Lefteye flounders are a family, Bothidae, of flounder

Flounder

The flounder is an ocean-dwelling flatfish species that is found in coastal lagoons and estuaries of the Northern Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.-Taxonomy:There are a number of geographical and taxonomical species to which flounder belong.*Western Atlantic...

s. They are called "lefteye flounders" because most species lie on the sea bottom on their right side, with both eyes on the left side. A helpful reminder when trying to recall the family name for this fish is that "Bothidae eyes are on the same side o' dey head." The family is also distinguished by the presence of spines on the snout and near the eyes.

Lefteye flounders vary considerably in size between species, ranging from 4.5 centimetres (1.8 in) to 1.5 metres (4.9 ft) in length. They include such economically important species as the Japanese halibut.

Species

There are 158 species in twenty genera:

• Genus Arnoglossus
  • Arnoglossus andrewsi (Kurth, 1954).
  • Arabian flounder, Arnoglossus arabicus (Norman, 1939).
  • Arnoglossus armstrongi (Scott, 1975).
  • Spotless lefteye flounder, Arnoglossus aspilos (Bleeker
    Pieter Bleeker
    Pieter Bleeker was a Dutch medical doctor and ichthyologist, famous for his work on the fishes of East Asia – Atlas Ichthyologique des Orientales Neerlandaises – which was published 1862–1877....
    
    , 1851).
  • Bass Strait flounder, Arnoglossus bassensis (Norman, 1926).
  • Arnoglossus boops (Hector, 1875).
  • Brown lefteye flounder, Arnoglossus brunneus (Fowler, 1934).
  • Cape scaldfish, Arnoglossus capensis (Boulenger
    George Albert Boulenger
    George Albert Boulenger FRS was a Belgian-British zoologist who identified over 2000 new animal species, chiefly fish, reptiles and amphibians.-Life:...
    
    , 1898).
  • East coast flounder, Arnoglossus dalgleishi (von Bonde, 1922).
  • Weak lefteye flounder, Arnoglossus debilis (Gilbert, 1905).
  • Long lefteye flounder, Arnoglossus elongatus (Weber, 1913).
  • Fison's lefteye flounder, Arnoglossus fisoni (Ogilby
    William Ogilby
    William Ogilby was an Irish barrister and naturalist.Ogilby was honorary secretary of the Zoological Society of London from 1839 to 1846....
    
    , 1898).
  • Imperial scaldfish, Arnoglossus imperialis (Rafinesque
    Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz
    Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz, as he is known in Europe, was a nineteenth-century polymath who made notable contributions to botany, zoology, the study of prehistoric earthworks in North America and Mesoamerican ancient linguistics.Rafinesque was eccentric, and is often portrayed as an...
    
    , 1810).
  • Japanese lefteye flounder, Arnoglossus japonicus (Hubbs, 1915).
  • Scaldback, Arnoglossus kessleri (Schmidt, 1915).
  • Scaldfish
    Scaldfish
    The scaldfish is a species of bottom feeder benthic fish belonging to the family Bothidae.-Description:Like other species of the order Pleuronectiformes, scaldfish is a flatfish with a body length of 12 to 20 cm...
    
    , Arnoglossus laterna (Walbaum
    Johann Julius Walbaum
    Johann Julius Walbaum was a physician, naturalist and taxonomist. He was the first to describe many previously unknown species from remote parts of the globe, such as the Great Barracuda , the Chum salmon from the Kamchatka River in Siberia, and the curimatá-pacú Johann Julius Walbaum (30 June...
    
    , 1792).
  • Large-crested lefteye flounder, Arnoglossus macrolophus (Alcock
    Alfred William Alcock
    Alfred William Alcock was a British physician naturalist and carcinologist.Alcock was the son of a sea-captain, John Alcock in Bombay, India who retired to live in Blackheath...
    
    , 1889).
  • Arnoglossus marisrubri (Klausewitz & Schneider
    Johann Gottlob Schneider
    Johann Gottlob Theaenus Schneider was a German classicist and naturalist.-Biography:Schneider was born at Collm in Saxony...
    
