BMW M62
Encyclopedia
The BMW
M62 is a V8
piston engine, built in Munich, Germany. It has an aluminum block with 98 mm bore centers and two aluminum DOHC
cylinder heads.
). The block is etched to expose the silica, creating a bearing surface in the cylinder. This was an improvement over the earlier M60
V8, that used a Nikasil
cylinder wall coating, which deteriorated with the use of gasoline containing sulfur in the nickel plated combustion chambers. All M62 engines produced for the US market were built using Alusil only, which is not subject to the corrosion problem associated with Nikasil. Other countries did get the Nikasil M62 engine though.
BMW slowly stopped using Nikasil in the M62, and in 1997, they issued a service bulletin to state that the M62 engine will no longer use Nikasil from March 1997 on. This applied to all markets.
During the first 2 years of production of the M62 (From 1995 to 1997), many engines were built using Nikasil, but most of them had no issues whatsoever because they were delivered in countries were the gas was properly treated and the levels of sulfur found in them were not harmful.
Screenshot of the BMW TIS bulletin published in 1997:
Part 1:
link BMW M60/M62 Nikasil Bulletin
Part 2:
link BMW M60/M62 Nikasil Bulletin
The M62 is fitted with Sequential fuel injection
(or SFI), as well as double overhead camshafts with 4 valves per cylinder. It also sports fracture-split, forged, powdered metal connecting rods. In addition, the M62TU offered on later models is fitted with BMW's VANOS VVT system.
Applications: and 320 newton metre
variable valve timing system.
and 420 newton metre / Mechanical Throttle
system and an electronically actuated throttle. Each bank of cylinders included a single-stage VANOS system, and only on the intake valve timing (not the exhaust valves).
The engine design also included slightly larger mass-airflow sensor and lower flow intake plenum runners which improved lower RPM torque characteristics at the cost of some high-rpm flow. Non-"TUB" intake manifolds can be transplanted onto a M62TUB44 engine to improve high (>3400) RPM torque and power characteristics (similar in effect to the swap of OBD1 manifolds onto newer OBD2 generation M52/S52). Dinan also sold this modification under a Dinan performance package (but the BMW part numbers are equivalent to stock -B44 manifolds).
and 440 newton metre / Electronic Throttle -SINGLE vanos;the M5 S62 was the first BMW V8 (and only E39 V8) with dual vanos. In 2002, the power was increased from 210 kW to 216 kW while torque remained the same.
Parenthetically, it seems odd that the 4.4 liter M62 has the same published HP of its predecessor, the 4.0 liter M60. It is well known that these engines made more power than BMW let on. There have been numerous, well-documented dynomometer runs of E39 540s with these engines (See Bimmer Forums for example) that generate between 260 and 270 HP at the rear wheels indicating that, given even a modest allowance for drive train power loss, the cars were producing crankshaft HP numbers that far exceeded what BMW published.
M5
and E52
Z8
. It is a 4.9 L (4941 cc) V8 engine
and is based on the same architecture as the regular aluminium block 4.4 L BMW
M62 powerplant found in the E39 540i. BMW Motorsport (M) Division has extensively modified the engine for increased power
and torque
.
Previous M5 engines were assembled at M division headquarters in Garching, Germany but the S62 M5 engines were assembled at the Dingolfing
assembly plant.
The M5's engine starts with an aluminum and silicon alloy Alusil
. Cylinder linings are etched after honing to promote oil retention and reduce friction. The S62's V8 block shares the M62's basic architecture but with 94.0 mm (3.7 in) cylinder bores compared to the M62's 92.0. The stroke is increased from 82.7 mm to 89.0 mm (3.5 in) significantly improving torque. This results in a displacement of 4941 cc. The cylinder centers are 98.0 mm apart, leaving only 4 mm of block surface between cylinders. For effective sealing with this tight cylinder spacing, BMW engineers developed new 3-layer steel head gaskets to help ensure isolation of gasoline, oil and coolant.
Based on the cylinder heads used in other BMW V8's, the M5's heads are re-jacketed for cross-flow cooling, as is customary in M division engines. The intake side of the heads also gets coolant passages. Valve adjustment is not needed, thanks to hydraulic lifters, as fitted on the US spec. E36
M3
inline-6. This is the first European-market M car to use hydraulic lifters.
