.gif)
Brienner Straße (Munich)
Encyclopedia
The neoclassical
Brienner Straße in Munich
is one of four royal avenues and was constructed in line with a draft of Karl von Fischer
and Friedrich Ludwig von Sckell
under the reign of Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria from 1812 onwards. The avenue is named after the Battle of Brienne
.
.jpg)
on the northern fringe of the Old Town close to the Residenz
, and runs from east to west passing Wittelsbacher Platz, the circular Karolinenplatz and finally opens into the impressive Königsplatz
, designed with the "Doric
" Propylaea
, the "Ionic
" Glyptothek
and the "Corinthian
" State Museum of Classical Art, behind which St. Boniface's Abbey
was erected. In the most western part of the Brienner Straße, between Königsplatz and Stiglmeierplatz, the Munich Volkstheater (roughly translated as "People's Theatre") was founded in 1983.
The area around Königsplatz is home to the Kunstareal
, Munich's gallery and museum quarter, also including the Alte Pinakothek
, the Neue Pinakothek
, the Pinakothek der Moderne
and the Lenbachhaus
.
The Obelisk at Karolinenplatz was built in 1833 by Leo von Klenze
as memorial for 30.000 Bavarian soldiers who lost their life during the French invasion of Russia
. The monument is 29 meters high and constructed out of bronze-plates over brick-stone. The metal was obtained from guns of the Turkish battle-ships sunk in the Battle of Navarino
on October 20, 1827. The purpose of the Amerika Haus at 3 Karolinenplatz is to focus on culture as a center for cultural exchange between Bavaria and the United States.
The Wittelsbacherplatz with its ensemble of Neo-Classical buildings was designed by Leo von Klenze. The square is bounded on the north side by the Alfons-Palais, built in 1825 as a home for von Klenze himself but later acquired by Prince Ludwig Ferdinand of Wittelsbach. The mansion serves today as the head office of the Siemens Corporation
. On the west side stands the Palais Arco-Zinneberg (1820), which was also badly damaged in the last war. The former concert hall Odeon, present home of the Bavarian Ministry of the Interior, bounds the square on its northeast side.
Most of the avenue's mansions were also erected in strict Neo-Classical style, such as the Almeida Palais (by Jean Baptist Métivier, 1824). Several buildings were destroyed during World War II. The opening in the middle of the Brienner Strasse for the new circular road Altstadtring after World War II disturbs the appearance.
The Brown House
, the national headquarters of the Nazi Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei) in Germany
was located at 45 Brienner Straße. In December 2005 the government of Bavaria
announced that the site would soon become the home of the future NS-Dokumentationszentrum (Documentation Centre for the History of National Socialism). In March 2009, Munich Mayor Christian Ude
announced that a team of architects from Berlin had won a competition to design the new Third Reich documentation center. Construction on the cube-like structure is set to begin in the spring of 2011.
Neoclassical architecture
Neoclassical architecture was an architectural style produced by the neoclassical movement that began in the mid-18th century, manifested both in its details as a reaction against the Rococo style of naturalistic ornament, and in its architectural formulas as an outgrowth of some classicizing...
Brienner Straße in Munich
Munich
Munich The city's motto is "" . Before 2006, it was "Weltstadt mit Herz" . Its native name, , is derived from the Old High German Munichen, meaning "by the monks' place". The city's name derives from the monks of the Benedictine order who founded the city; hence the monk depicted on the city's coat...
is one of four royal avenues and was constructed in line with a draft of Karl von Fischer
Karl von Fischer
Karl [Carl] von Fischer was a German architect. His drafts had enormous influence on the architecture of classicism in South Germany....
and Friedrich Ludwig von Sckell
Friedrich Ludwig von Sckell
Friedrich Ludwig von Sckell was a German landscape gardener from Weilburg an der Lahn.Sckell was trained in the Court Market Garden in Schwetzingen near Mannheim and worked after his apprenticeship in Bruchsal, Paris, and Versailles. From 1773 to 1777, he was in England busying himself with...
under the reign of Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria from 1812 onwards. The avenue is named after the Battle of Brienne
Battle of Brienne
The Battle of Brienne was fought on January 29, 1814, and resulted in the victory of Emperor Napoleon I's French forces over the Russian and Prussian forces commanded by the Prussian Generalfeldmarschall Prince von Blücher....
.
Architecture
The Brienner Straße starts at OdeonsplatzOdeonsplatz
Odeonsplatz is a large square in central Munich which was named after the former concert hall Odeon.-Architecture:In 1791 the medieval city wall was demolished and plans for a square at the point of the Schwabing Gate could be realized with the erection of the Brienner Straße in 1816. The...
on the northern fringe of the Old Town close to the Residenz
Residenz
Residenz is a very formal, otherwise obsolete, German word for "place of living". It is in particular used to denote the building or town where a sovereign ruler resided, therefore also carrying a similar meaning as the modern expressions seat of government or capital...
, and runs from east to west passing Wittelsbacher Platz, the circular Karolinenplatz and finally opens into the impressive Königsplatz
Königsplatz
Königsplatz is a square in Munich, Germany.-Architecture:The square was designed with the creation of the Brienner Straße at the command of Crown Prince Ludwig of Bavaria by Karl von Fischer and laid out by Leo von Klenze....
, designed with the "Doric
Doric order
The Doric order was one of the three orders or organizational systems of ancient Greek or classical architecture; the other two canonical orders were the Ionic and the Corinthian.-History:...
" Propylaea
Propylaea (Munich)
The Propylaea is a gate in Munich at the west side of Koenigsplatz.- History :The building constructed in Doric order was completed by Leo von Klenze in 1862 and evokes the monumental entrance of the Propylaea for the Athenian Acropolis...
