Battle of Hallue
Encyclopedia
The Battle of Hallue was a battle of the Franco-Prussian War
on December 23 and 24, 1870.
The battle was fought between 40,000 French
under General Louis Faidherbe
and 22,500 Prussia
n troops under Edwin Freiherr von Manteuffel
. The French lost heavily in the village lying in front of their position. However, the Prussians were unable to carry the entrenchments on the heights. After the attack was repulsed, the French assumed the offensive, but with no decisive result. One thousand French soldiers were killed, and 1,300 were imprisoned. About 927 German troops were killed and wounded.
, on September 27, 1870 and its occupation by the Prussian Army, the French Northern Army, falls back towards Doullens
and Bapaume
to built it up its strength again. It receives fresh supply of troops, allowing to turn out three Divisions.
General Faidherbe, lately entrusted with the command of this Army, gives at once guiding rules and orders. He sends general Lecointe towards Saint-Quentin
with mission to act on the Haute Somme. Four battalions, including one of light-infantry and a battery of 4, succeed, on September 9, in taking possession of Ham and its fortress. Faifherbe, coming on the place, gives order to withdraw an go towards Amiens.
On December 17, the Northern Army, regrouped, comes settling to the Hallue valley from Bavelincourt
to Daours
. The troops (about 43000 men) are divided into two Army Corps :
These troops are billeting in all the villages of the valley and outposts settled on a line passing through the woods of Saint-Gratien, Allonville and Querrieu (La Gorgue).
village.
Reaching the La Gorgue wood skirt, the party knocks against a French outpost and, sustained by its artillery, joins a lengthy battle.
Two French battalions strenuously fight back, so much that general Du Dessol launches three companies coming from Bussy-lès-Daours
to the right flank of the enemy who is constrained to a withdrawal towards the Alençons farm, then to Amiens.
In this battle Prussians lose 3 officers and 69 men killed or wounded ; French casualties are of 7 dead and 20 wounded.
French dispositions remain unchanged.
The battle is going to stretche out a front line of 12 kilometres wide and 4 to 5 kilometres deep, on a snow covered ground and an icy temperature increased by a wind blowing from the north.
The Prussians are using the Dreize
created in 1848, breech-loading gun, with paper cartridges and 15 millimetres bullets.
The Prussians are using Krupp
breech-loading cannons and shrapnel shells.
The 15th Division has received order to reject French troops beyond the Hallue river, but not to venture on the left bank until the effect of an outflanking motion of the 16th Division, more on the north, will be felt. Therefore, the 15th Division moves towards Allonville
, followed by three horse field artillery and artillery corps, then turns to Querrieu. French outposts withdraw to the river, giving the alarm to the troops located in the back.
, marching to Beaucourt. At that time, general Faidherbe, gives attack order on all the front line. This attack will continue from 4 to 6 p.m. :
An ossuary contains the bodies of 74 soldiers killed during the battle in and around Pont-Noyelles.
On every village of the valley, many soldiers bodies lie in their communal cemeteries.
In the Querrieu communal cemetery, a military grave surmounted by a stele and a calvary, erected in 1875, contains the bodies of 12 unknown French soldiers. Another grave, also surmounted by a stele, contains the bodies of 18 Prussian soldiers ; only the name of one of them is known.
Franco-Prussian War
The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, often referred to in France as the 1870 War was a conflict between the Second French Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia. Prussia was aided by the North German Confederation, of which it was a member, and the South German states of Baden, Württemberg and...
on December 23 and 24, 1870.
The battle was fought between 40,000 French
Second French Empire
The Second French Empire or French Empire was the Imperial Bonapartist regime of Napoleon III from 1852 to 1870, between the Second Republic and the Third Republic, in France.-Rule of Napoleon III:...
under General Louis Faidherbe
Louis Faidherbe
Louis Léon César Faidherbe was a French general and colonial administrator. He created the Senegalese Tirailleurs when he was governor of Senegal.- Background :...
and 22,500 Prussia
Prussia
Prussia was a German kingdom and historic state originating out of the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg. For centuries, the House of Hohenzollern ruled Prussia, successfully expanding its size by way of an unusually well-organized and effective army. Prussia shaped the history...
n troops under Edwin Freiherr von Manteuffel
Edwin Freiherr von Manteuffel
Edwin Freiherr von Manteuffel was a German Generalfeldmarschall noted for his victories in the Franco-Prussian War....