The air induction system is also unique to the S62. Air is taken in at two points behind the front bumper, passes through two intake silencers and two hot-film air-mass meters, and then flows into the voluminous plenum atop the engine. From there, air courses through 230 mm-long intake runners (including the throttle housings) to the individual cylinders. The entire assembly of plenum and runners is attached to the throttle housings via a rubber/metal flange (one per bank) that acoustically and thermally decouples the plenum from the engine itself, thereby keeping the air cooler before it passes into the cylinders.
Admission of air to the cylinders is through eight individual throttle butterflies (each 48.2 mm or 1.897 in. in diameter), one for each cylinder. Other large M six cylinder engines powering the M1
, M5
and M6
models all had this feature. However, the S62 is the first BMW engine with electronically-actuated individual throttles. Each throttle operates in its own housing, mounted directly above the intake port. The electronic throttle linkage (a "drive-by-wire" system) is actuated by a DC servo motor between the cylinder banks. This motor drives two shafts, one linked to each bank, opening the throttle butterflies by moving a rod that connects the four throttles on each bank. The M Driving Dynamics Control System, controlled by the Sport button on the dash, provides two settings for throttle response: normal mode and a quicker sport mode. In sport mode, throttle response is more immediate and linear. In normal mode, throttle tip-in is softer and more languid. Additionally, the throttles of cylinders 4 and 8 also have their own feedback sensors to monitor the throttles' operation. If a fault is recognized, the system switches to one of four "limp-home" modes that can allow operation at up to 100 km/h.
Bosch
Motronic
port fuel injection is utilized. Fuel pressure, at up to 5 bar (72.5 psi), varies according to need. The fuel regulator is also plumbed into the fuel filter. Excess fuel delivered to the filter/regulator returns directly to the fuel tank without passing through the fuel lines to the engine compartment and fuel rails. This keeps fuel temperature to a minimum.
The S62 is BMW's first V8 engine equipped with Double VANOS
; a system that steplessly varies the timing
of both intake and exhaust valves of both cylinder banks. The VANOS acronym refers to variable cam control or variable valve timing which in German is VAriable NOckenwellen Steuerung. Double VANOS is employed for the first time on a BMW V8 with the introduction of the S62 engine.
As on other BMW engines, the VANOS mechanisms are located at the front of the cylinder heads. The 100 bar (1,450 psi) of hydraulic pressure used to actuate VANOS is produced by two dedicated oil pumps; one for each cylinder head. Valve timing is varied over a range of 60 degrees in terms of crankshaft rotation with a wider adjustment range than that of other BMW engines.
A forged five-main bearing crankshaft with counterweights receives Mallory metal plugs for extremely fine balance. Connecting rods are forged as one piece. The caps are then fracture split for the best possible fit when being installed. Balancing pads are also placed on both small and large ends of the rods.
Piston design is unique to the S62 motor. For optimum power output, engineers designed specifically shaped cutouts in the piston crowns for the intake and exhaust valves. This requires a different piston design for each cylinder bank, rather than the usual identical design for all pistons. Pistons are cooled by two upward-firing oil jets in each cylinder. The oil jets are indexed to oil pressure; when pressure reaches 2.5 bar (36.3 psi), they begin operating. The compression ratio is 11.0:1, 10% higher than for the 4.4 L V8.
Given the 45 degree cant (from vertical) of the cylinder banks, natural return of oil to the sump might have been inadequate during extreme cornering. Thus, engineers devised a unique system to ensure effective engine lubrication at all times. In addition to the main oil (pressure) pump, there are two scavenging (suction) pumps, one for each cylinder bank. In normal and light cornering conditions, oil from the heads and main bearings flow back into the semi-dry sump at the rear of the engine via the two suction pumps. In hard cornering (0.9g or more), the Dynamic Stability Control system's lateral-g sensor switches magnetic valves to reroute oil extraction points to alternate locations (the outer sides of the heads and sump) preventing a backup of oil collecting in the outside of the head, thus avoiding potential oil starvation. This system remains active even if the driver switches off the Dynamic Stability Control.
The oil level (sump capacity of 7 litres) and temperature are monitored by a thermal sensor. A warning appears in the Check Control display if the oil level falls below a certain point. An oil-temperature gauge replaces the fuel economy gauge in the tachometer face. Oil is cooled by coolant-oil heat exchangers in the block.
The V-8's two cylinder heads are modified to provide efficient coolant flow across the head and the coolant passages are enlarged. Coolant is circulated by a larger water pump with a capacity of 380 liters per minute (83.6 gallons/min). Improvements in radiator efficiency negated any reason to enlarge it for the M5.
