Bad Rappenau
Encyclopedia
Bad Rappenau is a town in the district of Heilbronn
Heilbronn (district)
Heilbronn is a district in the north of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Neighboring districts are Neckar-Odenwald, Hohenlohe, Schwäbisch Hall, Rems-Murr, Ludwigsburg, Enz, Karlsruhe and Rhein-Neckar...

 in Baden-Württemberg
Baden-Württemberg
Baden-Württemberg is one of the 16 states of Germany. Baden-Württemberg is in the southwestern part of the country to the east of the Upper Rhine, and is the third largest in both area and population of Germany's sixteen states, with an area of and 10.7 million inhabitants...

 in southern Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...

. It is situated about 15 km northwest of Heilbronn
Heilbronn
Heilbronn is a city in northern Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is completely surrounded by Heilbronn County and with approximately 123.000 residents, it is the sixth-largest city in the state....

.

Neighbouring municipalities

Neighbouring towns and villages of Bad Rappenau are (clockwise from the east): Gundelsheim
Gundelsheim, Baden-Württemberg
Gundelsheim is a town in the district of Heilbronn in Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany.It is situated on the right bank of the Neckar, 17 km northwest of Heilbronn. The town centre retains its narrow mediaeval street plan, as well as much of its mediaeval timber architecture...

, Offenau
Offenau
Offenau is a town in the district of Heilbronn in Baden-Württemberg in Germany....

 and Bad Wimpfen
Bad Wimpfen
Bad Wimpfen is an historic spa town in the district of Heilbronn in the Baden-Württemberg region of southern Germany. It lies north of the city of Heilbronn, on the river Neckar.-Geography:...

 (all of the district of Heilbronn), Heilbronn
Heilbronn
Heilbronn is a city in northern Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is completely surrounded by Heilbronn County and with approximately 123.000 residents, it is the sixth-largest city in the state....

, Massenbachhausen
Massenbachhausen
Massenbachhausen is a town in the district of Heilbronn in Baden-Württemberg in Germany....

 and Kirchardt
Kirchardt
- Geography :Kirchardt is in the north-west of Heilbronn and belongs to the outskirts of the Stuttgart Metropolitan Region. Starting in the north and proceeding in a clockwise direction, the neighbouring towns and cities of Kirchardt are Bad Rappenau, Massenbachhausen, Gemmingen, Eppingen,...

 (both of the district of Heilbronn), Sinsheim
Sinsheim
Sinsheim is a town in southwestern Germany, in the Rhine Neckar Area of the state Baden-Württemberg about 22 kilometers southeast of Heidelberg and about 28 kilometers northwest of Heilbronn in the district Rhein-Neckar. It consists of a city center and 11 suburbs with a total population of 35,605...

, Neckarbischofsheim
Neckarbischofsheim
Neckarbischofsheim is a town in the district of Rhein-Neckar-Kreis, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated 8 km northeast of Sinsheim, and 24 km southeast of Heidelberg....

 and Helmstadt-Bargen
Helmstadt-Bargen
Helmstadt-Bargen is a town in the district of Rhein-Neckar in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.The town has three schools.The German musician Julian Thome lived there for many years....

 (all of the Rhein-Neckar-Kreis
Rhein-Neckar-Kreis
Rhein-Neckar-Kreis is a district in the northwest of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Neighboring districts are Bergstraße, Odenwaldkreis, Neckar-Odenwald, Heilbronn, Karlsruhe, district-free Speyer, the Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis, and district-free Mannheim and Heidelberg.-History:The district was created in...

), Hüffenhardt
Hüffenhardt
Hüffenhardt is a town in the district of Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.-Administration:The municipality consists of two subdivisions:*Hüffenhardt, population 1545*Kälbertshausen, population 528-References:*...

 (Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis
Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis
Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis is a district in the north of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Neighboring districts are Main-Tauber-Kreis, Hohenlohe, Heilbronn, Rhein-Neckar-Kreis, Odenwaldkreis Hesse and Landkreis Miltenberg Bavaria...

), Siegelsbach
Siegelsbach
Siegelsbach is a town in the district of Heilbronn in Baden-Württemberg in Germany....

 (district of Heilbronn) and Haßmersheim
Haßmersheim
Haßmersheim is a town in the district of Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.-Administration:Haßmersheim consists of three subdivisions:*Haßmersheim, population 3649*Hochhausen, population 730*Neckarmühlbach, population 532-References:...

 (Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis). Bad Rappenau has combined with Kirchardt and Siegelsbach to form a joint association of administrations.

