BAYAN
Encyclopedia
Bagong Alyansang Makabayan (English
: New Patriotic Alliance) or Bayan is a leftist political coalition
in the Philippines
. Bayan is associated with political parties Alliance of Concerned Teachers
, Anakpawis
, Bayan Muna
, Gabriela Women's party
, and Kabataan. They currently have a combined total of six in the representatives 15th Congress of the Philippines
: Teodoro Casiño
, Neri Colmenares, Emerenciana de Jesus, Luzviminda Ilagan
, Rafael V. Mariano
, Raymond Palatino
, and Antonio Tinio. The nickname "Bayan" was picked since it stands for nation or community in Filipino
. The party contested the Philippine Senate election, 2010
as the Makabayan Coalition.
and former senator Lorenzo Tanada
. Started in May 1985 during the Ferdinand Marcos
dictatorship
. It brought together more than a thousand grassroots and progressive organizations, representing over a million people, largely "national democratic" groups aligned with the Communist Party of the Philippines
.
It was a participant in the People Power Revolution against the Marcos dictatorship, contributing to one of the first of the non-violent, popular revolutions of the 1980s as well as involved in the creation of now-defunct Partido ng Bayan that participated during the 1987 elections. However, since 1998, Bayan Muna
, the political party of the organization, has been the leading party-list member in the House of Representatives of the Philippines
.
On August 7, 2002, the secretary-general of BAYAN, Teodoro A. Casiño
, claimed that under the Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
presidency, soldiers murdered at least 13 BAYAN and BAYAN Muna
members.
Claims such as these are consistent with reports from Amnesty International
. For example, on April 22, 2003, Amnesty International claimed that as part of the government's anti-insurgency campaign against the New Peoples' Army (NPA), there were systematic human rights violations such as disappearances, torture
, extrajudicial executions and arbitrary arrests carried out by national security forces and paramilitary
groups known as militia
s. According to the reports, both civilians and members of legally recognised organizations considered to be related to the NPA are at risk, especially in provinces such as Oriental Mindoro
.
After the 2007 elections, and the death of Anakpawis
representative Crispin Beltran
, BAYAN now has five combined representatives in the 14th Congress of the Philippines
, Satur Ocampo
and Teodoro Casiño
of Bayan Muna
, Rafael V. Mariano
of Anakpawis
, and Liza Maza
and Luzviminda Ilagan
of GABRIELA
.
In the 2010 elections Bayan has 7 congressmen in the lower house. Including Raymond Palatino, Neri Colmenares, Luzviminda Iligan.
, democratic or feudal, hierarchical or non-hierarchical
, and whether it is nationalist or not or even if it is racist or not. Its own documentation suggests that it is a centralized organization, including:
, Kilusan ng Manggawang Kababaihan (Women Workers' Movement), SAMAKANA (Association of United and Free Women) and AMIHAN (National Federation of Peasant Women), Health Workers' organizations such as the Health Alliance for Democracy (HEAD), educational/scientific organizations such as the Alliance of Concerned Teachers
and Scientists, Technologists, Engineers for the People (STEP), fisherfolk such as Pambansang Lakas ng Kilusang Mamamalakaya ng Pilipinas (PAMALAKAYA - National Federation of Fisherfolk Organizations), cultural organizations such as BUGKOS, and indigenous people's organizations such as Kalipunan ng mga Katutubong Mamamayan ng Pilipinas (KAMP - National Federation Of Indigenous Peoples' Organizations), MIGRANTE -Alliance of Filipino Migrants Organizations.
In a resolution past during the BAYAN 7th Congress in August 2004, the coalition would expand to include overseas Filipino organizations as official members of BAYAN. In January 2005, the first BAYAN USA assembly was held in San Francisco. As the first overseas BAYAN chapter, BAYAN USA directly coordinated the implementation of BAYAN campaigns to BAYAN member organizations in the United States. These organizations include the NY Committee for Human Rights in the Philippines, League of Filipino Students in San Francisco State University, Anakbayan (New York/New Jersey, Los Angeles, San Diego, Honolulu, East Bay and Seattle), the Critical Filipino/Filipina Studies Collective, Habi Ng Kalinangan, babaeSF (San Francisco), Pinay Sa Seattle, and Filipinas for Rights and Empowerment (FiRE).