. The French lost heavily in the village lying in front of their position. However, the Prussians were unable to carry the entrenchments on the heights. After the attack was repulsed, the French assumed the offensive, but with no decisive result. One thousand French soldiers were killed, and 1,300 were imprisoned. About 927 German troops were killed and wounded.
French Northern Army
After the fall of AmiensAmiens
Amiens is a city and commune in northern France, north of Paris and south-west of Lille. It is the capital of the Somme department in Picardy...
, on September 27, 1870 and its occupation by the Prussian Army, the French Northern Army, falls back towards Doullens
Doullens
Doullens is a commune in the Somme department in Picardie in northern France.Its inhabitants are called Doullennais and Doullennaises.-Geography:...
and Bapaume
Bapaume
Bapaume is a commune and the seat of a canton in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France.-Geography:A farming and light industrial town located 10 miles south of Arras at the junction of the A1 autoroute and the N17 and N30 national roads its location is...
to built it up its strength again. It receives fresh supply of troops, allowing to turn out three Divisions.
General Faidherbe, lately entrusted with the command of this Army, gives at once guiding rules and orders. He sends general Lecointe towards Saint-Quentin
Saint-Quentin, Aisne
Saint-Quentin is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France. It has been identified as the Augusta Veromanduorum of antiquity. It is named after Saint Quentin, who is said to have been martyred here in the 3rd century....
with mission to act on the Haute Somme. Four battalions, including one of light-infantry and a battery of 4, succeed, on September 9, in taking possession of Ham and its fortress. Faifherbe, coming on the place, gives order to withdraw an go towards Amiens.
On December 17, the Northern Army, regrouped, comes settling to the Hallue valley from Bavelincourt
Bavelincourt
Bavelincourt is a commune in the Somme department in Picardie in northern France.-Geography:Bavelincourt is situated on the D119 road, some northeast of Amiens.-Population:-External links:* * * *...
to Daours
Daours
Daours is a commune in the Somme department in Picardie in northern France.-Geography:Daours is situated on the D1 road, on the banks of the river Somme, some east of Amiens.-Population:-External links:* * *...
. The troops (about 43000 men) are divided into two Army Corps :
- The 22nd, with two Divisions commanded by major-general Derroja and major-general Du Dessol,
- The 23rd, with also two Divisions commanded by : rear-admiral Moulac and major-general Robin.
These troops are billeting in all the villages of the valley and outposts settled on a line passing through the woods of Saint-Gratien, Allonville and Querrieu (La Gorgue).
French Army tactical positions on December 19th
- The 1st Division occupies VadencourtVadencourt, SommeVadencourt is a commune in the Somme department in Picardie in northern France.-Geography:Vadencourt is situated northeast of Amiens, on the D919 road-Population:-Places of interest:...
, BavelincourtBavelincourtBavelincourt is a commune in the Somme department in Picardie in northern France.-Geography:Bavelincourt is situated on the D119 road, some northeast of Amiens.-Population:-External links:* * * *...
, BeaucourtBeaucourt-sur-l'HallueBeaucourt-sur-l'Hallue is a commune in the Somme department in Picardie in northern France.-Geography:This commune is situated northeast of Amiens on the D919 and D115 junction.-Population:-External links:* * *...
and BéhencourtBéhencourtBéhencourt is a commune in the Somme department in Picardie in northern France.-Geography:The commune is situated at the junction of the D78 and D115 roads, about northeast of Amiens-Population:-External links:* * * * *...
, keeping up the road to Arras.
- The 2nd Division keeps , Querrieu, Pont-NoyellesPont-NoyellesPont-Noyelles is a commune in the Somme department in Picardie in northern France.-Geography:The commune is situated at the junction of the D929, D30 and D115 roads, some northeast of Amiens, in the valley of the small river Hallue.-Population:-History:...
, Bussy, Daours and VecquemontVecquemontVecquemont is a commune in the Somme department in Picardie in northern France.-Geography:Vecquemont is situated east of Amiens, on the D11a road and by the banks of the Somme River.-Population:-External links:*...
.
- The 3rd Division is on reserve ; its 1st Brigade keeps watch over the Somme river, on Corbie and FouilloyFouilloy, SommeFouilloy is a commune in the Somme department in Picardie in northern France.-Geography:Fouilloy is situated on the banks of the river Somme, at the junction of the D1 and D23 roads, some east of Amiens.-Population:-External links:*...
and detaches a regiment on LahoussoyeLahoussoyeLahoussoye is a commune in the Somme department in Picardie in northern France.-Geography:Lahoussoye is situated on the D929 road, about northeast of Amiens.-Population:-External links:*...