Other significant features of the cylinder heads include hollow camshafts of nodular cast iron for reduced inertia. The S62's 35 mm intake and 30.5 mm exhaust valves are shared with the M62 engine, but valve timing is unique. The intake cam profiles yield 10.32 mm (0.406299212598425 in) valve lift and 252 degrees total duration and the exhaust cam profiles yield 10.2 mm (0.401574803149606 in) lift and 248 degrees duration, with Double VANOS
shifting their timing to vary overlap. As in other BMW V8 and 6-cylinder engines, the valves are actuated by no-maintenance bucket-type hydraulic lifters.
In place of the M62 engine's simplex roller chain driving both intake camshafts, the S62 employs a heavier-duty duplex (double roller) chain driving each intake camshaft. As in the M62, two secondary simplex chains then drive the exhaust camshafts from the intake camshafts.
Exiting the engine through double-wall stainless-steel exhaust headers (as on the M62 engine), exhaust gases then flow through one tri-metal catalytic converter per cylinder bank. There are four oxygen sensors: two ahead of the converters and two behind. Aft of the catalytic converters, the full dual exhaust system includes two resonators and four mufflers that end in four stainless-steel outlets.
The variable tachometer warning zone reminds drivers that a cold engine (especially a high-performance one) should be treated with care. When the engine is first started, the tachometer's warning zone (indicated by orange LED
s) begins at 4000 rpm. As the engine warms, LEDs are extinguished to lift the limit in increments of 500 rpm until the warning field begins at its normal 6500 rpm. The actual rpm limit is 7000.
The S62 engine produces 294 kW at 6600 rpm and 500 newton metre of torque at 3800 rpm. It is easily identified by its large central intake velocity stack chamber cover that carries the "M" logo and is further inscribed with "BMW M Power" against a simulated carbon fiber background.
Applications:
BMW
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG is a German automobile, motorcycle and engine manufacturing company founded in 1916. It also owns and produces the Mini marque, and is the parent company of Rolls-Royce Motor Cars. BMW produces motorcycles under BMW Motorrad and Husqvarna brands...
M62 is a V8
V8 engine
A V8 engine is a V engine with eight cylinders mounted on the crankcase in two banks of four cylinders, in most cases set at a right angle to each other but sometimes at a narrower angle, with all eight pistons driving a common crankshaft....
piston engine, built in Munich, Germany. It has an aluminum block with 98 mm bore centers and two aluminum DOHC
Overhead camshaft
Overhead cam valvetrain configurations place the engine camshaft within the cylinder heads, above the combustion chambers, and drive the valves or lifters in a more direct manner compared to overhead valves and pushrods...
cylinder heads.
M62
The M62 block does not use cast iron liners, which are less able to dissipate heat than aluminum. The aluminum alloy used to manufacture the M62 block contains high levels of silicon (called AlusilAlusil
Alusil as a hypereutectic aluminium-silicon alloy contains approximately 78% aluminium and 17% silicon. This alloy was created in 1927 by Schweizer & Fehrenbach of Baden-Baden Germany and further developed by Kolbenschmidt....
). The block is etched to expose the silica, creating a bearing surface in the cylinder. This was an improvement over the earlier M60
BMW M60
The M60 is the internal code for the V8 engine manufactured by BMW from April 1992 to 1995. It replaced the BMW M30 inline six - with the exception of the BMW E32, in which the M30B30 continued to be available.-Development:...
V8, that used a Nikasil
Nikasil
Nikasil is a trademarked electrodeposited lipophilic nickel matrix silicon carbide coating for engine components, mainly piston engine cylinder liners. It was introduced by Mahle in 1967, initially developed to allow rotary engine apex seals to work directly against the aluminum housing...
cylinder wall coating, which deteriorated with the use of gasoline containing sulfur in the nickel plated combustion chambers. All M62 engines produced for the US market were built using Alusil only, which is not subject to the corrosion problem associated with Nikasil. Other countries did get the Nikasil M62 engine though.
BMW slowly stopped using Nikasil in the M62, and in 1997, they issued a service bulletin to state that the M62 engine will no longer use Nikasil from March 1997 on. This applied to all markets.
During the first 2 years of production of the M62 (From 1995 to 1997), many engines were built using Nikasil, but most of them had no issues whatsoever because they were delivered in countries were the gas was properly treated and the levels of sulfur found in them were not harmful.