English language
English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...
: New Patriotic Alliance) or Bayan is a leftist political coalition
Left-wing politics
In politics, Left, left-wing and leftist generally refer to support for social change to create a more egalitarian society...
in the Philippines
Philippines
The Philippines , officially known as the Republic of the Philippines , is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam...
. Bayan is associated with political parties Alliance of Concerned Teachers
Alliance of Concerned Teachers
The Alliance of Concerned Teachers is a progressive, militant and nationalist organization of teachers, academic non-teaching personnel and non-academic non-teaching personnel established on June 26, 1982 in the Philippines...
, Anakpawis
Anakpawis
Anakpawis is a party-list in the Philippines. The party-list is the electoral wing of the radical trade union movement Kilusang Mayo Uno.In the 2004 elections for the House of Representatives the party-list obtained 538,396 votes and two seats...
, Bayan Muna
Bayan Muna
Bayan Muna is a leftist political party in the Philippines.The motto of the party is "New Politics, the Politics of Change", against "traditional, elitist, pro-imperialist politics". Its platform includes the advocation of a government that progressively supports the working class, with meaningful...
, Gabriela Women's party
GABRIELA
GABRIELA is a leftist Filipino organization that advocates for women's issues.It is a nationwide network of grassroots organizations, institutions, and programs that address issues such as human rights, poverty, globalization, militarism, violence, health, sex trafficking, censorship and other...
, and Kabataan. They currently have a combined total of six in the representatives 15th Congress of the Philippines
15th Congress of the Philippines
The Fifteenth Congress of the Philippines is the current meeting of the national legislature of the Republic of the Philippines, composed of the Senate and House of Representatives...
: Teodoro Casiño
Teodoro Casiño
Teodoro A. Casiño is a Filipino partylist representative, writer and journalist. He is a member of the House of Representatives for Bayan Muna in the 14th Congress of the Philippines.-Early Biography:...
, Neri Colmenares, Emerenciana de Jesus, Luzviminda Ilagan
Luzviminda Ilagan
Luzviminda Ilagan is a Filipino politician and development worker. She represents the GABRIELA Women's Partylist in the 14th Congress of the Philippines.-Batasang Pambansa Bombing:...
, Rafael V. Mariano
Rafael V. Mariano
Rafael V. Mariano is a Filipino politician and farmer. He is a member of the House of Representatives for Anakpawis in the 13th Congress of the Philippines.-External links:* *...
, Raymond Palatino
Raymond Palatino
Raymond Palatino is a Filipino activist and youth leader. He represents the Kabataan Party in the 14th Congress of the Philippines.Palatino became a member of the House of Representatives following the decision of the Philippine Supreme Court declaring the entitlement of Kabataan Party to a seat...
, and Antonio Tinio. The nickname "Bayan" was picked since it stands for nation or community in Filipino
Filipino language
This move has drawn much criticism from other regional groups.In 1987, a new constitution introduced many provisions for the language.Article XIV, Section 6, omits any mention of Tagalog as the basis for Filipino, and states that:...
. The party contested the Philippine Senate election, 2010
Philippine Senate election, 2010
Election to the Senate of the Philippines was held on Monday, May 10, 2010. This is to elect 12 of the 24 seats in the Senate. Together with those elected in 2007, they will comprise the 15th Congress. The senators elected in 2007 will serve until June 30, 2013, while the senators elected in this...
as the Makabayan Coalition.
History
Bayan was founded by political activist Leandro AlejandroLeandro Alejandro
Leandro Legara Alejandro , known among activists and street parliamentarians as Lean, was an activist, a student leader, and a Left-wing nationalist in the mold of Lorenzo Tañada, Jose Diokno, and Ninoy Aquino....
and former senator Lorenzo Tanada
Lorenzo Tañada
Lorenzo Martinez Tañada was a Filipino politician. Elected to the first Philippine Senate in 1947, he was the longest-serving senator in Philippine history. He served as a Philippine senator for 24 years.-Early life:...