.
- The 4th Division in the making up, is put up round Corbie.
Prussian Army
At the same time,general von der Goeben, chief commander of the 8th Prussian Corps, sets :- The 32nd Brigade (general De Rex), into Amiens.
- The 31st Brigade is just arriving on SainsSainsSains is a locality in Brittany.-History:Treaties between France and England placed Brittany under English rule. In 1402 the French and English were getting along a little better, after many decades of disputes in 1518 a treaty was signed giving England ownership of Brittany, hostages were handed...
and the field-artillery is on Ailly-sur-NoyeAilly-sur-NoyeAilly-sur-Noye is a commune in the Somme department in Picardie in northern France.-Geography:The commune lies about south of Amiens and about from the border with the Oise départment, situated at the junction of the departmental roads D7 and the D26, in the valley of the river...
.
- The 15th infantry Division (general Kummer) is along the La Luce river.
- The cavalry (lieutenant-general Graf von der Gröben) is on flank-guard from RosièresRosières-en-SanterreRosières-en-Santerre is a commune in the Somme department in Picardie in northern France.-Geography:The commune is situated some southeast of Amiens, at the junction of the D28 and D329 roadsnext to the Mcdonalds-Population:-Places of interest:...
to ChaulnesChaulnesChaulnes is a commune in the Somme department in Picardy in northern France.-Demography:-Culture:Chaulnes is noted for its cultural events, especially the heavy metal music festival "Killer Fest"...
.
Skirmish on Querrieu, December 20th
General-Major von Mirus in command of the 6th cavalry Brigade staying in Amiens for two days, sends a strong reconnaissance party consisting in a cavalry troop, an infantry battalion and a field artillery battery, to QuerrieuQuerrieu
Querrieu is a commune in the Somme department in Picardie in northern France.-Geography:Querrieu is situated on the D 929 road, some northeast of Amiens, on the banks of the Hallue river...
village.
Reaching the La Gorgue wood skirt, the party knocks against a French outpost and, sustained by its artillery, joins a lengthy battle.
Two French battalions strenuously fight back, so much that general Du Dessol launches three companies coming from Bussy-lès-Daours
Bussy-lès-Daours
Bussy-lès-Daours is a commune in the Somme department in Picardie in northern France.-Geography:The commune is situated on the D1e road, some northeast of Amiens.-Population:-External links:*...
to the right flank of the enemy who is constrained to a withdrawal towards the Alençons farm, then to Amiens.
In this battle Prussians lose 3 officers and 69 men killed or wounded ; French casualties are of 7 dead and 20 wounded.
Battle on the Hallue valley, December 23rd
Succeeding to general Steinmetz, general Manteuffel, recently appointed at the head of the 1st Prussian Army, arrives in Amiens on December 22 and gives offensive order for the next day at 8 a.m. :- The 15th Division must attack straight to the river, following an axle materialized by the AlbertAlbert, SommeAlbert is a commune in the Somme department in Picardie in northern France.It is located about halfway between Amiens and Bapaume.-History:Albert was founded as a Roman outpost called Encre, in about 54 BC...
and CorbieCorbieCorbie is a commune of the Somme department in Picardie in northern France.-Geography:The small town is situated up river from Amiens, in the département of Somme and is the main town of the canton of Corbie. It lies in the valley of the River Somme, at the confluence of the River Ancre. The town...
roads.
- The 16th Division, by the roads in the north of Arras road, must outflank the right wing of French troops.
- An infantry Brigade is kept in reserve.
- Part of the cavalry Division must carry out the touch between the 15th and the 16th Divisions.
- Fresh supplies of troops, shall be launched in the battle as soon as their arrival.
French dispositions remain unchanged.
The battle is going to stretche out a front line of 12 kilometres wide and 4 to 5 kilometres deep, on a snow covered ground and an icy temperature increased by a wind blowing from the north.
Guns
The French are using the Chassepot model 1866, breech-loading gun, with paper cartridges and 11 millimetres bullets.The Prussians are using the Dreize
Needle gun
The Dreyse needle-gun was a military breechloading rifle, famous as the main infantry weapon of the Prussians, who adopted it for service in 1848 as the Dreyse Zündnadelgewehr, or Prussian Model 1848...
created in 1848, breech-loading gun, with paper cartridges and 15 millimetres bullets.
