Barbara Aland
Encyclopedia
Barbara Aland, née Ehlers (born 12 April 1937 in Hamburg
Hamburg
-History:The first historic name for the city was, according to Claudius Ptolemy's reports, Treva.But the city takes its modern name, Hamburg, from the first permanent building on the site, a castle whose construction was ordered by the Emperor Charlemagne in AD 808...

, Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...

) is a German theologian and was a Professor of New Testament Research and Church History at Westphalian Wilhelms-University of Münster
University of Münster
The University of Münster is a public university located in the city of Münster, North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany. The WWU is part of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, a society of Germany's leading research universities...

 until 2002.

Biography

After having completed her degree of Theology and Classical Philology in Frankfurt, Marburg
Marburg
Marburg is a city in the state of Hesse, Germany, on the River Lahn. It is the main town of the Marburg-Biedenkopf district and its population, as of March 2010, was 79,911.- Founding and early history :...

 and Kiel
Kiel
Kiel is the capital and most populous city in the northern German state of Schleswig-Holstein, with a population of 238,049 .Kiel is approximately north of Hamburg. Due to its geographic location in the north of Germany, the southeast of the Jutland peninsula, and the southwestern shore of the...

 she received the PhD
(dissertation about the Sokratic Aischines) in 1964 in Frankfurt/Germany.
In 1969 she gained her licentiate at the "Oriental Faculty" of Pontificio Istituto Biblico in Rome, Italy.
In 1972 she could habilitate in Göttingen
Göttingen
Göttingen is a university town in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is the capital of the district of Göttingen. The Leine river runs through the town. In 2006 the population was 129,686.-General information:...

 about the Syrian gnostic Bardesanes of Edessa.
Since 1972 she acted as private lecturer, later on she became professorship for "Church History and New Testament Research with eminently consideration of
Christian Orient" at the Evangelisch-Theologischen Fakultät in Münster, Germany.
1983 she became director of the Institute for New Testament Textual Research
Institute for New Testament Textual Research
The Institute for New Testament Textual Research at the University of Münster, Westphalia, Germany, is an institute for the investigation of the text of the New Testament. The INTF was founded in Münster in 1959 by Professor Kurt Aland , the first director of the Institute...

 (which was founded in 1959 by her husband Kurt Aland
Kurt Aland
Kurt Aland was a German Theologian and Professor of New Testament Research and Church History. He founded the Institut für neutestamentliche Textforschung in Münster and served as its first director for many years...

) and also the Biblemuseum.

This institute achieved worldwide significance by publishing the Novum Testamentum Graece
Novum Testamentum Graece
Novum Testamentum Graece is the Latin name editions of the original Greek-language version of the New Testament.The first printed edition was the Complutensian Polyglot Bible by Cardinal Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros, printed in 1514, but not published until 1520...

also known as Nestle-Aland.
Until her retirement Barbara Aland was also the director of Hermann-Kunst-Stiftung for Promotion of New Testament Research.
She is still constantly working academically, even in her retirement.

Relevance

Barbara Aland firstly became international high profile due to the work on the Novum Testamentum Graece
Novum Testamentum Graece
Novum Testamentum Graece is the Latin name editions of the original Greek-language version of the New Testament.The first printed edition was the Complutensian Polyglot Bible by Cardinal Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros, printed in 1514, but not published until 1520...

(Greek New Testament
New Testament
The New Testament is the second major division of the Christian biblical canon, the first such division being the much longer Old Testament....

)
which she attended together with her husband Kurt Aland
Kurt Aland
Kurt Aland was a German Theologian and Professor of New Testament Research and Church History. He founded the Institut für neutestamentliche Textforschung in Münster and served as its first director for many years...

.
Both of them collaborated significantly with an international and interconfessional group of theologians on the approvement and updating of the "Greek New Testament" also known as Nestle-Aland.
This edition (published by the Institute in Münster) forms the basis of apprenticeship and research worldwide.

Furthermore she published the first supplies of the "Editio Critica Maior
Editio Critica Maior
Editio Critica Maior is a critical edition of the Greek New Testament being produced by the Institut für neutestamentliche Textforschung. It is a work in multiple volumes, and is intended to cite a more complete list of variant readings than can be incorporated in a manual edition...

" in 1997.
This edition is based on the complete tradition of Greek manuscripts, patristical excerpt and old translations for the first time ever.

Honors

Barbara Aland achieved the following honorary doctoral degrees:
  • 1988: "D.Litt." (Doctor of Literature), Wartburg College
    Wartburg College
    Wartburg College is a selective four-year liberal arts college of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America located in Waverly, Iowa. Wartburg West is in Denver, Colorado....