. Started in May 1985 during the Ferdinand Marcos
Ferdinand Marcos
Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos, Sr. was a Filipino leader and an authoritarian President of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986. He was a lawyer, member of the Philippine House of Representatives and a member of the Philippine Senate...
dictatorship
Dictatorship
A dictatorship is defined as an autocratic form of government in which the government is ruled by an individual, the dictator. It has three possible meanings:...
. It brought together more than a thousand grassroots and progressive organizations, representing over a million people, largely "national democratic" groups aligned with the Communist Party of the Philippines
Communist Party of the Philippines
The Communist Party of the Philippines is a leading communist party in the Philippines. It remains an underground political organization since its founding on December 26, 1968 and has been operating in clandestine manner since its founding...
.
It was a participant in the People Power Revolution against the Marcos dictatorship, contributing to one of the first of the non-violent, popular revolutions of the 1980s as well as involved in the creation of now-defunct Partido ng Bayan that participated during the 1987 elections. However, since 1998, Bayan Muna
Bayan Muna
Bayan Muna is a leftist political party in the Philippines.The motto of the party is "New Politics, the Politics of Change", against "traditional, elitist, pro-imperialist politics". Its platform includes the advocation of a government that progressively supports the working class, with meaningful...
, the political party of the organization, has been the leading party-list member in the House of Representatives of the Philippines
House of Representatives of the Philippines
The House of Representatives of the Philippines is the lower chamber of the...
.
On August 7, 2002, the secretary-general of BAYAN, Teodoro A. Casiño
Teodoro Casiño
Teodoro A. Casiño is a Filipino partylist representative, writer and journalist. He is a member of the House of Representatives for Bayan Muna in the 14th Congress of the Philippines.-Early Biography:...
, claimed that under the Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo is a Filipino politician who served as the 14th President of the Philippines from 2001 to 2010, as the 12th Vice President of the Philippines from 1998 to 2001, and is currently a member of the House of Representatives representing the 2nd District of Pampanga...
presidency, soldiers murdered at least 13 BAYAN and BAYAN Muna
Bayan Muna
Bayan Muna is a leftist political party in the Philippines.The motto of the party is "New Politics, the Politics of Change", against "traditional, elitist, pro-imperialist politics". Its platform includes the advocation of a government that progressively supports the working class, with meaningful...
members.
Claims such as these are consistent with reports from Amnesty International
Amnesty International
Amnesty International is an international non-governmental organisation whose stated mission is "to conduct research and generate action to prevent and end grave abuses of human rights, and to demand justice for those whose rights have been violated."Following a publication of Peter Benenson's...
. For example, on April 22, 2003, Amnesty International claimed that as part of the government's anti-insurgency campaign against the New Peoples' Army (NPA), there were systematic human rights violations such as disappearances, torture
Torture
Torture is the act of inflicting severe pain as a means of punishment, revenge, forcing information or a confession, or simply as an act of cruelty. Throughout history, torture has often been used as a method of political re-education, interrogation, punishment, and coercion...
, extrajudicial executions and arbitrary arrests carried out by national security forces and paramilitary
Paramilitary
A paramilitary is a force whose function and organization are similar to those of a professional military, but which is not considered part of a state's formal armed forces....
groups known as militia
Militia
The term militia is commonly used today to refer to a military force composed of ordinary citizens to provide defense, emergency law enforcement, or paramilitary service, in times of emergency without being paid a regular salary or committed to a fixed term of service. It is a polyseme with...
s. According to the reports, both civilians and members of legally recognised organizations considered to be related to the NPA are at risk, especially in provinces such as Oriental Mindoro
Oriental Mindoro
Oriental Mindoro is a province of the Philippines located in the island of Mindoro under MIMAROPA region in Luzon, about 140 km southwest of Manila...
.