    , 1986).
  • Arnoglossus micrommatus (Amaoka, Arai & Gomon, 1997).
  • Mueller's flounder, Arnoglossus muelleri (Klunzinger, 1872).
  • Arnoglossus multirastris (Parin, 1983).
  • Arnoglossus nigrifrons (Amaoka & Mihara, 2000).
  • Sharp-snout lefteye flounder, Arnoglossus oxyrhynchus (Amaoka, 1969).
  • Many-spotted lefteye flounder, Arnoglossus polyspilus (Günther, 1880).
  • Rueppell's scaldback, Arnoglossus rueppelii (Cocco, 1844).
  • Arnoglossus sayaensis (Amaoka & Imamura, 1990).
  • Witch
    Witch (lefteye flounder)
    This article is about the Pacific flatfish species. for the Atlantic species see Megrim and Torbay sole.The witch, Arnoglossus scapha, is a lefteye flounder of the family Bothidae, found around China and New Zealand, in waters less than 400 m in depth...
    
    , Arnoglossus scapha (Forster
    Johann Reinhold Forster
    Johann Reinhold Forster was a German Lutheran pastor and naturalist of partial Scottish descent who made contributions to the early ornithology of Europe and North America...
    
    , 1801).
  • Arnoglossus septemventralis (Amaoka & Mihara, 2000).
  • Arnoglossus tapeinosoma (Bleeker
    Pieter Bleeker
    Pieter Bleeker was a Dutch medical doctor and ichthyologist, famous for his work on the fishes of East Asia – Atlas Ichthyologique des Orientales Neerlandaises – which was published 1862–1877....
    
    , 1865).
  • Dwarf lefteye flounder, Arnoglossus tenuis (Günther, 1880).
  • Thor's scaldfish, Arnoglossus thori (Kyle, 1913).
  • Waite's lefteye flounder, Arnoglossus waitei (Norman, 1926).
  • Arnoglossus yamanakai (Fukui, Yamada & Ozawa, 1988).
• Genus Asterorhombus
  • Asterorhombus annulatus (Weber, 1913).
  • Bleeker's flounder, Asterorhombus bleekeri (Macleay, 1881).
  • Angler flatfish, Asterorhombus fijiensis (Norman, 1931).
  • Intermediate flounder, Asterorhombus intermedius (Bleeker
    Pieter Bleeker
    Pieter Bleeker was a Dutch medical doctor and ichthyologist, famous for his work on the fishes of East Asia – Atlas Ichthyologique des Orientales Neerlandaises – which was published 1862–1877....
    
    , 1865).
  • Asterorhombus osculus (Amaoka & Arai, 1998).
• Genus Bothus
  Bothus
  Bothus is a genus of flatfish in the family Bothidae .-Species:* Bothus assimilis * Bothus bleekeri Steindachner, 1861* Bothus constellatus...
  
  
  • Bothus assimilis (Günther, 1862).
  • Pacific eyed flounder, Bothus constellatus (Jordan
    David Starr Jordan
    David Starr Jordan, Ph.D., LL.D. was a leading eugenicist, ichthyologist, educator and peace activist. He was president of Indiana University and Stanford University.-Early life and education:...
    
    , 1889).
  • Bothus ellipticus (Poey
    Felipe Poey
    -Biography:Poey was born in Havana, the son of French and Spanish parents. He spent several years of his life in Pau then studied law in Madrid. He became a lawyer in Spain but was forced to leave due to his liberal ideas, returning to Cuba in 1823. He began to concentrate on the study of the...
    
    , 1860).
  • Guinean flounder, Bothus guibei (Stauch, 1966).
  • Pacific leopard flounder, Bothus leopardinus (Günther, 1862).
  • Plate fish, Bothus lunatus
    Bothus lunatus
    The Plate fish, Bothus lunatus, is a flounder of the genus Bothus, from warmer parts of the Atlantic, including the Caribbean. It is sometimes known as the peacock flounder, leading to easy confusion with the rather similar Bothus mancus from the Indo-Pacific. It occasionally makes its way into the...
    