Town structure

Bad Rappenau consists of the town itself and the villages Babstadt, Bonfeld, Fürfeld, Grombach, Heinsheim, Obergimpern, Treschklingen and Wollenberg.

Besides there are the hamlets Zimmerhof, Kohlhof, Maierhof, Bartsmühle, Kugelmühle and Sommersmühle. The hamlets Oberbiegelhof and Unterbiegelhof belong to Babstadt, Eichhäuser Hof, Obere Mühle and Untere Mühle belong to Bonfeld, Burg Ehrenberg belongs to Heinsheim, Eulenberg(er)hof, Wagenbach, Obere Mühle and Portland-Zementwerk belong to Obergimpern, Neumühle belongs to Wollenberg. Gone resp. non-existent villages are Niuern and Speceshart on the communal land of Rappenau, Eichhausen on the communal land of Bonfeld und Battenhausen on the communal land of Grombach.

History

Rappenau was first mentioned documentary in 1343. According to other sources the village was previously named as Rappenheim due to its founder Rappo who was not in connection with ministerials. Presumably the settlement began around the 8th century. In Middle Ages there were three villages near Rappenau: the upper village, the older lower village and the no-more existent village Speßhardt, besides several hamlets.

Rappenau belonged to the Lords of Vaihingen and Württemberg until 1339, since 1344 it still only belonged to the Lords of Württemberg. The upper and lower village grew together to a united village, bordering at the Mühlbach in the south. Eberhard von Gemmingen had built a water castle in 1601. In Thirty Years' War the village burned down several times. By the German Mediatisation
German Mediatisation
The German Mediatisation was the series of mediatisations and secularisations that occurred in Germany between 1795 and 1814, during the latter part of the era of the French Revolution and then the Napoleonic Era....

 the village came to Baden
Baden
Baden is a historical state on the east bank of the Rhine in the southwest of Germany, now the western part of the Baden-Württemberg of Germany....

 in 1806.

After discovering a brine 175m below earth surface in 1822, there were big efforts to use the brine as a remedy. However, Baden had no interests in creating a bath in the first time. So there was founded a community to create the Sophienbad (named after grand duchess Sophie von Baden) on May 15, 1834. Soon it turned out that the bath was unable to be financed, so it had to be closed. In 1845 the brine bath got opened, increasing its capacity more and more. In 1862 and 1882 a steam bath and brine inhalations were added.

In 1887 the children's spa rooms were opened. In 1912 Prof. Dr. Oskar Vulpius opened a sanatorium containing 120 beds to treat bone, joint and gland sufferings. Meanwhile a new brine bath was built and opened in 1903. In 1921 there were around 84,500 overnight stays. The recognition of being a spa town goes back to a decree of 1930 by the ministry of Baden. Since then the municipality took the name Bad Rappenau. After World War II cure bustle increased heavily. In 1952 it has been the seventh biggest spa town in Baden. In the 1970s there were four special clinics consisting around 600,000 overnight stays.

Due to the administration reform of 1936 Bad Rappenau turned into the district of Sinsheim. On April 1, 1950, the village Zimmerhof has been incorporated into the municipality. From 1971 to 1973 eight further municipalities had been incorporated into Bad Rappenau. Due to the district reform of January 1, 1973, Bad Rappenau turned into the district of Heilbronn. This district belongs to the administrative district of Stuttgart, so a municipality previously belonging to Baden is now administrated by Württemberg. Also in 1973 the municipality got town rights. On January 1, 2003, Bad Rappenau became a Große Kreisstadt
Große Kreisstadt
Große Kreisstadt is a term in the German municipal law. In some German federal states the term is used as a special legal status for district-affiliated cities or towns with additional competences in comparison with other municipalities or towns of the district. The title is based on souvereign...

.

Religions

The area of Bad Rappenau previously belonged to the Bishopric of Worms
Bishopric of Worms
The Bishopric of Worms was an ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire. Located on both banks of the Rhine around Worms just north of the union of that river with the Neckar, it was largely surrounded by the Palatinate. Worms had been the seat of a bishop from Roman times...

. In 1530 the Reformation
Protestant Reformation
The Protestant Reformation was a 16th-century split within Western Christianity initiated by Martin Luther, John Calvin and other early Protestants. The efforts of the self-described "reformers", who objected to the doctrines, rituals and ecclesiastical structure of the Roman Catholic Church, led...

 has been introduced.