Screenshot of the BMW TIS bulletin published in 1997:
Part 1:
link BMW M60/M62 Nikasil Bulletin
Part 2:
link BMW M60/M62 Nikasil Bulletin
The M62 is fitted with Sequential fuel injection
Fuel injection
Fuel injection is a system for admitting fuel into an internal combustion engine. It has become the primary fuel delivery system used in automotive petrol engines, having almost completely replaced carburetors in the late 1980s....
(or SFI), as well as double overhead camshafts with 4 valves per cylinder. It also sports fracture-split, forged, powdered metal connecting rods. In addition, the M62TU offered on later models is fitted with BMW's VANOS VVT system.
| Engine | Code | Displacement | Power | Torque | Redline | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M62B35 | 358S1 | 3.5 L 3498 cc | 173 kW @ 5700 | 320 newton metre @ 3300 | 6200 | 1996 |
| M62TUB35 | 358S2 | 175 kW @ 5800 | 345 newton metre @ 3800 | 1998 | ||
| 180 kW @ 5800 | 345 newton metre @ 3800 | 1998 | ||||
| M62B44 | 448S1 | 4.4 L 4398 cc | 210 kW @ 5700 | 420 newton metre @ 3900 | 6100 | 1996 |
| M62TUB44 | 448S2 | 210 kW @ 5400 | 440 newton metre @ 3600 | 1998 | ||
| M62B46 | 468S1 | 4.6 L 4619 cc | 255 kW @ 5700 | 480 newton metre @ 3700 | 6500 | 2001 |
| S62B50 | 508S1 | 4.9 L 4941 cc | 294 kW @ 6600 | 500 newton metre @ 3800 | 7000 | 1998 |
M62B35
The 3.5 L (3498 cc) M62B35 was introduced in the 1996 535i.Applications: and 320 newton metre
-
- 1996-1997 E39BMW E39The BMW E39 is the BMW 5 Series made between 1995 and 2003. The E39 was the successor of the BMW E34 in 1995, and itself was replaced by the E60 platform in 2003. Sales to Germany and the United Kingdom began in 1995, and by 1996 sales to the rest of the world had commenced. A mid-generational...
535i - 1996-1997 E38BMW E38The BMW E38 model was the basis for the 1995 through 2001 BMW 7 Series automobiles. Developed from early 1988 to 1994, it was unveiled in the summer of 1994, replacing the BMW E32 that September and itself was replaced by the BMW E65/E66 for the 2002 model year.The E38 models were offered with...
735i/735iL and 345 newton metre - 1999-2001 E38BMW E38The BMW E38 model was the basis for the 1995 through 2001 BMW 7 Series automobiles. Developed from early 1988 to 1994, it was unveiled in the summer of 1994, replacing the BMW E32 that September and itself was replaced by the BMW E65/E66 for the 2002 model year.The E38 models were offered with...
735i/735iL and 345 newton metre - 1998-2003 E39BMW E39The BMW E39 is the BMW 5 Series made between 1995 and 2003. The E39 was the successor of the BMW E34 in 1995, and itself was replaced by the E60 platform in 2003. Sales to Germany and the United Kingdom began in 1995, and by 1996 sales to the rest of the world had commenced. A mid-generational...
535i
- 1996-1997 E39
M62B44
The M62B44 is a 4.4 L (4398 cc) M62 generation power plant with a 92 mm bore and 82.7 mm stroke. M62B44 didn't include BMW's VANOSVANOS
VANOS is an automobile variable valve timing technology developed by BMW in close collaboration with Continental Teves. VANOS varies the timing of the valves by moving the position of the camshafts in relation to the drive gear...
variable valve timing system.
and 420 newton metre / Mechanical Throttle
-
- 1996-1998 E39BMW E39The BMW E39 is the BMW 5 Series made between 1995 and 2003. The E39 was the successor of the BMW E34 in 1995, and itself was replaced by the E60 platform in 2003. Sales to Germany and the United Kingdom began in 1995, and by 1996 sales to the rest of the world had commenced. A mid-generational...
540i - 1996-1998 E38BMW E38The BMW E38 model was the basis for the 1995 through 2001 BMW 7 Series automobiles. Developed from early 1988 to 1994, it was unveiled in the summer of 1994, replacing the BMW E32 that September and itself was replaced by the BMW E65/E66 for the 2002 model year.The E38 models were offered with...
