 40 percent of South America. The basin is located in the countries of Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, and Venezuela...
rivers of Brazil
Brazil
Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
; also northern Peru
Peru
Peru , officially the Republic of Peru , is a country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean....
and the adjacent border of Colombia
Colombia
Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia , is a unitary constitutional republic comprising thirty-two departments. The country is located in northwestern South America, bordered to the east by Venezuela and Brazil; to the south by Ecuador and Peru; to the north by the Caribbean Sea; to the...
; also Bolivia
Bolivia
Bolivia officially known as Plurinational State of Bolivia , is a landlocked country in central South America. It is the poorest country in South America...
. The rivers are the Xingu
Xingu River
The Xingu River , also called Rio Xingu, is a 1,230-mile long, river in north Brazil; it is a southeast tributary of the Amazon River.-Description and history:...
, Iriri
Iriri River
The Iriri River is a tributary of the Xingu River in Brazil, in the state of Pará. It is long making it the 116th longest river in the world and the 15th longest in the Amazon Basin. The headwaters are the traditional home of the Panará people....
, Madeira
Madeira River
The Madeira River is a major waterway in South America, approximately 3,250 km miles long The Madeira is the biggest tributary of the Amazon...
, and Jurua of Brazil, and the Marañón
Marañón River
The Marañón River rises about 160 km to the northeast of Lima, Peru, flows through a deeply-eroded Andean valley in a northwesterly direction, along the eastern base of the Cordillera of the Andes, as far as 5 degrees 36' southern latitude; then it makes a great bend to the northeast, and...
of Peru.
Its natural habitat
Habitat
* Habitat , a place where a species lives and grows*Human habitat, a place where humans live, work or play** Space habitat, a space station intended as a permanent settlement...
is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest
Forest
A forest, also referred to as a wood or the woods, is an area with a high density of trees. As with cities, depending where you are in the world, what is considered a forest may vary significantly in size and have various classification according to how and what of the forest is composed...
s.
Range
The Brownish Elaenia is found in the central Amazon Basin, along the Amazon RiverAmazon River
The Amazon of South America is the second longest river in the world and by far the largest by waterflow with an average discharge greater than the next seven largest rivers combined...
, in contiguous river corridor
Wildlife corridor
A wildlife corridor or green corridor is an area of habitat connecting wildlife populations separated by human activities . This allows an exchange of individuals between populations, which may help prevent the negative effects of inbreeding and reduced genetic diversity that often occur within...
s, about 125 km wide. Downstream in the east, the bird's range starts at the confluence of the Xingu River
Xingu River
The Xingu River , also called Rio Xingu, is a 1,230-mile long, river in north Brazil; it is a southeast tributary of the Amazon River.-Description and history:...
in the south of Pará
Pará
Pará is a state in the north of Brazil. It borders the Brazilian states of Amapá, Maranhão, Tocantins, Mato Grosso, Amazonas and Roraima. To the northwest it also borders Guyana and Suriname, and to the northeast it borders the Atlantic Ocean. The capital is Belém.Pará is the most populous state...
state, North Region, Brazil
North Region, Brazil
The North Region of Brazil is the largest Region of Brazil, corresponding to 45.27% of the national territory. It is the least inhabited of the country, and contributes with a minor percentage in the national GDP and population...
; it ranges upstream on the Xingu for 700 km, then a tributary to the west of the Xingu, the Rio Iriri
Iriri River
The Iriri River is a tributary of the Xingu River in Brazil, in the state of Pará. It is long making it the 116th longest river in the world and the 15th longest in the Amazon Basin. The headwaters are the traditional home of the Panará people....
, for another 700 km.
The next upstream tributary for the bird's range, is the Madeira River
Madeira River
The Madeira River is a major waterway in South America, approximately 3,250 km miles long The Madeira is the biggest tributary of the Amazon...
in the Amazon Basin's southwest, Amazonas state. The range proceeds 2400 km upstream into the headwaters of the Madeira in northern Bolivia. To the west the Brownish Elaenia's range continues as the Amazon River becomes the Marañón River
Marañón River
The Marañón River rises about 160 km to the northeast of Lima, Peru, flows through a deeply-eroded Andean valley in a northwesterly direction, along the eastern base of the Cordillera of the Andes, as far as 5 degrees 36' southern latitude; then it makes a great bend to the northeast, and...
and proceeds to the headwaters in northern Peru; this is also along the Amazonas, Brazil-Colombia border, of about 200 km. One further tributary is home to the Brownish Elaenia, a tributary, the Jurua River from the Amazon River to the southwest, of about 950 km.
External links
- State Maps with Rivers: Amazonas; Pará
- Brownish Elaenia photo gallery VIREO