, the "Ionic
Ionic order
The Ionic order forms one of the three orders or organizational systems of classical architecture, the other two canonic orders being the Doric and the Corinthian...
" Glyptothek
Glyptothek
The Glyptothek is a museum in Munich, Germany, which was commissioned by the Bavarian King Ludwig I to house his collection of Greek and Roman sculptures . It was designed by Leo von Klenze in the Neoclassical style, and built from 1816 to 1830...
and the "Corinthian
Corinthian order
The Corinthian order is one of the three principal classical orders of ancient Greek and Roman architecture. The other two are the Doric and Ionic. When classical architecture was revived during the Renaissance, two more orders were added to the canon, the Tuscan order and the Composite order...
" State Museum of Classical Art, behind which St. Boniface's Abbey
St. Boniface's Abbey, Munich
St. Boniface's Abbey is a Benedictine monastery in Munich, Bavaria, Germany. It was founded in 1835 by King Ludwig I of Bavaria, as a part of his efforts to reanimate the country's spiritual life by the restoration of the monasteries destroyed during the secularisation of the early 19th century....
was erected. In the most western part of the Brienner Straße, between Königsplatz and Stiglmeierplatz, the Munich Volkstheater (roughly translated as "People's Theatre") was founded in 1983.
The area around Königsplatz is home to the Kunstareal
Kunstareal
The Kunstareal is a museum quarter in the city centre of Munich, Germany.It consists of the three "Pinakotheken" galleries , the Glyptothek, the Staatliche Antikensammlung , the Lenbachhaus, the Museum Brandhorst and...
, Munich's gallery and museum quarter, also including the Alte Pinakothek
Alte Pinakothek
The Alte Pinakothek is an art museum situated in the Kunstareal in Munich, Germany. It is one of the oldest galleries in the world and houses one of the most famous collections of Old Master paintings...
, the Neue Pinakothek
Neue Pinakothek
The Neue Pinakothek is an art museum in Munich, Germany. Its focus is European Art of the 18th and 19th century and is one of the most important museums of art of the nineteenth century in the world...
, the Pinakothek der Moderne
Pinakothek der Moderne
The Pinakothek der Moderne is a modern art museum, situated in the city centre of Munich, Germany. Together with its two predecessors Alte Pinakothek and Neue Pinakothek The Pinakothek der Moderne (= "(Art) Gallery of the Modern"; from Greek: "pinax" = "board", "tablet") is a modern art museum,...
and the Lenbachhaus
Lenbachhaus
The Lenbachhaus in Munich houses an art museum and is part of Munich's "Kunstareal" .- The building :The Lenbachhaus was built as a Florentine-style villa for the painter Franz von Lenbach between 1887 and 1891 by Gabriel von Seidl...
.
The Obelisk at Karolinenplatz was built in 1833 by Leo von Klenze
Leo von Klenze
Leo von Klenze was a German neoclassicist architect, painter and writer...
as memorial for 30.000 Bavarian soldiers who lost their life during the French invasion of Russia
French invasion of Russia
The French invasion of Russia of 1812 was a turning point in the Napoleonic Wars. It reduced the French and allied invasion forces to a tiny fraction of their initial strength and triggered a major shift in European politics as it dramatically weakened French hegemony in Europe...
. The monument is 29 meters high and constructed out of bronze-plates over brick-stone. The metal was obtained from guns of the Turkish battle-ships sunk in the Battle of Navarino
Battle of Navarino
The naval Battle of Navarino was fought on 20 October 1827, during the Greek War of Independence in Navarino Bay , on the west coast of the Peloponnese peninsula, in the Ionian Sea. A combined Ottoman and Egyptian armada was destroyed by a combined British, French and Russian naval force...
on October 20, 1827. The purpose of the Amerika Haus at 3 Karolinenplatz is to focus on culture as a center for cultural exchange between Bavaria and the United States.
The Wittelsbacherplatz with its ensemble of Neo-Classical buildings was designed by Leo von Klenze. The square is bounded on the north side by the Alfons-Palais, built in 1825 as a home for von Klenze himself but later acquired by Prince Ludwig Ferdinand of Wittelsbach. The mansion serves today as the head office of the Siemens Corporation
Siemens
Siemens may refer toSiemens, a German family name carried by generations of telecommunications industrialists, including:* Werner von Siemens , inventor, founder of Siemens AG...
. On the west side stands the Palais Arco-Zinneberg (1820), which was also badly damaged in the last war. The former concert hall Odeon, present home of the Bavarian Ministry of the Interior, bounds the square on its northeast side.
Most of the avenue's mansions were also erected in strict Neo-Classical style, such as the Almeida Palais (by Jean Baptist Métivier, 1824). Several buildings were destroyed during World War II. The opening in the middle of the Brienner Strasse for the new circular road Altstadtring after World War II disturbs the appearance.
The Brown House
Brown House, Munich, Germany
The Brown House was the national headquarters of the Nazi Party in Germany.A large impressive stone structure, it was located at 45 Brienner Straße in Munich, Bavaria...
, the national headquarters of the Nazi Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei) in Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
was located at 45 Brienner Straße. In December 2005 the government of Bavaria
Bavaria
Bavaria, formally the Free State of Bavaria is a state of Germany, located in the southeast of Germany. With an area of , it is the largest state by area, forming almost 20% of the total land area of Germany...
announced that the site would soon become the home of the future NS-Dokumentationszentrum (Documentation Centre for the History of National Socialism). In March 2009, Munich Mayor Christian Ude
Christian Ude
Christian Ude is the current mayor of Munich. He is a member of the German Social Democratic Party.Additionally, until 2009 he was a member of the board of directors of the football club TSV 1860 München....
announced that a team of architects from Berlin had won a competition to design the new Third Reich documentation center. Construction on the cube-like structure is set to begin in the spring of 2011.