740i/740iL - 1996-1997 E31 840Ci
- 1996-1998 E39
M62TUB44
In September 1998, BMW introduced the M62TUB44, including within it the VANOSVANOS
VANOS is an automobile variable valve timing technology developed by BMW in close collaboration with Continental Teves. VANOS varies the timing of the valves by moving the position of the camshafts in relation to the drive gear...
system and an electronically actuated throttle. Each bank of cylinders included a single-stage VANOS system, and only on the intake valve timing (not the exhaust valves).
The engine design also included slightly larger mass-airflow sensor and lower flow intake plenum runners which improved lower RPM torque characteristics at the cost of some high-rpm flow. Non-"TUB" intake manifolds can be transplanted onto a M62TUB44 engine to improve high (>3400) RPM torque and power characteristics (similar in effect to the swap of OBD1 manifolds onto newer OBD2 generation M52/S52). Dinan also sold this modification under a Dinan performance package (but the BMW part numbers are equivalent to stock -B44 manifolds).
and 440 newton metre / Electronic Throttle -SINGLE vanos;the M5 S62 was the first BMW V8 (and only E39 V8) with dual vanos. In 2002, the power was increased from 210 kW to 216 kW while torque remained the same.
-
- 1998-2003 E39BMW E39The BMW E39 is the BMW 5 Series made between 1995 and 2003. The E39 was the successor of the BMW E34 in 1995, and itself was replaced by the E60 platform in 2003. Sales to Germany and the United Kingdom began in 1995, and by 1996 sales to the rest of the world had commenced. A mid-generational...
540i - 1999-2001 E38BMW E38The BMW E38 model was the basis for the 1995 through 2001 BMW 7 Series automobiles. Developed from early 1988 to 1994, it was unveiled in the summer of 1994, replacing the BMW E32 that September and itself was replaced by the BMW E65/E66 for the 2002 model year.The E38 models were offered with...
740i/740iL - 1999-2003 E53BMW E53The BMW E53 series is the basis for the 1999 through 2006 BMW X5 Sports Activity Vehicle . Production ceased September, 2006 and has been replaced by the BMW E70...
X5 4.4iBMW X5The BMW X5 is a luxury crossover SUV introduced in 1999 as the first generation E53. It was BMW's first SUV also known as "Four-by-Four" in the UK. It features all-wheel drive which is branded as the "X" drive system and is available with either manual or automatic transmission... - 2003-2005 Land RoverLand RoverLand Rover is a British car manufacturer with its headquarters in Gaydon, Warwickshire, United Kingdom which specialises in four-wheel-drive vehicles. It is owned by the Indian company Tata Motors, forming part of their Jaguar Land Rover group...
Range Rover 4.4Range RoverThe Range Rover is a large luxury four-wheel drive sport utility vehicle produced by British car maker Land Rover. The model, launched in 1970, is now in its third generation... - 2000-2004 Morgan Aero 8 Series 1http://www.autosite.com/content/research/buyersguide/index.cfm/action/viewGuide/year_si/2005/make_vch/Morgan/model_vch/Aero%208/xml/2005-morgan-aero-8.xml
- 1998-2003 E39
M62B46
- The M62B46 was a 4.6 L (4619 cc) version producing 255 kW and 480 newton metre of torque. To increase torque and power outputs for the E53-based variant of the M62 engine, stroke was increased from 82.7mm to 85.0mm while bore was increased from 92.0mm to 93.0mm, giving an effective displacement of 4619cc.
- 1997-2002 E39BMW E39The BMW E39 is the BMW 5 Series made between 1995 and 2003. The E39 was the successor of the BMW E34 in 1995, and itself was replaced by the E60 platform in 2003. Sales to Germany and the United Kingdom began in 1995, and by 1996 sales to the rest of the world had commenced. A mid-generational...
AlpinaAlpinaAlpina Burkard Bovensiepen GmbH is an automobile manufacturing company based in Buchloe, in the Ostallgäu district of Bavaria, Germany selling their own cars, based on BMW cars....
B10 - 2002-2003 E53BMW E53The BMW E53 series is the basis for the 1999 through 2006 BMW X5 Sports Activity Vehicle . Production ceased September, 2006 and has been replaced by the BMW E70...
X5 4.6isBMW X5The BMW X5 is a luxury crossover SUV introduced in 1999 as the first generation E53. It was BMW's first SUV also known as "Four-by-Four" in the UK. It features all-wheel drive which is branded as the "X" drive system and is available with either manual or automatic transmission...
