Bima
Encyclopedia
Bima is a city on the eastern coast of the island Sumbawa
in central Indonesia
's province West Nusa Tenggara
, and the largest city on the island. In 2010 the municipality counted some 142,443 people, separate from (but surrounded by) the adjoining Regency of Bima
with 407,636 population. The city is located on eastern shore of Bima bay, traditionally Bima was a port city that connected to other port cities in Eastern Indonesia such as Makassar
and Ternate
, as well as to ports in Lombok
, Bali
, and East Java. The people of Bima and the entire eastern side of Sumbawa speak what is known as Bahasa Bima Bima language
or Nggahi Mbojo in native language. Modern day Bima is the largest regional and economic hub of Eastern Sumbawa with transmigrants from other parts of Indonesia, especially Java, Bali, and Lombok. It has a central downtown commercial zone. It is home to Sultan Salahuddin mosque and a Sultan Salahuddin museum (former Bima Sultanate palace). It is connected by provincial road to Dompu and Sape
.
and Dompu, except a group of people which is considered by term 'Bimanese' but speaks in more different language or dialects called dou Sambori (dou means people). While the nowadays Bimanese is the mixture of local inhabilants and the seafarers and transmigrants of Bugis
people who came on the first time of Sultanate of Bima.
On the earliest era around 10 AD, the area was consist of fives groups of protectorate, called by Ncuhi. The fives Ncuhis were administrated and controlled different area, but coordinated among of them. The area was divided by the location of the protectorate, the Ncuhi Wera in the North, Ncuhi Bangga Pupa in the South, Ncuhi Bolo in the west, Ncuhi Sape inthe east and Ncuhi Dawra in the central part. All of these protectorates were united while Sang Bima, a Kind from Medang Kingdom came and were reigned by all of procterorated as the first King of Bima Kingdom.
The earliest document mentioning about the kingdom of Bima was found in 14th century Majapahit script of Nagarakretagama
. Bima was the eponymous capital of the Sultanate of Bima (:id:Kesultanan Bima), which seceded after Islamisation in the early 17th century to an ancient Hindu kingdom on the eastern seaboard of the island of Sumbawa.
Only in 1792 the Dutch persuaded Sultan 'Abdu'l Hamid Muhammad Shah to sign a definitive contract, making Bima a protectorate
, first of the VOC
(indirect rule by charter company
) and later of the Dutch Indies, but the colonial hand weighed lighter than in most Indonesian princely state
s.
harbour in the east and Dompu in Southwest all the way to Sumbawa Besar
and Taliwang in the western part of Sumbawa. Bus services connected Bima to other neighboring cities in Sumbawa as far as Mataram
in Lombok
are available. Air transportation is served through Sultan Salahuddin Airport
in southern outskirt of Bima by Merpati Nusantara Airlines
and Wings Air
to Denpasar
and Surabaya
.
, Wawo traditional Village, Snake Island, Ana fari Lake (Lake of the angels) or Satonda Island. There are many of white-sandy beaches in the south and northern part of Bima, which have a beautiful scene, but still rare to visit. Bima only has modest tourism accommodations, such as melati class hotels and restaurants. The city's main attraction is the Sultan Salahuddin mosque and Sultan Salahuddin museum (former Bima Sultanate palace). Bima is usually served as the air-hub for domestic and foreign visitors that are more attracted to visit Hu'u beach for surfing
or Tambora
volcano for hiking
.
Sumbawa
Sumbawa is an Indonesian island, located in the middle of the Lesser Sunda Islands chain, with Lombok to the west, Flores to the east, and Sumba further to the southeast. It is in the province of West Nusa Tenggara....
in central Indonesia
Indonesia
Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
's province West Nusa Tenggara
West Nusa Tenggara
West Nusa Tenggara is a province in south-central Indonesia. The province encompasses the western portion of the Lesser Sunda Islands, except for Bali as the Wallace line running the length of the Lombok Strait forms the western boundary of the province....