    (Linnaeus, 1758).
  • Mottled flounder, Bothus maculiferus (Poey
    Felipe Poey
    -Biography:Poey was born in Havana, the son of French and Spanish parents. He spent several years of his life in Pau then studied law in Madrid. He became a lawyer in Spain but was forced to leave due to his liberal ideas, returning to Cuba in 1823. He began to concentrate on the study of the...
    
    , 1860).
  • Flowery flounder, Bothus mancus (Broussonet, 1782).
  • St. Helena flounder, Bothus mellissi (Norman, 1931).
  • Indo-Pacific oval flounder, Bothus myriaster (Temminck
    Coenraad Jacob Temminck
    Coenraad Jacob Temminck was a Dutch aristocrat and zoologist.Temminck was the first director of the National Natural History Museum at Leiden from 1820 until his death. His Manuel d'ornithologie, ou Tableau systematique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe was the standard work on European birds...
    
     & Schlegel
    Hermann Schlegel
    Hermann Schlegel was a German ornithologist and herpetologist.-Early life and education:Schlegel was born at Altenburg, the son of a brassfounder. His father collected butterflies, which stimulated Schlegel's interest in natural history...
    
    , 1846).
  • Eyed flounder, Bothus ocellatus (Günther, 1880).
  • Leopard flounder
    Leopard flounder
    The Leopard flounder is a flatfish found in wide range of the Pacific and Indian Oceans.-Range:Bothus pantherinus is found in the Red Sea and Persian gulf to South Africa, as far as southeast Australia and Japan.-Description:...
    
    , Bothus pantherinus (Rüppell
    Eduard Rüppell
    Wilhelm Peter Eduard Simon Rüppell was a German naturalist and explorer. Rüppell is occasionally transliterated to "Rueppell" for the English alphabet....
    
    , 1830).
  • Wide-eyed flounder, Bothus podas (Delaroche, 1809).
    
  • Twospot flounder, Bothus robinsi
    Bothus robinsi
    The Twospot flounder, Bothus robinsi, is a species of flatfish in the Bothidae family.-References:*Abraham Kobelkowsky, Sexual dimorphism of the flounder Bothus robinsi , Journal of Morphology, Volume 260 Issue 2, Pages 165 - 171....
    
    (Topp & Hoff, 1972).
  • Bothus swio (Hensley, 1997).
  • Bothus tricirrhitus (Kotthaus, 1977).
• Genus Chascanopsetta
  Chascanopsetta
  Chascanopsetta is a genus of flatfish in the family Bothidae found in the Pacific Ocean, the Indian Ocean and to some extent the Atlantic Ocean. It contains eight member species.-Description:...
  
  
  • Chascanopsetta crumenalis (Gilbert & Cramer, 1897).
  • Chascanopsetta elski (Foroshchuk, 1991).
  • Chascanopsetta kenyaensis (Hensley & Smale, 1997).
  • Pelican flounder, Chascanopsetta lugubris (Alcock
    Alfred William Alcock
    Alfred William Alcock was a British physician naturalist and carcinologist.Alcock was the son of a sea-captain, John Alcock in Bombay, India who retired to live in Blackheath...
    
    , 1894).
  • Chascanopsetta megagnatha (Amaoka & Parin, 1990).
  • Chascanopsetta micrognatha (Amaoka & Yamamoto, 1984).
  • Chascanopsetta prognatha (Norman, 1939).
  • Chascanopsetta prorigera (Gilbert, 1905).
• Genus Crossorhombus
  • Blue flounder, Crossorhombus azureus (Alcock
    Alfred William Alcock
    Alfred William Alcock was a British physician naturalist and carcinologist.Alcock was the son of a sea-captain, John Alcock in Bombay, India who retired to live in Blackheath...
    
    , 1889).
  • Lord Howe Island flounder, Crossorhombus howensis (Hensley & Randall, 1993).
  • Crossorhombus kanekonis (Tanaka, 1918).
  • Kobe flounder, Crossorhombus kobensis (Jordan
    David Starr Jordan
    David Starr Jordan, Ph.D., LL.D. was a leading eugenicist, ichthyologist, educator and peace activist. He was president of Indiana University and Stanford University.-Early life and education:...
    