After the transition to Baden in 1806 the municipality got a member of the Protestant Church of Baden.
In 1887 the foundation-stone of the new town church of Bad Rappenau was laid. Previously the parish belonged to the church district of Sinsheim, changing to the one of Bad Rappenau-Sinsheim in 1975. On January 1, 2005, there was a fusion with the church district of Sinsheim to the church district Kraichgau. In other villages of Bad Rappenau there are also different parishes belonging to the Protestant Parish of Baden. Just the parishes of Bonfeld and Fürfeld belong to the Protestant Parish of Württemberg, since these villages belonged to Württemberg in former times.

In the 19th century there were also Catholics moving to Bad Rappenau. Formerly they got cared by the neighbouring parish of Siegelsbach. In 1896 own services within the water castle took place. In 1929 the Herz-Jesu-Kirche was built, getting expanded in 1954. Since its foundation it belonged to the
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Freiburg (deanery
Deanery
A Deanery is an ecclesiastical entity in both the Roman Catholic Church and the Church of England. A deanery is either the jurisdiction or residence of a Dean.- Catholic usage :...

 Kraichgau).

Jews in Bad Rappenau are proved since the 16th century, although the municipality wasn't settled by them generally and the parish was quite poor and small. In 1802 there were five families living there, in 1825 there were six ones. In 1816 a new building failed financially. Later in 1843 a small one was able to be built. In 1881 a Jewish graveyard has been created along the road to Siegelsbach. The parish grow onto 80 persons until 1875, but after decreased heavily by migration and emigration. In 1900 there were 46 Jews, in 1933 just ten. The parish broke up in 1937. During the pogrom in 1938 a shop-window of a Jewish shop got destroyed. Four of the last five Jews living in Bad Rappenau were killed.

Incorporations

Following communal lands and villages had been introduced into Bad Rappenau. As far as not given otherwise they belonged to the district of Sinsheim until 1972. All of them came to the district of Heilbronn according to the district reform on January 1, 1973.
  • April 1, 1950: Zimmerhof
  • April 1, 1952: Zimmerhöferfeld
  • January 1, 1971: Babstadt, Treschklingen
  • January 1, 1972: Obergimpern, Wollenberg
  • March 1, 1972: Heinsheim (district of Mosbach)
  • January 1, 1973: Fürfeld (district of Heilbronn), Grombach
  • November 1, 1973: Bonfeld (district of Heilbronn)

Development of population

year inhabitants
December 1, 1871 1,441
December 1, 1880 ¹ 1,665
December 1, 1890 ¹ 1,577
December 1, 1900 ¹ 1,628
December 1, 1910 ¹ 1,726
June 16, 1925 ¹ 1,862
June 16, 1933 ¹ 1,918
May 17, 1939 ¹ 1,979
December 1945 2,328
September 13, 1950 ¹ 2,962
year inhabitants
June 6, 1961 ¹ 3,899
May 27, 1970 ¹ 5,404
December 31, 1975 13,361
December 31, 1980 13,826
May 27, 1987 ¹ 14,461
December 31, 1990 15,884
December 31, 1995 18,562
December 31, 2000 19,884
December 31, 2005 20,600

¹ results of censi

District council

Following the municipal election of 13 June 2004, the district council of Bad Rappenau has 36 seats. The election result is as follows:
party amount * seats *
CDU
Christian Democratic Union (Germany)
The Christian Democratic Union of Germany is a Christian democratic and conservative political party in Germany. It is regarded as on the centre-right of the German political spectrum...

 
50.8 % −0.1 19 +5
SPD
Social Democratic Party of Germany
The Social Democratic Party of Germany is a social-democratic political party in Germany...

 
32.1 % −3.4 12 +2
ödp
Ecological Democratic Party
The Ecological Democratic Party is an environmentalist political party in Germany. It was founded in 1982 by former members of the German Green Party. The ÖDP combines issues which are not often found together: a focus on state financial support for families and childrearing, and a belief in the...

 
7.8 % +0.1 2 ±0
Grüne Liste 5.5 % −0.4 2 +1
FDP
Free Democratic Party (Germany)
The Free Democratic Party , abbreviated to FDP, is a centre-right classical liberal political party in Germany. It is led by Philipp Rösler and currently serves as the junior coalition partner to the Union in the German federal government...

 
3.7 % +3.7 1 +1
sum 100 % 36


* change due to the previous election

Mayor

On top of the village of Rappenau there usually was a vogt. After the change into Baden a mayor headed the municipal administration assisted by a council. Being a Große Kreisstadt
Große Kreisstadt
Große Kreisstadt is a term in the German municipal law. In some German federal states the term is used as a special legal status for district-affiliated cities or towns with additional competences in comparison with other municipalities or towns of the district. The title is based on souvereign...

since Januar 1st, 2003, the mayor has the title Oberbürgermeister. His deputy is called the Bürgermeister.

