Bavarian People's Uprising
Encyclopedia
The Bavarian People's Uprising, or Bavarian Popular Uprising (German: Bayerische Volkserhebung) is the name of a revolt in 1705-06 against the Austrian occupation during the War of Spanish Succession (1701–1714). It lasted from early November 1705 to 18 January 1706, approximately 75 days. Henric L. Wuermeling speaks of this as "the first revolution
Revolution
A revolution is a fundamental change in power or organizational structures that takes place in a relatively short period of time.Aristotle described two types of political revolution:...

 of modern history."

Background

By the outbreak of the War of the Spanish Succession
War of the Spanish Succession
The War of the Spanish Succession was fought among several European powers, including a divided Spain, over the possible unification of the Kingdoms of Spain and France under one Bourbon monarch. As France and Spain were among the most powerful states of Europe, such a unification would have...

 in 1701, Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria
Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria
Maximilian II , also known as Max Emanuel or Maximilian Emanuel, was a Wittelsbach ruler of Bavaria and an elector of the Holy Roman Empire. He was also the last Governor of the Spanish Netherlands and duke of Luxembourg...

 had developed a plan for the Wittelsbachs to supplant the Habsburgs as Holy Roman Emperors. Allying himself with the French
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...

 against the Habsburgs, his plans were frustrated by the disastrous defeat at the Battle of Blenheim
Battle of Blenheim
The Battle of Blenheim , fought on 13 August 1704, was a major battle of the War of the Spanish Succession. Louis XIV of France sought to knock Emperor Leopold out of the war by seizing Vienna, the Habsburg capital, and gain a favourable peace settlement...

 in 1704. Following his defeat, he evacuated his court to the Netherlands, and left Bavaria to the victorious Austrians. While Bavaria was occupied by troops of the emperor Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor
Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor
Joseph I , Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia, King of Hungary, King of the Romans was the elder son of Emperor Leopold I and his third wife, Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg....

 the Bavarian people rose up against the Imperial occupation.

The uprising

The popular uprising, included large areas of Lower Bavaria
Lower Bavaria
Lower Bavaria is one of the seven administrative regions of Bavaria, Germany, located in the east of the state.- Geography :Lower Bavaria is subdivided into two regions - Landshut and Donau-Wald. Recent election results mark it as the most conservative part of Germany, generally giving huge...

, the Innviertel
Innviertel
The Innviertel is a traditional Austrian region south-east of the Inn river. It forms the western part of the state of Upper Austria and borders the German state of Bavaria...

 and eastern Bavaria
Bavaria
Bavaria, formally the Free State of Bavaria is a state of Germany, located in the southeast of Germany. With an area of , it is the largest state by area, forming almost 20% of the total land area of Germany...

. In these lands adjoining towns and strongholds were captured by the rebels and the peasant uprising spread to the Bavarian Forest, parts of the Upper Palatinate
Upper Palatinate
The Upper Palatinate is one of the seven administrative regions of Bavaria, Germany, located in the east of Bavaria.- History :The region took its name first in the early 16th century, because it was by the Treaty of Pavia one of the main portions of the territory of the Wittelsbach Elector...

 and Kelheim
Kelheim
Kelheim is a municipality in Bavaria, capital of the district Kelheim. It is situated at the confluence of Altmühl and Danube. As of June 30, 2005, the town had a population of 15,667....

 on the Danube
Danube
The Danube is a river in the Central Europe and the Europe's second longest river after the Volga. It is classified as an international waterway....

. A Braunau Parliament meeting was held in December 1705 in the then-Bavarian Braunau
Braunau am Inn
Braunau am Inn is a town in the Innviertel region of Upper Austria , the north-western state of Austria. It lies about 90 km west of Linz and about 60 km north of Salzburg, on the border with the German state of Bavaria. The population in 2001 was 16,372...

.

Following the initial uprising in November 1705 there was little response from the Austrians for nearly two months. However, this changed following an attempt by the rebels to capture the city of Munich
Munich
Munich The city's motto is "" . Before 2006, it was "Weltstadt mit Herz" . Its native name, , is derived from the Old High German Munichen, meaning "by the monks' place". The city's name derives from the monks of the Benedictine order who founded the city; hence the monk depicted on the city's coat...

. Following their unsuccessful attack, in the night of 25 December 1705 an Austrian column encountered the peasant army near Sendling
Sendling
Sendling is a borough of Munich. It is located south-west of the city centre and spans of the city boroughs Sendling and Sendling-Westpark. Sendling is sub-divided into Obersendling, Mittersendling and Untersendling...

 outside of Munich. This battle was known as the Sendlinger Mordweihnacht or the Sendling Christmas Day Massacre. The insurgents from the Bavarian Oberland were defeated and completely routed by Emperor Joseph I's troops. The number of deaths on the Bavarian side in this battle is estimated at around 1,100 men, while the Austrians lost about 40. Some of the insurgents were killed after they had already surrendered. About two weeks later, on 8 January 1706, the Battle of Aidenbach ended with the utter defeat of the insurgents and about 4,000 casualties on the Bavarian side. This led to the collapse of the uprising against Austria.