     & Starks, 1906).
  • Broadbrow flounder, Crossorhombus valderostratus (Alcock
    Alfred William Alcock
    Alfred William Alcock was a British physician naturalist and carcinologist.Alcock was the son of a sea-captain, John Alcock in Bombay, India who retired to live in Blackheath...
    
    , 1890).
• Genus Engyophrys
  • Speckled-tail flounder, Engyophrys sanctilaurentii (Jordan
    David Starr Jordan
    David Starr Jordan, Ph.D., LL.D. was a leading eugenicist, ichthyologist, educator and peace activist. He was president of Indiana University and Stanford University.-Early life and education:...
    
     & Bollman, 1890).
  • American spiny flounder, Engyophrys senta (Ginsburg, 1933).
• Genus Engyprosopon
  • Engyprosopon arenicola (Jordan
    David Starr Jordan
    David Starr Jordan, Ph.D., LL.D. was a leading eugenicist, ichthyologist, educator and peace activist. He was president of Indiana University and Stanford University.-Early life and education:...
    
     & Evermann, 1903).
  • Bellona flounder, Engyprosopon bellonaensis (Amaoka, Mihara & Rivaton, 1993).
  • Cocos Island flounder, Engyprosopon cocosensis (Bleeker
    Pieter Bleeker
    Pieter Bleeker was a Dutch medical doctor and ichthyologist, famous for his work on the fishes of East Asia – Atlas Ichthyologique des Orientales Neerlandaises – which was published 1862–1877....
    
    , 1855).
  • Engyprosopon filimanus (Li & Wang, 1982).
  • Engyprosopon filipennis (Wu & Tang, 1935).
  • Largescale flounder, Engyprosopon grandisquama (Temminck
    Coenraad Jacob Temminck
    Coenraad Jacob Temminck was a Dutch aristocrat and zoologist.Temminck was the first director of the National Natural History Museum at Leiden from 1820 until his death. His Manuel d'ornithologie, ou Tableau systematique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe was the standard work on European birds...
    
     & Schlegel
    Hermann Schlegel
    Hermann Schlegel was a German ornithologist and herpetologist.-Early life and education:Schlegel was born at Altenburg, the son of a brassfounder. His father collected butterflies, which stimulated Schlegel's interest in natural history...
    
    , 1846).
  • Engyprosopon hawaiiensis (Jordan
    David Starr Jordan
    David Starr Jordan, Ph.D., LL.D. was a leading eugenicist, ichthyologist, educator and peace activist. He was president of Indiana University and Stanford University.-Early life and education:...
    
     & Evermann, 1903).
  • Engyprosopon hensleyi (Amaoka & Imamura, 1990).
  • Hureau's flounder, Engyprosopon hureaui (Quéro & Golani, 1990).
  • Engyprosopon latifrons (Regan, 1908).
  • Engyprosopon longipelvis (Amaoka, 1969).
  • Long pectoral fin flounder, Engyprosopon longipterum (Amaoka, Mihara & Rivaton, 1993).
  • Engyprosopon macrolepis (Regan, 1908).
  • Olive wide-eyed flounder, Engyprosopon maldivensis (Regan, 1908).
  • Engyprosopon marquisensis (Amaoka & Séret, 2005).
  • Engyprosopon mogkii (Bleeker
    Pieter Bleeker
    Pieter Bleeker was a Dutch medical doctor and ichthyologist, famous for his work on the fishes of East Asia – Atlas Ichthyologique des Orientales Neerlandaises – which was published 1862–1877....
    