After the 2007 elections, and the death of Anakpawis
Anakpawis
Anakpawis is a party-list in the Philippines. The party-list is the electoral wing of the radical trade union movement Kilusang Mayo Uno.In the 2004 elections for the House of Representatives the party-list obtained 538,396 votes and two seats...
representative Crispin Beltran
Crispin Beltran
Crispin 'Ka Bel' Beltran was a Filipino politician and a labor leader. A staunch critic of President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, his imprisonment in 2006 and 2007 on disputed charges of rebellion and sedition drew international attention...
, BAYAN now has five combined representatives in the 14th Congress of the Philippines
14th Congress of the Philippines
The Fourteenth Congress of the Philippines was the national legislature of the Republic of the Philippines, composed of the Philippine Senate and House of Representatives...
, Satur Ocampo
Satur Ocampo
Saturnino Cunanan Ocampo is a former Filipino partylist representative, journalist, and writer. As party president and first nominee, he led the partylist group Bayan Muna in three successful elections. He was a member of the House of Representatives, and Deputy Minority Leader in the 14th...
and Teodoro Casiño
Teodoro Casiño
Teodoro A. Casiño is a Filipino partylist representative, writer and journalist. He is a member of the House of Representatives for Bayan Muna in the 14th Congress of the Philippines.-Early Biography:...
of Bayan Muna
Bayan Muna
Bayan Muna is a leftist political party in the Philippines.The motto of the party is "New Politics, the Politics of Change", against "traditional, elitist, pro-imperialist politics". Its platform includes the advocation of a government that progressively supports the working class, with meaningful...
, Rafael V. Mariano
Rafael V. Mariano
Rafael V. Mariano is a Filipino politician and farmer. He is a member of the House of Representatives for Anakpawis in the 13th Congress of the Philippines.-External links:* *...
of Anakpawis
Anakpawis
Anakpawis is a party-list in the Philippines. The party-list is the electoral wing of the radical trade union movement Kilusang Mayo Uno.In the 2004 elections for the House of Representatives the party-list obtained 538,396 votes and two seats...
, and Liza Maza
Liza Maza
Liza Maza is a Filipino activist and development worker. She represents the Gabriela Women's Party in the 13th Congress of the Philippines....
and Luzviminda Ilagan
Luzviminda Ilagan
Luzviminda Ilagan is a Filipino politician and development worker. She represents the GABRIELA Women's Partylist in the 14th Congress of the Philippines.-Batasang Pambansa Bombing:...
of GABRIELA
GABRIELA
GABRIELA is a leftist Filipino organization that advocates for women's issues.It is a nationwide network of grassroots organizations, institutions, and programs that address issues such as human rights, poverty, globalization, militarism, violence, health, sex trafficking, censorship and other...
.
In the 2010 elections Bayan has 7 congressmen in the lower house. Including Raymond Palatino, Neri Colmenares, Luzviminda Iligan.
Political structure
Different opinions exist as to whether the structure of BAYAN is progressiveProgressivism
Progressivism is an umbrella term for a political ideology advocating or favoring social, political, and economic reform or changes. Progressivism is often viewed by some conservatives, constitutionalists, and libertarians to be in opposition to conservative or reactionary ideologies.The...
, democratic or feudal, hierarchical or non-hierarchical
Anarchism
Anarchism is generally defined as the political philosophy which holds the state to be undesirable, unnecessary, and harmful, or alternatively as opposing authority in the conduct of human relations...
, and whether it is nationalist or not or even if it is racist or not. Its own documentation suggests that it is a centralized organization, including:
- chapters as the smallest units
- a general assembly as the theoretically highest policy-making body, but which meets only once every three years
- a national council which meets twice a year or more often if needed
- a national executive committee to implement the policies of the general assembly and national council
- five specialized commissions
- a general secretariat that runs day-to-day operations
- a national office in Quezon CityQuezon CityQuezon City is the former capital and the most populous city in the Philippines. Located on the island of Luzon, Quezon City is one of the cities and municipalities that make up Metro Manila, the National Capital Region. The city was named after Manuel L...
in Metro ManilaMetro ManilaMetropolitan Manila , the National Capital Region , or simply Metro Manila, is the metropolitan region encompassing the City of Manila and its surrounding areas in the Philippines...