- 1997-2002 E39
Parenthetically, it seems odd that the 4.4 liter M62 has the same published HP of its predecessor, the 4.0 liter M60. It is well known that these engines made more power than BMW let on. There have been numerous, well-documented dynomometer runs of E39 540s with these engines (See Bimmer Forums for example) that generate between 260 and 270 HP at the rear wheels indicating that, given even a modest allowance for drive train power loss, the cars were producing crankshaft HP numbers that far exceeded what BMW published.
S62
The high-performance S62 was made for the E39BMW E39
The BMW E39 is the BMW 5 Series made between 1995 and 2003. The E39 was the successor of the BMW E34 in 1995, and itself was replaced by the E60 platform in 2003. Sales to Germany and the United Kingdom began in 1995, and by 1996 sales to the rest of the world had commenced. A mid-generational...
M5
BMW M5
The first BMW M5, based on the E28 5 Series, made its debut at Amsterdam Motor Show in February 1984. It was the product of demand for an automobile with the carrying capacity of a saloon , but the overall performance of a sports car. It utilized the 535i chassis and an evolution of the engine from...
and E52
BMW E52
The BMW E52 automobile platform was the basis for the 2000 through 2004 Z8 convertible sports car....
Z8
BMW Z8
The BMW Z8 was a roadster car produced by German automaker BMW from 1999-2003. It was given the E52 BMW model code.The Z8 was the production variant of the 1997 Z07 concept car, which was designed by Henrik Fisker at BMW's DesignworksUSA in Southern California. The Z07 originally was designed as a...
. It is a 4.9 L (4941 cc) V8 engine
V8 engine
A V8 engine is a V engine with eight cylinders mounted on the crankcase in two banks of four cylinders, in most cases set at a right angle to each other but sometimes at a narrower angle, with all eight pistons driving a common crankshaft....
and is based on the same architecture as the regular aluminium block 4.4 L BMW
BMW
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG is a German automobile, motorcycle and engine manufacturing company founded in 1916. It also owns and produces the Mini marque, and is the parent company of Rolls-Royce Motor Cars. BMW produces motorcycles under BMW Motorrad and Husqvarna brands...
M62 powerplant found in the E39 540i. BMW Motorsport (M) Division has extensively modified the engine for increased power
Power (physics)
In physics, power is the rate at which energy is transferred, used, or transformed. For example, the rate at which a light bulb transforms electrical energy into heat and light is measured in watts—the more wattage, the more power, or equivalently the more electrical energy is used per unit...
and torque
Torque
Torque, moment or moment of force , is the tendency of a force to rotate an object about an axis, fulcrum, or pivot. Just as a force is a push or a pull, a torque can be thought of as a twist....
.
Previous M5 engines were assembled at M division headquarters in Garching, Germany but the S62 M5 engines were assembled at the Dingolfing
Dingolfing
Dingolfing is a town in Southern Bavaria, Germany. It is the seat of the Landkreis Dingolfing-Landau.- History :The area now called Dingolfing was first mentioned in Tinguluinga in the year 833....
assembly plant.
The M5's engine starts with an aluminum and silicon alloy Alusil
Alusil
Alusil as a hypereutectic aluminium-silicon alloy contains approximately 78% aluminium and 17% silicon. This alloy was created in 1927 by Schweizer & Fehrenbach of Baden-Baden Germany and further developed by Kolbenschmidt....
. Cylinder linings are etched after honing to promote oil retention and reduce friction. The S62's V8 block shares the M62's basic architecture but with 94.0 mm (3.7 in) cylinder bores compared to the M62's 92.0. The stroke is increased from 82.7 mm to 89.0 mm (3.5 in) significantly improving torque. This results in a displacement of 4941 cc. The cylinder centers are 98.0 mm apart, leaving only 4 mm of block surface between cylinders. For effective sealing with this tight cylinder spacing, BMW engineers developed new 3-layer steel head gaskets to help ensure isolation of gasoline, oil and coolant.
Based on the cylinder heads used in other BMW V8's, the M5's heads are re-jacketed for cross-flow cooling, as is customary in M division engines. The intake side of the heads also gets coolant passages. Valve adjustment is not needed, thanks to hydraulic lifters, as fitted on the US spec. E36
BMW E36
The BMW E36 is the third generation of the 3 Series compact executive cars produced by BMW. It was introduced in late 1990 for Europe and in late 1991 for US and Canada. It was the successor to the E30 3 Series and was eventually replaced by the E90 3 Series in 2005, though E36 coupes were still...