Cannons
The French are using cannons made in bronze dating of the Napoleonic period, loading from the muzzle, and iron inner-tubes ones, model 1858. They also use canons à balles (machine-guns) able to project 25 bullets.The Prussians are using Krupp
Krupp
The Krupp family , a prominent 400-year-old German dynasty from Essen, have become famous for their steel production and for their manufacture of ammunition and armaments. The family business, known as Friedrich Krupp AG Hoesch-Krupp, was the largest company in Europe at the beginning of the 20th...
breech-loading cannons and shrapnel shells.
Prussian offensive
The 8th Prussian Corps starts on its way on December 23 at 8 a.m.The 15th Division has received order to reject French troops beyond the Hallue river, but not to venture on the left bank until the effect of an outflanking motion of the 16th Division, more on the north, will be felt. Therefore, the 15th Division moves towards Allonville
Allonville
Allonville is a commune in the Somme department in Picardie in northern France.-Geography:The commune is situated north of Amiens at the D919 and D247 junction .-Population:-External links:* * *...
, followed by three horse field artillery and artillery corps, then turns to Querrieu. French outposts withdraw to the river, giving the alarm to the troops located in the back.
- At about 11 a.m. the 29th Prussian Brigade (von Bock), accompanied by two hussar troops and two batteries, on the Albert road, runs against the French 18th light infantry battalion taking up Querrieu with the supply of three batteries.
- Two Prussian batteries, soon reinforced by other two ones, are placed in the south of Albert road ; they start firing and a particularly violent duel is launched. After an hour of firing, the Prussians take possession of Querrieu. The fight is going on in Pont-NoyellesPont-NoyellesPont-Noyelles is a commune in the Somme department in Picardie in northern France.-Geography:The commune is situated at the junction of the D929, D30 and D115 roads, some northeast of Amiens, in the valley of the small river Hallue.-Population:-History:...
, vigorously defended by the 18th battalion of light infantry and two battalions of the 70th infantry regiment. Received by a nourished fire started by some units of the Gislain Brigade, posted on the left side of the river, Prussians are stopped on the east of the village.
- On the same time, more in the south, the 20th light infantry battalion of the Foester Brigade, keeping up the Bussy-lès-DaoursBussy-lès-DaoursBussy-lès-Daours is a commune in the Somme department in Picardie in northern France.-Geography:The commune is situated on the D1e road, some northeast of Amiens.-Population:-External links:*...
village, is attacked on a concentric action from a battalion coming from the north, two companies and an hussar troop coming from the east. About on 1 p.m. the French evacuate the village. In the afternoon, in the west of a line Querrieu-Bussy, 42 Prussian cannons are set over against the same number of French cannons posted on the left side of the river.
- Then, in possession of Bussy-lès-Daours, the Prussians move forwards to Vecquemont and launch a vigorous attack ; they come up to the 19th light infantry battalion and marines of captain Payen Brigade, sustained on their right by the Foester Brigade. Under an hail of bullets, the Prussians are unable to progress. Manteuffel, came himself on the heights above Querrieu on the west, asks for artillery fresh supplies who arrive at about 4 p.m.. The French Payen Brigade is constrained to evacuate Vecquemont and hold position on the left side of the river.
- In Pont-Noyelles, at about 3:30 p.m. the Prussians try to climb the hills on the east of the river, but after a counter-attack conducted by a 70th regiment battalion and a company of the 101st mobile commanded by captain d'Hauterive, bayonet charging, the French take again the village, but they are unable to keep it up.
- Far in the north, the Prussian 30th Brigade attacks successfully FréchencourtFréchencourtFréchencourt is a commune in the Somme department in Picardie in northern France.-Population:-External links:*...
; they are stopped by the fire guns of the 18th light infantry battalion and a battalion of mobiles coming down from Parmont wood. The Du Dressol Division, holds the heights.
- On the north of FréchencourtFréchencourtFréchencourt is a commune in the Somme department in Picardie in northern France.-Population:-External links:*...