, and the largest city on the island. In 2010 the municipality counted some 142,443 people, separate from (but surrounded by) the adjoining Regency of Bima
Bima Regency
Bima Regency is a division of the Indonesian Province of West Nusa Tenggara. It is located on the island of Sumbawa and the capital is Woha, and it completely surrounds Bima City ....
with 407,636 population. The city is located on eastern shore of Bima bay, traditionally Bima was a port city that connected to other port cities in Eastern Indonesia such as Makassar
Makassar
Makassar, is the provincial capital of South Sulawesi, Indonesia, and the largest city on Sulawesi Island. From 1971 to 1999, the city was named Ujung Pandang, after a precolonial fort in the city, and the two names are often used interchangeably...
and Ternate
Ternate
Ternate is an island in the Maluku Islands of eastern Indonesia. It is located off the west coast of the larger island of Halmahera, the center of the powerful former Sultanate of Ternate....
, as well as to ports in Lombok
Lombok
Lombok is an island in West Nusa Tenggara province, Indonesia. It forms part of the chain of the Lesser Sunda Islands, with the Lombok Strait separating it from Bali to the west and the Alas Strait between it and Sumbawa to the east...
, Bali
Bali
Bali is an Indonesian island located in the westernmost end of the Lesser Sunda Islands, lying between Java to the west and Lombok to the east...
, and East Java. The people of Bima and the entire eastern side of Sumbawa speak what is known as Bahasa Bima Bima language
Bima language
The Bima language, or Bimanese, is the language of the eastern half of Sumbawa Island, Indonesia, which it shares with the Sumbawa language. Bima territory includes the Sanggar Peninsula, where the extinct Papuan language Tambora was once spoken. It is closely related to the languages of Sumba...
or Nggahi Mbojo in native language. Modern day Bima is the largest regional and economic hub of Eastern Sumbawa with transmigrants from other parts of Indonesia, especially Java, Bali, and Lombok. It has a central downtown commercial zone. It is home to Sultan Salahuddin mosque and a Sultan Salahuddin museum (former Bima Sultanate palace). It is connected by provincial road to Dompu and Sape
Sape
Sape is a genus of skippers in the family Hesperiidae.-References:*...
.
History
The first people on the island is considered habitated the west coast of Bima Bay, where nowadays found a craved cave in Donggo Village called Sowa. Based on the Bimananese note called by 'Bo', the earliest inhabitants on the east part of the island was called by dou donggo people(which literally means people who live in highland, or far away land', which was consist of two groups, the donngo ipa (is the west coast of Bima Bay, which is now part of Donggo subdistict of Bima regency) and donggo ele (now is situated around wawo, a mountainous subdistrict of Bima Regency). At current time, the inhabitants on both are speak in the same language as entire land of BimaBima
Bima is a city on the eastern coast of the island Sumbawa in central Indonesia's province West Nusa Tenggara, and the largest city on the island. In 2010 the municipality counted some 142,443 people, separate from the adjoining Regency of Bima with 407,636 population...
and Dompu, except a group of people which is considered by term 'Bimanese' but speaks in more different language or dialects called dou Sambori (dou means people). While the nowadays Bimanese is the mixture of local inhabilants and the seafarers and transmigrants of Bugis
Bugis
The Bugis are the most numerous of the three major linguistic and ethnic groups of South Sulawesi, the southwestern province of Sulawesi, Indonesia's third largest island. Although many Bugis live in the large port cities of Makassar and Parepare, the majority are farmers who grow wet rice on the...
people who came on the first time of Sultanate of Bima.
On the earliest era around 10 AD, the area was consist of fives groups of protectorate, called by Ncuhi. The fives Ncuhis were administrated and controlled different area, but coordinated among of them. The area was divided by the location of the protectorate, the Ncuhi Wera in the North, Ncuhi Bangga Pupa in the South, Ncuhi Bolo in the west, Ncuhi Sape inthe east and Ncuhi Dawra in the central part. All of these protectorates were united while Sang Bima, a Kind from Medang Kingdom came and were reigned by all of procterorated as the first King of Bima Kingdom.