M3
BMW M3
The BMW M3 is a high-performance version of the BMW 3 Series, developed by BMW's in-house motorsport division, BMW M. M3 models have been derived from the E30, E36, E46 and E90/E92/E93 3-series, and sold with coupé, sedan and convertible body styles...
inline-6. This is the first European-market M car to use hydraulic lifters.
The air induction system is also unique to the S62. Air is taken in at two points behind the front bumper, passes through two intake silencers and two hot-film air-mass meters, and then flows into the voluminous plenum atop the engine. From there, air courses through 230 mm-long intake runners (including the throttle housings) to the individual cylinders. The entire assembly of plenum and runners is attached to the throttle housings via a rubber/metal flange (one per bank) that acoustically and thermally decouples the plenum from the engine itself, thereby keeping the air cooler before it passes into the cylinders.
Admission of air to the cylinders is through eight individual throttle butterflies (each 48.2 mm or 1.897 in. in diameter), one for each cylinder. Other large M six cylinder engines powering the M1
BMW M1
The BMW M1 is a sports car that was produced by German automaker BMW from 1978 to 1981.In the late 1970s, Italian manufacturer Lamborghini entered into an agreement with BMW to build a production racing car in sufficient quantity for homologation. The result was sold to the public, from 1978 to...
, M5
BMW M5
The first BMW M5, based on the E28 5 Series, made its debut at Amsterdam Motor Show in February 1984. It was the product of demand for an automobile with the carrying capacity of a saloon , but the overall performance of a sports car. It utilized the 535i chassis and an evolution of the engine from...
and M6
BMW M6
The BMW M6, also known as the BMW M635CSi, is a high-performance version of the 6-Series automobile, designed by the motorsport division of BMW...
models all had this feature. However, the S62 is the first BMW engine with electronically-actuated individual throttles. Each throttle operates in its own housing, mounted directly above the intake port. The electronic throttle linkage (a "drive-by-wire" system) is actuated by a DC servo motor between the cylinder banks. This motor drives two shafts, one linked to each bank, opening the throttle butterflies by moving a rod that connects the four throttles on each bank. The M Driving Dynamics Control System, controlled by the Sport button on the dash, provides two settings for throttle response: normal mode and a quicker sport mode. In sport mode, throttle response is more immediate and linear. In normal mode, throttle tip-in is softer and more languid. Additionally, the throttles of cylinders 4 and 8 also have their own feedback sensors to monitor the throttles' operation. If a fault is recognized, the system switches to one of four "limp-home" modes that can allow operation at up to 100 km/h.
Bosch
Robert Bosch GmbH
Robert Bosch GmbH is a multinational engineering and electronics company headquartered in Gerlingen, near Stuttgart, Germany. It is the world's largest supplier of automotive components...
Motronic
Motronic
Motronic is the trade name given to a range of digital engine-management systems developed by Robert Bosch GmbH, commonly known as Bosch.-Motronic ML1.x:Motronic ML1.x was one of the first digital engine-management systems developed by Bosch...
port fuel injection is utilized. Fuel pressure, at up to 5 bar (72.5 psi), varies according to need. The fuel regulator is also plumbed into the fuel filter. Excess fuel delivered to the filter/regulator returns directly to the fuel tank without passing through the fuel lines to the engine compartment and fuel rails. This keeps fuel temperature to a minimum.
The S62 is BMW's first V8 engine equipped with Double VANOS
VANOS
VANOS is an automobile variable valve timing technology developed by BMW in close collaboration with Continental Teves. VANOS varies the timing of the valves by moving the position of the camshafts in relation to the drive gear...
; a system that steplessly varies the timing
Variable valve timing
In internal combustion engines, variable valve timing , also known as Variable valve actuation , is a generalized term used to describe any mechanism or method that can alter the shape or timing of a valve lift event within an internal combustion engine...
of both intake and exhaust valves of both cylinder banks. The VANOS acronym refers to variable cam control or variable valve timing which in German is VAriable NOckenwellen Steuerung. Double VANOS is employed for the first time on a BMW V8 with the introduction of the S62 engine.
