Besnoitiosis
Encyclopedia
Besnoitiosis is "a protozoa
n disease of the skin, subcutis, blood vessels, mucous membranes, and other tissues" of animals. It "is endemic in tropical and sub-tropical regions with high infection rate but low mortality," however it is rare in other regions.
The causative organisms of the cutaneous disease, and the affected animals include:
Protozoa
Protozoa are a diverse group of single-cells eukaryotic organisms, many of which are motile. Throughout history, protozoa have been defined as single-cell protists with animal-like behavior, e.g., movement...
n disease of the skin, subcutis, blood vessels, mucous membranes, and other tissues" of animals. It "is endemic in tropical and sub-tropical regions with high infection rate but low mortality," however it is rare in other regions.
The causative organisms of the cutaneous disease, and the affected animals include:
- Besnoitia besnoitiBesnoitia besnoitiBesnoitia besnoiti is an important parasite that can afflict livestock. In particular, cattle are vulnerable to B. besnoiti....
in cattleCattleCattle are the most common type of large domesticated ungulates. They are a prominent modern member of the subfamily Bovinae, are the most widespread species of the genus Bos, and are most commonly classified collectively as Bos primigenius...
(swelling of the lymph nodes, subcutaneous swellings, diarrhea, abortion and infertility) - Besnoitia bennettiBesnoitia bennettiBesnoitia bennetti is an important parasite that can afflict livestock. In particular, donkeys are vulnerable to B. benetti....
in horseHorseThe horse is one of two extant subspecies of Equus ferus, or the wild horse. It is a single-hooved mammal belonging to the taxonomic family Equidae. The horse has evolved over the past 45 to 55 million years from a small multi-toed creature into the large, single-toed animal of today...
s and donkeyDonkeyThe donkey or ass, Equus africanus asinus, is a domesticated member of the Equidae or horse family. The wild ancestor of the donkey is the African Wild Ass, E...
s (characterized by a widespread, serious dermatitis) - Besnoitia jellisoni and B. wallacei in rodentRodentRodentia is an order of mammals also known as rodents, characterised by two continuously growing incisors in the upper and lower jaws which must be kept short by gnawing....
s - Besnoitia tarandiBesnoitia tarandiBesnoitia tarandi is a single-celled parasite that afflicts reindeer.The Beltsville Agricultural Research Center in collaboration with a Finnish University studied Besnoitia tarandi tissue cysts from infected reindeer....
in reindeerReindeerThe reindeer , also known as the caribou in North America, is a deer from the Arctic and Subarctic, including both resident and migratory populations. While overall widespread and numerous, some of its subspecies are rare and one has already gone extinct.Reindeer vary considerably in color and size...
and caribou - Besnoitia darlingi in lizardLizardLizards are a widespread group of squamate reptiles, with nearly 3800 species, ranging across all continents except Antarctica as well as most oceanic island chains...
s, opossums, and snakeSnakeSnakes are elongate, legless, carnivorous reptiles of the suborder Serpentes that can be distinguished from legless lizards by their lack of eyelids and external ears. Like all squamates, snakes are ectothermic, amniote vertebrates covered in overlapping scales...
s - Besnoitia sauriana in lizards
- Viscerotropic strains of B.besnoitiBesnoitia besnoitiBesnoitia besnoiti is an important parasite that can afflict livestock. In particular, cattle are vulnerable to B. besnoiti....
in African antelope - An unidentified BesnoitiaBesnoitiaBesnoitia is a genus of Apicomplexan parasite.- Life cycle :The life cycle of many of the species in this genus are not known but it's probably complex with various intermediate hosts and many vectors...
species in goatGoatThe domestic goat is a subspecies of goat domesticated from the wild goat of southwest Asia and Eastern Europe. The goat is a member of the Bovidae family and is closely related to the sheep as both are in the goat-antelope subfamily Caprinae. There are over three hundred distinct breeds of...
s in IranIranIran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran , is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran" has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia...
, New ZealandNew ZealandNew Zealand is an island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses and numerous smaller islands. The country is situated some east of Australia across the Tasman Sea, and roughly south of the Pacific island nations of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga...
, and KenyaKenyaKenya , officially known as the Republic of Kenya, is a country in East Africa that lies on the equator, with the Indian Ocean to its south-east...