The earliest document mentioning about the kingdom of Bima was found in 14th century Majapahit script of Nagarakretagama
Nagarakretagama
The Nagarakretagama or Nagarakrtagama, also known as Desawarnana, is an Old Javanese eulogy to Hayam Wuruk, a Javanese king and the monarch of the Majapahit Empire. It was written as a kakawin by Mpu Prapanca in 1365 . The Nagarakretagama contains detailed descriptions of the Majapahit Empire...
. Bima was the eponymous capital of the Sultanate of Bima (:id:Kesultanan Bima), which seceded after Islamisation in the early 17th century to an ancient Hindu kingdom on the eastern seaboard of the island of Sumbawa.
Only in 1792 the Dutch persuaded Sultan 'Abdu'l Hamid Muhammad Shah to sign a definitive contract, making Bima a protectorate
Protectorate
In history, the term protectorate has two different meanings. In its earliest inception, which has been adopted by modern international law, it is an autonomous territory that is protected diplomatically or militarily against third parties by a stronger state or entity...
, first of the VOC
Dutch East India Company
The Dutch East India Company was a chartered company established in 1602, when the States-General of the Netherlands granted it a 21-year monopoly to carry out colonial activities in Asia...
(indirect rule by charter company
Charter Company
The Charter Company of Jacksonville, Florida was a conglomerate with more than 180 subsidiaries that was in the Fortune 500 for 11 years beginning in 1974 and ranked 61st in 1984 before it sought bankruptcy protection in late 1984 and spiraled into obscurity....
) and later of the Dutch Indies, but the colonial hand weighed lighter than in most Indonesian princely state
Princely state
A Princely State was a nominally sovereign entitity of British rule in India that was not directly governed by the British, but rather by an Indian ruler under a form of indirect rule such as suzerainty or paramountcy.-British relationship with the Princely States:India under the British Raj ...
s.
Transportation
Bima is connected through trans Sumbawa road to SapeSape
Sape is a genus of skippers in the family Hesperiidae.-References:*...
harbour in the east and Dompu in Southwest all the way to Sumbawa Besar
Sumbawa Besar
Sumbawa Besar is one of the most populated towns beside Bima and Dompu in the Indonesian island of Sumbawa. It is the capital city of the island and of the Sumbawa Regency of the province of West Nusa Tenggara.- Name :...
and Taliwang in the western part of Sumbawa. Bus services connected Bima to other neighboring cities in Sumbawa as far as Mataram
Mataram (city)
Mataram is the capital of the Province of West Nusa Tenggara . The city is situated within Lombok Barat Regency and lies on the western side of the island of Lombok, Indonesia...
in Lombok
Lombok
Lombok is an island in West Nusa Tenggara province, Indonesia. It forms part of the chain of the Lesser Sunda Islands, with the Lombok Strait separating it from Bali to the west and the Alas Strait between it and Sumbawa to the east...
are available. Air transportation is served through Sultan Salahuddin Airport
Bima Airport
Bima Airport , also known as Muhammad Salahuddin Airport, is an airport located in southern outskirt of Bima, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia.- Airlines and destinations :...
in southern outskirt of Bima by Merpati Nusantara Airlines
Merpati Nusantara Airlines
Merpati Nusantara Airlines is a commuter airline based in Central Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia. It is a major domestic airline operating scheduled services to more than 25 destinations in Indonesia, as well as scheduled international services to East Timor and Malaysia. Its main base is...
and Wings Air
Wings Air
Wings Abadi Airlines, usually shortened to Wings Air, is a scheduled commuter passenger airline based in Jakarta, Indonesia, operating out of Soekarno-Hatta International Airport...
to Denpasar
Denpasar
Denpasar is the capital city of the province of Bali, Indonesia. It has a rapidly expanding population of 788,445 in 2010, up from 533,252 in the previous decade. It is located at .-History:...
and Surabaya
Surabaya
Surabaya is Indonesia's second-largest city with a population of over 2.7 million , and the capital of the province of East Java...