    , 1854).
  • Engyprosopon multisquama (Amaoka, 1963).
  • Natal flounder, Engyprosopon natalensis (Regan, 1920).
  • Engyprosopon obliquioculatum (Fowler, 1934).
  • Engyprosopon raoulensis (Amaoka & Mihara, 1995).
  • Engyprosopon regani (Hensley & Suzumoto, 1990).
  • Long snout flounder, Engyprosopon rostratum (Amaoka, Mihara & Rivaton, 1993).
  • Engyprosopon sechellensis (Regan, 1908).
  • Seven pelvic ray flounder, Engyprosopon septempes (Amaoka, Mihara & Rivaton, 1993).
  • Engyprosopon vanuatuensis (Amaoka & Séret, 2005).
  • Engyprosopon xenandrus (Gilbert, 1905).
  • Engyprosopon xystrias (Hubbs, 1915).
• Genus Grammatobothus
  • Krempf's flounder, Grammatobothus krempfi (Chabanaud, 1929).
  • Pennant flounder, Grammatobothus pennatus (Ogilby
    William Ogilby
    William Ogilby was an Irish barrister and naturalist.Ogilby was honorary secretary of the Zoological Society of London from 1839 to 1846....
    
    , 1913).
  • Threespot flounder, Grammatobothus polyophthalmus (Bleeker
    Pieter Bleeker
    Pieter Bleeker was a Dutch medical doctor and ichthyologist, famous for his work on the fishes of East Asia – Atlas Ichthyologique des Orientales Neerlandaises – which was published 1862–1877....
    
    , 1865).
• Genus Japonolaeops
  • Japonolaeops dentatus (Amaoka, 1969).
• Genus Kamoharaia
  • Wide-mouthed flounder, Kamoharaia megastoma (Kamohara, 1936).
• Genus Laeops
  • Clear fin-base flounder, Laeops clarus (Fowler, 1934).
  • Laeops cypho (Fowler, 1934).
  • Philippine slender flounder, Laeops gracilis (Fowler, 1934).
  • Günther's flounder, Laeops guentheri (Alcock
    Alfred William Alcock
    Alfred William Alcock was a British physician naturalist and carcinologist.Alcock was the son of a sea-captain, John Alcock in Bombay, India who retired to live in Blackheath...
    
    , 1890).
  • Laeops kitaharae (Smith & Pope, 1906).
  • Laeops macrophthalmus (Alcock
    Alfred William Alcock
    Alfred William Alcock was a British physician naturalist and carcinologist.Alcock was the son of a sea-captain, John Alcock in Bombay, India who retired to live in Blackheath...
    
    , 1889).
    
  • Khaki flounder, Laeops natalensis (Regan, 1920).
  • Laeops nigrescens (Lloyd, 1907).
  • Blackspotted flounder, Laeops nigromaculatus (von Bonde, 1922).
  • Small headed flounder, Laeops parviceps (Günther, 1880).
  • Longarm flounder, Laeops pectoralis (von Bonde, 1922).
  • Laeops tungkongensis (Chen & Weng, 1965).
• Genus Lophonectes
  • Crested flounder
    Crested flounder
    The Crested flounder, Lophonectes gallus, is a lefteye flounder of the genus Lophonectes, found around south eastern Australia, and New Zealand in waters less than 240 m in depth...
    
    , Lophonectes gallus (Günther, 1880).
  • Lophonectes mongonuiensis (Regan, 1914).
• Genus Monolene
  • Slim flounder, Monolene antillarum (Norman, 1933).
  • Asaedae flounder, Monolene asaedai (Clark, 1936).
  • Monolene atrimana (Goode
    George Brown Goode
    George Brown Goode , was an ichthyologist, although most of his time was spent as a museum administrator and he was very interested in the history of science, especially the history of the development of science in America. Goode graduated from Wesleyan University and studied at Harvard University...
    
     & Bean
    Tarleton Hoffman Bean
    Tarleton Hoffman Bean was an American ichthyologist, born at Bainbridge, Pennsylvania on 8 October 1846. He died in Albany, New York on 28 December 1916.-FAMILY AND EDUCATION :...
    
    , 1886).
    