As on other BMW engines, the VANOS mechanisms are located at the front of the cylinder heads. The 100 bar (1,450 psi) of hydraulic pressure used to actuate VANOS is produced by two dedicated oil pumps; one for each cylinder head. Valve timing is varied over a range of 60 degrees in terms of crankshaft rotation with a wider adjustment range than that of other BMW engines.
A forged five-main bearing crankshaft with counterweights receives Mallory metal plugs for extremely fine balance. Connecting rods are forged as one piece. The caps are then fracture split for the best possible fit when being installed. Balancing pads are also placed on both small and large ends of the rods.
Piston design is unique to the S62 motor. For optimum power output, engineers designed specifically shaped cutouts in the piston crowns for the intake and exhaust valves. This requires a different piston design for each cylinder bank, rather than the usual identical design for all pistons. Pistons are cooled by two upward-firing oil jets in each cylinder. The oil jets are indexed to oil pressure; when pressure reaches 2.5 bar (36.3 psi), they begin operating. The compression ratio is 11.0:1, 10% higher than for the 4.4 L V8.
Given the 45 degree cant (from vertical) of the cylinder banks, natural return of oil to the sump might have been inadequate during extreme cornering. Thus, engineers devised a unique system to ensure effective engine lubrication at all times. In addition to the main oil (pressure) pump, there are two scavenging (suction) pumps, one for each cylinder bank. In normal and light cornering conditions, oil from the heads and main bearings flow back into the semi-dry sump at the rear of the engine via the two suction pumps. In hard cornering (0.9g or more), the Dynamic Stability Control system's lateral-g sensor switches magnetic valves to reroute oil extraction points to alternate locations (the outer sides of the heads and sump) preventing a backup of oil collecting in the outside of the head, thus avoiding potential oil starvation. This system remains active even if the driver switches off the Dynamic Stability Control.
The oil level (sump capacity of 7 litres) and temperature are monitored by a thermal sensor. A warning appears in the Check Control display if the oil level falls below a certain point. An oil-temperature gauge replaces the fuel economy gauge in the tachometer face. Oil is cooled by coolant-oil heat exchangers in the block.
The V-8's two cylinder heads are modified to provide efficient coolant flow across the head and the coolant passages are enlarged. Coolant is circulated by a larger water pump with a capacity of 380 liters per minute (83.6 gallons/min). Improvements in radiator efficiency negated any reason to enlarge it for the M5.
Other significant features of the cylinder heads include hollow camshafts of nodular cast iron for reduced inertia. The S62's 35 mm intake and 30.5 mm exhaust valves are shared with the M62 engine, but valve timing is unique. The intake cam profiles yield 10.32 mm (0.406299212598425 in) valve lift and 252 degrees total duration and the exhaust cam profiles yield 10.2 mm (0.401574803149606 in) lift and 248 degrees duration, with Double VANOS
VANOS
VANOS is an automobile variable valve timing technology developed by BMW in close collaboration with Continental Teves. VANOS varies the timing of the valves by moving the position of the camshafts in relation to the drive gear...
shifting their timing to vary overlap. As in other BMW V8 and 6-cylinder engines, the valves are actuated by no-maintenance bucket-type hydraulic lifters.
In place of the M62 engine's simplex roller chain driving both intake camshafts, the S62 employs a heavier-duty duplex (double roller) chain driving each intake camshaft. As in the M62, two secondary simplex chains then drive the exhaust camshafts from the intake camshafts.
Exiting the engine through double-wall stainless-steel exhaust headers (as on the M62 engine), exhaust gases then flow through one tri-metal catalytic converter per cylinder bank. There are four oxygen sensors: two ahead of the converters and two behind. Aft of the catalytic converters, the full dual exhaust system includes two resonators and four mufflers that end in four stainless-steel outlets.
The variable tachometer warning zone reminds drivers that a cold engine (especially a high-performance one) should be treated with care. When the engine is first started, the tachometer's warning zone (indicated by orange LED
Light-emitting diode
A light-emitting diode is a semiconductor light source. LEDs are used as indicator lamps in many devices and are increasingly used for other lighting...
s) begins at 4000 rpm. As the engine warms, LEDs are extinguished to lift the limit in increments of 500 rpm until the warning field begins at its normal 6500 rpm. The actual rpm limit is 7000.
The S62 engine produces 294 kW at 6600 rpm and 500 newton metre of torque at 3800 rpm. It is easily identified by its large central intake velocity stack chamber cover that carries the "M" logo and is further inscribed with "BMW M Power" against a simulated carbon fiber background.
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