, the 16th Prussian Division (von Barnekow), came from Amiens on the Doullens road to PoulainvillePoulainvillePoulainville is a commune in the Somme department in Picardie in northern France.-Geography:Poulainville is situated on the N25 road, less than north of Amiens.-Population:-External links:* *...
and RainnevilleRainnevilleRainneville is a commune in the Somme department of Picardie in northern France.-Geography:Rainneville is situated on the D11 road, some north of Amiens.-Population:-External links:*...
without seeing anyone all along the morning. At 1 p.m. general von Goeben sends order to Barnekow to turn to the right. The, Barnekow makes his way to Beaucourt-sur-l'HallueBeaucourt-sur-l'HallueBeaucourt-sur-l'Hallue is a commune in the Somme department in Picardie in northern France.-Geography:This commune is situated northeast of Amiens on the D919 and D115 junction.-Population:-External links:* * *...
and Saint-GratienSaint-Gratien, SommeSaint- Gratien is a commune in the Somme department in Picardie in northern France.-Geography:The commune is situated some northeast of Amiens, on the D30 and D919 roads.-Population:-References:*...
.
- Passing beyond Saint-Gratien, the 31st Prussian Brigade (von Gneissnau), receives order to reach Montigny-sur-l'Hallue. At about 3 p.m. the Prussians bring into action with the 2nd French Brigade (Pittié) of the Derroja Division ; after the fall of MontignyMontigny-sur-l'HallueMontigny-sur-l'Hallue is a commune in the Somme department in Picardie in northern France.-Geography:The commune is situated on the D78 road, some northeast of Amiens.-Population:-External links:*...
, they push back the French towards Béhencourt, who, in their withdrawal destroys the Hallue bridges, but the Prussians under a strong fireguns, launch a foot-bridge over the river.
- With fresh supplies coming from the 32nd Brigade (von Rex), the Prussians take possession of Beaucourt, Montigny, Béhencourt and Bavelincourt while their artillery (six batteries) take up position on the north of Fréchencourt. This artillery cannonade, without any success, the French artillery which is on a higher position on Parmont wood and too far away.
Battle in the dusk
On 4 p.m. night is about to fall. The Prussians keep under control the right side of the river and Pont-Noyelles village. Their turning movement on the north has failed and their troops are threatened by the Aynes Brigade of the Derroja Division, coming into sight on the south-east of ContayContay
Contay is a commune in the Somme department in Picardie in northern France.-Geography:Contay is situated on the D23 and D919 crossroads, some northeast of Amiens.-Population:-External links:*...
, marching to Beaucourt. At that time, general Faidherbe, gives attack order on all the front line. This attack will continue from 4 to 6 p.m. :
- In the center, general Lecointe having assembled all troops still organized, launches an offensive on Pont-NoyellesPont-NoyellesPont-Noyelles is a commune in the Somme department in Picardie in northern France.-Geography:The commune is situated at the junction of the D929, D30 and D115 roads, some northeast of Amiens, in the valley of the small river Hallue.-Population:-History:...
. Two successive attacks are going ahead, but his troops, the 18th light infantry battalion and the 70th infantry regiment, non accustooomed with the night combat, must withdraw, all the more that Manteuffel has launched two battalions to sustain his troops.
- In the south, the Foester Brigade succeed in crossing the river between Querrieu and Bussy, but it is stopped by the fresh supplies sent by Manteuffel. At about 5 p.m. the Payen Brigade launches an attack to Vecquemont, but is stopped in its turn.
- At 7 p.m. the battle field is in complete darkness. The Prussians hold all the villages in the valley and billet there. The French Army is obliged to bivouac on its positions, by night on the heights where on a snowy ground, the temperature falls to -8° Celsius and an icy wind is blowing without any obstacle.
Withdrawal movement
On the next day, December 24 at 9 a.m. the French artillery launches a cannonade to Béhencourt without any Prussian reply. General Faidherbe makes up his mind to retreat. The withdrawal, protected by a line of retarding units, begins at about 2 p.m. The Prussians will only start the pursuit on the following day December 25 ; at that time, the French Army is arriving near Bapaume.Memorials
A war memorial named "Colonne Faidherbe" was erected in 1875, on the heights of Pont-Noyelles, on the place where general Faidherbe directed the last combats.An ossuary contains the bodies of 74 soldiers killed during the battle in and around Pont-Noyelles.
On every village of the valley, many soldiers bodies lie in their communal cemeteries.
In the Querrieu communal cemetery, a military grave surmounted by a stele and a calvary, erected in 1875, contains the bodies of 12 unknown French soldiers. Another grave, also surmounted by a stele, contains the bodies of 18 Prussian soldiers ; only the name of one of them is known.