Bürgermeister and Oberbürgermeister
  • 1821–1831: Johann Jakob Freudenberger
  • 1831–1836: various mayors
  • 1836–1850: Christoph Reichardt
  • 1850–1869: Johann Adam Rothenhöfer
  • 1869–1877: Georg Zimmermann
  • 1877–1889: Emil Kachel
  • 1889–1895: Wilhelm Straub
  • 1895–1922: Philipp Freudenberger
  • 1922–1945: Hermann Hofmann
  • 1945–1946: Walter Staubitz
  • 1946–1978: Fritz Hagner
  • 1978–2002: Gerd Zimmermann
  • since 2002: Hans Heribert Blättgen

  • Arms and flag

    Blazon
    Blazon
    In heraldry and heraldic vexillology, a blazon is a formal description of a coat of arms, flag or similar emblem, from which the reader can reconstruct the appropriate image...

    : In gold on a blue sign a jumping black horse. The town colours are black and yellow.

    The seal of Rappenau (1820) shows in blue two golden beams. Arms and flag were given by the ministry of the interior on September 26, 1957.

    International relations

    Bad Rappenau is twinned
    Town twinning
    Twin towns and sister cities are two of many terms used to describe the cooperative agreements between towns, cities, and even counties in geographically and politically distinct areas to promote cultural and commercial ties.- Terminology :...

     with:
    • Contrexéville
      Contrexéville
      Contrexéville is a commune of north-eastern France, in the Vosges département. Inhabitants are called Contrexévillois.The reputation of Contrexéville as a health resort dates from 1864, when development began by a company, the Société des Eaux de Contrexéville.-Twin towns:Contrexéville is twinned...

       in France
      France
      The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...

       (since 1982) and
    • Llandrindod Wells
      Llandrindod Wells
      Llandrindod Wells , colloquially known locally as "Llandod", is a town and community in Powys, within the historic boundaries of Radnorshire, mid Wales, United Kingdom. It was developed as a spa town in the 19th century, with a boom in the late 20th century as a centre of local government. Before...

       in Wales
      Wales
      Wales is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and the island of Great Britain, bordered by England to its east and the Atlantic Ocean and Irish Sea to its west. It has a population of three million, and a total area of 20,779 km²...

       (since 2001).

    Museums

    Since 1989 Bad Rappenau has a museum showing the history of brine and bathing in the town.

    Notable Buildings

    Next to the parish church there's the old town hall built in 1841 being the first one. Nearby the old town hall there's a fountain of 1928 having the inscription: Ruhe ist des Bürgers erste Pflicht - Im Wein liegt Wahrheit, im Wasser liegt Klarheit. - "The first citizen's duty is silence - In wine there's truth, in water there's clearness." In the town there's some old half-timbering, e. g. the Dominikanerhof. The station is a building of classicism
    Classicism
    Classicism, in the arts, refers generally to a high regard for classical antiquity, as setting standards for taste which the classicists seek to emulate. The art of classicism typically seeks to be formal and restrained: of the Discobolus Sir Kenneth Clark observed, "if we object to his restraint...

     in times of rail construction.
    On the urban cemetery lies Georg Christian Heinrich Rosentritt discovering salt occurrences in 1822. Besides there's a war memorial.

    Parks

    Bad Rappenau has several parks at its disposal: the Schlosspark in the west around of the water castle and the Salinengarten including Hohenstadter Grund and Kurpark in the east.

    From April 25 to October 5 2008, the Landesgartenschau of Baden-Württemberg
    Baden-Württemberg
    Baden-Württemberg is one of the 16 states of Germany. Baden-Württemberg is in the southwestern part of the country to the east of the Upper Rhine, and is the third largest in both area and population of Germany's sixteen states, with an area of and 10.7 million inhabitants...

     took place in Bad Rappenau. One of the main attractions was the graduation tower
    Graduation tower
    A graduation tower is a structure used in the production of salt which removes water from a saline solution by evaporation, increasing its concentration of mineral salts. The tower consists of a wooden wall-like frame stuffed with bundles of brushwood which have to be changed about every 5 to 10...

    . The three parks have been connected and upgraded by this event.