End of the uprising

On 11 January 1706, a delegation from the insurrection traveled to Salzburg
Salzburg
-Population development:In 1935, the population significantly increased when Salzburg absorbed adjacent municipalities. After World War II, numerous refugees found a new home in the city. New residential space was created for American soldiers of the postwar Occupation, and could be used for...

 for peace negotiations. The delegation included Mayor Dürnhardt, Freiherr
Freiherr
The German titles Freiherr and Freifrau and Freiin are titles of nobility, used preceding a person's given name or, after 1919, before the surname...

 von Paumgarten and von Prielmayr, Mayor Georg Ludwig Harter of Burghausen
Burghausen, Altötting
Burghausen is the largest city in the Altötting district of Oberbayern in Germany. It is situated on the Salzach river, near the border with Austria. Its castle, atop a ridge, is the longest castle in Europe .- History :...

 and the farmer Franz Nagelstätter. On 13 January 1706 the city of Schärding
Schärding
Schärding is a town in northern Upper Austria, Austria, capital of the district of the same name, and a major port on the Inn River. As of 2001, it has a population of 5,052. Historically it was owned by the Wittelsbach family, which reflects on the town's architecture...

 surrendered, followed on the 16th by Cham, on the 17th by Braunau and on the 18th, the last city, Burghausen surrendered.

Leaders of the uprising

A "list of the ringleaders of the peasant uprising" included 15 names or descriptions.
  1. "The Butcher of Höchenwarth, called Khurtz" today: the village of Hohenwart at Emmerting
    Emmerting
    Emmerting is a municipality in the district of Altötting in Bavaria in Germany.-History:The first settler in Emmerting was a farmer, who built a farmhouse there....

    , Altötting district
    Altötting (district)
    Altötting is a district in Bavaria, Germany. It is bounded by Austria and the Bavarian districts of Traunstein, Mühldorf and Rottal-Inn.- History :...

    .
  2. "The host's son Engelsperg also from the Market town of Düssling" today: Engelsberg
    Engelsberg
    Engelsberg Ironworks is an ironworks in Ängelsberg, a village in Fagersta Municipality in Västmanland, Sweden. It was built in 1681 by Per Larsson Gyllenhöök and developed into one of the world's most modern ironworks in the period 1700-1800. It is listed as a UNESCO world heritage site since...

    , Traunstein, and Tüßling
    Tüßling
    Tüßling is a town in the district of Altötting in Bavaria in Germany....

    , Altötting district.
  3. "Würth from Schilting", presumably: Shield in Thurn 84,367 Zeilarn
    Zeilarn
    Zeilarn is a municipality in the district of Rottal-Inn in Bavaria, Germany....

    , Rottal-Inn
    Rottal-Inn
    Rottal-Inn is a Kreis in the southeastern part of Bavaria, Germany. Neighboring districts are Altötting, Mühldorf, Landshut, Dingolfing-Landau and Passau...

     district
  4. "Würth from Hürsching", presumably: Hirschhorn, now part of Wurmannsquick
    Wurmannsquick
    Wurmannsquick is a municipality in the district of Rottal-Inn in Bavaria in Germany....

    , Rottal-Inn district
  5. "Würth from Imb", Ibm village Eggelsberg
    Eggelsberg
    Eggelsberg is a municipality in the district Braunau am Inn in Upper Austria, Austria.It includes the Katastralgemeinden Gundertshausen, Heimhausen, Haselreith and Ibm.-References:...

    , district of Braunau am Inn
    Braunau am Inn
    Braunau am Inn is a town in the Innviertel region of Upper Austria , the north-western state of Austria. It lies about 90 km west of Linz and about 60 km north of Salzburg, on the border with the German state of Bavaria. The population in 2001 was 16,372...

     in Austria
  6. "The so-called old Hofpaur of Wuehrlach" today: near Braunau am Inn in Austria
  7. "The court Kriessbach Naglstetter in Braunau," today: Kriebach in Hochburg-Ach
    Hochburg-Ach
    Hochburg-Ach is a municipality in the district Braunau am Inn in Upper Austria, Austria.-References:...

    , district of Braunau, Austria
  8. "(Ingleichen) of rottpaartete Schwaiger, court Braunau", also: Hochburg-Ach, district of Braunau, Austria
  9. Schiennkhhueber to Mitterndorf Court Braunau ", today: Mitterndorf in Hochburg-Ach, district of Braunau, Austria
  10. "The stronghold of Neuhauser Court Braunau", today: stronghold in Hochburg-Ach, district of Braunau, Austria
  11. "The so-called Maindlsperger dess Ambt Eggelsperg" today: Eggelsberg, district of Braunau, Austria
  12. "The Plündtgannser gewester Congress Secretary in Braunau", actually: Georg Sebastian Plinganser of Postmünster
    Postmünster
    Postmünster is a municipality in the district of Rottal-Inn in Bavaria, Germany.-References:...

    , Rottal-Inn district
  13. "The main rebel Meindl sambt of the Würth Schweigsroidt", actually: Johann Georg Meindl from Weng im Innkreis
    Weng im Innkreis
    Weng im Innkreis is a municipality in the district Braunau am Inn in Upper Austria, Austria.-References:...

    , district of Braunau, Austria.
  14. "The geweste Comissari Fux", actually: Giles Matthias Fuchs
  15. "Hoffmann", actually: Johann Hoffmann, born in Pleystein
    Pleystein
    Pleystein is a municipality in the district of Neustadt , in Bavaria, Germany. It is situated 18 km east of Weiden in der Oberpfalz, and 11 km west of Rozvadov....

    , Upper Palatinate, but at the beginning of the Bavarian uprising, settled in Tann
    Tann, Bavaria
    Tann is a municipality in the district of Rottal-Inn in Bavaria, Germany. It has about 4 thousand inhabitants and is only 15 km from the corner of Austria away. The historic marketplace is one of the most beautiful in the whole region....

    , Rottal-Inn district.
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