.
Tourism
Bima has several well-known tourism objects, such as Mount TamboraMount Tambora
Mount Tambora is an active stratovolcano, also known as a composite volcano, on the island of Sumbawa, Indonesia. Sumbawa is flanked both to the north and south by oceanic crust, and Tambora was formed by the active subduction zone beneath it. This raised Mount Tambora as high as , making it...
, Wawo traditional Village, Snake Island, Ana fari Lake (Lake of the angels) or Satonda Island. There are many of white-sandy beaches in the south and northern part of Bima, which have a beautiful scene, but still rare to visit. Bima only has modest tourism accommodations, such as melati class hotels and restaurants. The city's main attraction is the Sultan Salahuddin mosque and Sultan Salahuddin museum (former Bima Sultanate palace). Bima is usually served as the air-hub for domestic and foreign visitors that are more attracted to visit Hu'u beach for surfing
Surfing
Surfing' is a surface water sport in which the surfer rides a surfboard on the crest and face of a wave which is carrying the surfer towards the shore...
or Tambora
Mount Tambora
Mount Tambora is an active stratovolcano, also known as a composite volcano, on the island of Sumbawa, Indonesia. Sumbawa is flanked both to the north and south by oceanic crust, and Tambora was formed by the active subduction zone beneath it. This raised Mount Tambora as high as , making it...
volcano for hiking
Hiking
Hiking is an outdoor activity which consists of walking in natural environments, often in mountainous or other scenic terrain. People often hike on hiking trails. It is such a popular activity that there are numerous hiking organizations worldwide. The health benefits of different types of hiking...
.
Sources, References and External links
- http://www.bimacenter.com/
- http://www.bimatourism.com/
- RoyalArk- Indonesia- Bima
- Bima Wordlist at the Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database
Further reading
- Abdurrazak daeng Patunru, Sedjarah Goa. Jajasan Kebudajaen Sulawesi Selatan dan Tenggara, Makassar, 1967.
- D.F.van Braam Morris, "Nota van toelichting behoorende bij het contract gesloten met het Landschap Bima op den 20sten October 1886". Tijdschrift voor Indische Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde uitgegeven door het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen. Deel XXXIV, pp. 176–233. Batavia, 1891.
- Henri Chambert-Loir. Ceritera Asal Bangsa Jin dan Segala Dewa-Dewa, Ecole française d'Extrême-Orient, Bandung, Angkasa, 1985.
- Henri Chambert-Loir and Siti Maryam R. Salahuddin, Bo' Sangaji Kai: Catatan Kerajaan Bima. Ecole française d'Extrême-Orient/Yayasan Obor Indonesia, Jakarta, 1999.
- A. Ligtvoet, "Transcriptie van de Lontara-Bilang of het Dagboek der Vorsten van Gowa en Tello", Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch-Indië, Vierde Volgreeks, Vierde Deel - 1e stuk. Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, The Hague, 1880. pages 1–259.
- Dr S.W.R. Mulyadi and H.Siti Maryam R. Salahuddin, SH. Bandar Bima. Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan …, 1993.
- Dr S.W.R. Mulyadi and H.Siti Maryam R. Salahuddin, SH. Katalogus Naskah Melayu Bima. Yayasan Museum Kepudayaan "Samparaja" Bima, 1990.
- J. Noorduyn, Bima en Sumbawa: Bijdragen tot de geschiedenis van de sultanen Bima en Sumbawa door A. Ligtvoet en G.P. Rouffaer. Foris Publications, Dordrecht-Holland, 1987.
- J. Noorduyn, "Makasar and the Islamization of Bima". Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch-Indië. Uitgegeven door het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, part 143, pp. 312–342.