    Regular events

    Since 1977 and 1978 there's the Straßenfest respectively Stadtfest, also a spring festival takes place. Since the 1980s and 1990s there are different festivals in other parts of the town, e. g. the Herbstfest and the Schlosshoffest in Grombach, the Fischerfest in Heinsheim, the Schlossfest in Obergimpern, the Kelterfest in Wollenberg and the Martinimarkt in Zimmerhof. Also there's the lightning festival taking more than 10,000 visitors to Bad Rappenau and having big success. An open-air festival is also taking place.

    Traffic

    Bad Rappenau has a direct motorway point along the A 6
    Bundesautobahn 6
    , also known as Via Carolina is a 477 km long German autobahn. It starts at the French border near Saarbrücken in the west and end at the Czech border near Waidhaus in the east....

     (Mannheim–Heilbronn). There's also the Bundesstraße
    Bundesstraße
    Bundesstraße , abbreviated B, is the denotation for German and Austrian national highways.-Germany:...

     B 39.

    Bad Rappenau station is situated at the Elsenztalbahn running from Bad Friedrichshall
    Bad Friedrichshall
    Bad Friedrichshall is a town in the district of Heilbronn in Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. It is situated at the confluence of the Jagst and the Kocher into the Neckar, 10 km north of Heilbronn...

     to Heidelberg
    Heidelberg
    -Early history:Between 600,000 and 200,000 years ago, "Heidelberg Man" died at nearby Mauer. His jaw bone was discovered in 1907; with scientific dating, his remains were determined to be the earliest evidence of human life in Europe. In the 5th century BC, a Celtic fortress of refuge and place of...

    . Public transport is ensured by Heilbronner Hohenloher Haller Nahverkehr
    Heilbronner Hohenloher Haller Nahverkehr
    The Heilbronner Hohenloher Haller Nahverkehr is a regional transport cooperative that coordinates tickets and fares among all transport operators in the metropolitan area of Heilbronn in Germany. Besides the city of Heilbronn, the H3NV area encompasses the districts of Heilbronn and Hohenlohe...

    .

    Local businesses

    Some of the biggest businesses are:
    • Mondi Packaging Bad Rappenau GmbH, producer of packaging
    • ZIMA Apparate GmbH, producer of filter instruments
    • Stahl Plast Kunststoffe GmbH & Co.
    • Losberger Intertent GmbH, building constructor
    • EOS KSI Inkasso Deutschland GmbH, demand and credit management
    • Kraichgau-Klinik Bad Rappenau GmbH & Co.KG, rehabilitation centre of onkology
    • Vulpius Klinik GmbH, orthopaedic hospital
    • Kurklinik Bad Rappenau GmbH, management and business of hospitals
    • Häffner Bräu, brewery and restaurant

    Media

    The Kraichgau Stimme, part of the Heilbronner Stimme and the paper Bad Rappenauer Bote / Eppinger Nachrichten, part of the Rhein-Neckar-Zeitung) inform about happenings in Bad Rappenau.

    Education

    Bad Rappenau has a Realschule
    Realschule
    The Realschule is a type of secondary school in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Liechtenstein. It has also existed in Croatia , Denmark , Sweden , Hungary and in the Russian Empire .-History:The Realschule was an outgrowth of the rationalism and empiricism of the seventeenth and...

     (Wilhelm-Hauff-Realschule), a Förderschule (Albert-Schweitzer-Schule), eine Hauptschule
    Hauptschule
    A Hauptschule is a secondary school in Germany and Austria, starting after 4 years of elementary schooling, which offers Lower Secondary Education according to the International Standard Classification of Education...

     with Werkrealschule and a Grundschule each in Bonfeld, Fürfeld, Grombach, Heinsheim, Obergimpern, Zimmerhof and a further one (Theodor-Heuss-Schule) responsible for Babstadt and Treschklingen. The urban library has more than 20,000 media at its disposal.

    Personalities

    • 1896, Carl Egler, † 1982 in Karlsruhe, German sculptor
    • 1936, Eberhard von Gemmingen
      Eberhard von Gemmingen
      Father Eberhard von Gemmingen is a German Jesuit is the head of the editorial board of the German Vatican Radio.- Life :When he was three years old, his parents settled in Württemberg on. His mother had been educated by jesuits, while his father later died in the Second World War in 1945 on the...

      , head of the editorial office of Vatican Radio
      Vatican Radio
      Vatican Radio is the official broadcasting service of the Vatican.Set up in 1931 by Guglielmo Marconi, today its programs are offered in 47 languages, and are sent out on short wave , medium wave, FM, satellite and the Internet. The Jesuit Order has been charged with the management of Vatican...

    • 1952, Klaus Zapf, entrepreneur, founder of Zapf Umzüge

    External links

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