     (Waverly/Ohio)
  • 1989: "D.D." (Doctor of Divinity
    Doctor of Divinity
    Doctor of Divinity is an advanced academic degree in divinity. Historically, it identified one who had been licensed by a university to teach Christian theology or related religious subjects....

    ), Mount Saint Mary's College (Emmitsburg/Maryland)
  • 2008: "Dr. theol. h.c.", (Doctor of Theology
    Doctor of Theology
    Doctor of Theology is a terminal academic degree in theology. It is a research degree that is considered by the U.S. National Science Foundation to be the equivalent of a Doctor of Philosophy....

    ), University of Halle-Wittenberg
    University of Halle-Wittenberg
    The Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg , also referred to as MLU, is a public, research-oriented university in the cities of Halle and Wittenberg within Saxony-Anhalt, Germany...

    , Germany


She received following awards:
  • 1998: Paulus-Plakette of Münster, Germany
  • 2005: Fellow of Clare Hall, Cambridge
    Cambridge
    The city of Cambridge is a university town and the administrative centre of the county of Cambridgeshire, England. It lies in East Anglia about north of London. Cambridge is at the heart of the high-technology centre known as Silicon Fen – a play on Silicon Valley and the fens surrounding the...

  • 2006: Member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
    Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
    The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences is an organisation dedicated to the advancement of science and literature in the Netherlands...

  • 2011: Knight's Cross (Bundesverdienstkreuz am Bande)

Works

Monographs
  • (as Barbara Ehlers): Eine vorplatonische Deutung des sokratischen Eros. Der Dialog Aspasia des Sokratikers Aischines. Diss. Frankfurt am Main 1964, published 1966 (Zetemata, issue 41).
  • (with Kurt Aland): Der Text des Neuen Testaments. Einführung in die wissenschaftlichen Ausgaben sowie in Theorie und Praxis der modernen Textkritik, 1982.
    • English translation: The text of the New Testament. An introduction to the critical editions and to the theory and practice of modern textual criticism. 1987.
  • Erziehung durch Kirchengeschichte? Ein Plädoyer für mehr Kirchengeschichte im Religionsunterricht. Published: Idea e.V., 1984.
  • Frühe direkte Auseinandersetzung zwischen Christen, Heiden und Häretikern. 2005.
  • Was ist Gnosis? Studien zum frühen Christentum, zu Marcion und zur kaiserzeitlichen Philosophie. 2009

Editions of the New Testament
  • A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament. A Companion Volume to the United Bible Societies Greek New Testament (third edition) by B. M. Metzger on behalf of and in cooperation with the Editorial Committee of the United Bible Societies Greek New Testament K. Aland, M. Black, C. M. Martini, B. M. Metzger and A. Wikgren, 1971.
  • Novum Testamentum Graece post Eberhard Nestle et Erwin Nestle communiter ed. K. Aland, M. Black, C. M. Martini, B. M. Metzger, A. Wikgren, apparatum criticum recens. et editionem novis curis elaborav. K. Aland et B. Aland una cum Instituto studiorum textus Novi Testamenti Monasteriensi (Westphalia), 26. Aufl., 1979.
  • Novum Testamentum Latine. Novam Vulgatam Bibliorum Sacrorum Editionem secuti apparatibus titulisque additis ediderunt Kurt Aland et Barbara Aland una cum Instituto studiorum textus Novi Testamenti Monasteriensi, 1984.
  • Griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch zu den Schriften des Neuen Testaments und der frühchristlichen Literatur by Walter Bauer. 6., völlig neu bearbeitete Auflage im Institut für Neutestamentliche Textforschung/Münster unter besonderer Mitwirkung von Viktor Reichmann hrsg. von Kurt Aland und Barbara Aland, 1988.

Publications
  • Gnosis. Festschrift für Hans Jonas
    Hans Jonas
    Hans Jonas was a German-born philosopher who was, from 1955 to 1976, Alvin Johnson Professor of Philosophy at the New School for Social Research in New York City.Jonas's writings were very influential in different spheres...

    , in Verbindung mit Ugo Bianchi, hrsg. von Barbara Aland, 1978.
  • Günther Zuntz: Lukian von Antiochien und der Text der Evangelien. Hrsg. von Barbara Aland und Klaus Wachtel. Mit einem Nachruf auf den Author von Martin Hengel, 1995.
  • Die Weltlichkeit des Glaubens in der Alten Kirche. Festschrift für Ulrich Wickert zum siebzigsten Geburtstag. In Verbindung mit Barbara Aland und Christoph Schäublin hrsg. von Dietmar Wyrwa, 1997.
  • Literarische Konstituierung von Identifikationsfiguren in der Antike, hrsg. von Barbara Aland, 2003.

External links

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