  • Monolene danae (Bruun, 1937).
  • Acapulco flounder, Monolene dubiosa (Garman, 1899).
  • Monolene helenensis (Amaoka & Imamura, 2000).
  • Pacific deepwater flounder, Monolene maculipinna (Garman, 1899).
  • Monolene megalepis Woods, 1961.
  • Merten's moonflounder, Monolene mertensi (Poll, 1959).
  • Smallmouth moonflounder, Monolene microstoma (Kuronuma, 1940).
  • Deepwater flounder, Monolene sessilicauda (Goode
    George Brown Goode
    George Brown Goode , was an ichthyologist, although most of his time was spent as a museum administrator and he was very interested in the history of science, especially the history of the development of science in America. Goode graduated from Wesleyan University and studied at Harvard University...
    
    , 1880).
    
• Genus Neolaeops
  • Crosseyed flounder, Neolaeops microphthalmus (von Bonde, 1922).
• Genus Parabothus
  • Parabothus amaokai (Parin, 1983).
  • Parabothus budkeri (Chabanaud, 1943).
  • Parabothus chlorospilus (Gilbert, 1905).
  • Parabothus coarctatus (Gilbert, 1905).
  • Parabothus filipes (Amaoka, Mihara & Rivaton, 1997).
  • Parabothus kiensis (Tanaka, 1918).
  • Parabothus malhensis (Regan, 1908).
  • Manyscaled flounder, Parabothus polylepis (Alcock
    Alfred William Alcock
    Alfred William Alcock was a British physician naturalist and carcinologist.Alcock was the son of a sea-captain, John Alcock in Bombay, India who retired to live in Blackheath...
    
    , 1889).
  • Parabothus taiwanensis (Amaoka & Shen, 1993).
• Genus Perissias
  • Striped-fin flounder, Perissias taeniopterus (Gilbert, 1890).
• Genus Psettina
  • Psettina brevirictis (Alcock
    Alfred William Alcock
    Alfred William Alcock was a British physician naturalist and carcinologist.Alcock was the son of a sea-captain, John Alcock in Bombay, India who retired to live in Blackheath...
    
    , 1890).
  • Psettina filimana (Li & Wang, 1982).
  • Rough-scaled flounder, Psettina gigantea (Amaoka, 1963).
  • Psettina hainanensis (Wu & Tang, 1935).
  • Psettina iijimae (Jordan
    David Starr Jordan
    David Starr Jordan, Ph.D., LL.D. was a leading eugenicist, ichthyologist, educator and peace activist. He was president of Indiana University and Stanford University.-Early life and education:...
    
     & Starks, 1904).
  • Psettina multisquamea (Fedorov & Foroshchuk, 1988).
  • Psettina profunda (Weber, 1913).
  • Psettina senta (Ginsburg, 1933).
  • Psettina tosana (Amaoka, 1963).
  • Psettina variegata (Fowler, 1934).
• Genus Taeniopsetta
  • Indo-Pacific ocellated flounder, Taeniopsetta ocellata (Günther, 1880).
  • Taeniopsetta radula (Gilbert, 1905).
• Genus Tosarhombus
  • Tosarhombus brevis (Amaoka, Mihara & Rivaton, 1997).
  • Tosarhombus longimanus (Amaoka, Mihara & Rivaton, 1997).
  • Tosarhombus neocaledonicus (Amaoka & Rivaton, 1991).
  • Tosarhombus nielseni (Amaoka & Rivaton, 1991).
    
  • Tosarhombus octoculatus (Amaoka, 1969).
  • Tosarhombus smithi (Nielsen, 1964).
• Genus Trichopsetta
  • Caribbean flounder, Trichopsetta caribbaea (Anderson & Gutherz, 1967).
  • Trichopsetta melasma (Anderson & Gutherz, 1967).
  • Trichopsetta orbisulcus (Anderson & Gutherz, 1967).
  • Sash flounder, Trichopsetta ventralis (Goode
    George Brown Goode
    George Brown Goode , was an ichthyologist, although most of his time was spent as a museum administrator and he was very interested in the history of science, especially the history of the development of science in America. Goode graduated from Wesleyan University and studied at Harvard University...
    
     & Bean
    Tarleton Hoffman Bean
    Tarleton Hoffman Bean was an American ichthyologist, born at Bainbridge, Pennsylvania on 8 October 1846. He died in Albany, New York on 28 December 1916.-FAMILY AND EDUCATION :...
    
    , 1885).