.
Member organizations
BAYAN is a coalition of many different organizations such as labor groups like the Kilusang Mayo Uno, peasant organizations such as Kilusang Magbubukid ng Pilipinas, youth organizations such as the League of Filipino Students and Anakbayan, religious organizations such as the Student Christian Movement - Philippines, the Ecumenical Movement for Justice and Peace and Promotion of Church People's Response (PCPR), feminist organizations such as GABRIELAGABRIELA
GABRIELA is a leftist Filipino organization that advocates for women's issues.It is a nationwide network of grassroots organizations, institutions, and programs that address issues such as human rights, poverty, globalization, militarism, violence, health, sex trafficking, censorship and other...
, Kilusan ng Manggawang Kababaihan (Women Workers' Movement), SAMAKANA (Association of United and Free Women) and AMIHAN (National Federation of Peasant Women), Health Workers' organizations such as the Health Alliance for Democracy (HEAD), educational/scientific organizations such as the Alliance of Concerned Teachers
Alliance of Concerned Teachers
The Alliance of Concerned Teachers is a progressive, militant and nationalist organization of teachers, academic non-teaching personnel and non-academic non-teaching personnel established on June 26, 1982 in the Philippines...
and Scientists, Technologists, Engineers for the People (STEP), fisherfolk such as Pambansang Lakas ng Kilusang Mamamalakaya ng Pilipinas (PAMALAKAYA - National Federation of Fisherfolk Organizations), cultural organizations such as BUGKOS, and indigenous people's organizations such as Kalipunan ng mga Katutubong Mamamayan ng Pilipinas (KAMP - National Federation Of Indigenous Peoples' Organizations), MIGRANTE -Alliance of Filipino Migrants Organizations.
In a resolution past during the BAYAN 7th Congress in August 2004, the coalition would expand to include overseas Filipino organizations as official members of BAYAN. In January 2005, the first BAYAN USA assembly was held in San Francisco. As the first overseas BAYAN chapter, BAYAN USA directly coordinated the implementation of BAYAN campaigns to BAYAN member organizations in the United States. These organizations include the NY Committee for Human Rights in the Philippines, League of Filipino Students in San Francisco State University, Anakbayan (New York/New Jersey, Los Angeles, San Diego, Honolulu, East Bay and Seattle), the Critical Filipino/Filipina Studies Collective, Habi Ng Kalinangan, babaeSF (San Francisco), Pinay Sa Seattle, and Filipinas for Rights and Empowerment (FiRE).
Representatives to Congress
- 12th Congress12th Congress of the PhilippinesThe Twelfth Congress of the Philippines was the national Lower House of the legislature of the Republic of the Philippines, composed of the Senate of the Philippines and House of Representatives of the Philippines...
(2001–2004) - Crispin BeltranCrispin BeltranCrispin 'Ka Bel' Beltran was a Filipino politician and a labor leader. A staunch critic of President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, his imprisonment in 2006 and 2007 on disputed charges of rebellion and sedition drew international attention...
, Liza MazaLiza MazaLiza Maza is a Filipino activist and development worker. She represents the Gabriela Women's Party in the 13th Congress of the Philippines....
, Satur OcampoSatur OcampoSaturnino Cunanan Ocampo is a former Filipino partylist representative, journalist, and writer. As party president and first nominee, he led the partylist group Bayan Muna in three successful elections. He was a member of the House of Representatives, and Deputy Minority Leader in the 14th... - 13th Congress13th Congress of the PhilippinesThe Thirteenth Congress of the Philippines was the meeting of the national legislature of the Republic of the Philippines, composed of the Philippine Senate and House of Representatives...
(2004–2007) - Crispin BeltranCrispin BeltranCrispin 'Ka Bel' Beltran was a Filipino politician and a labor leader. A staunch critic of President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, his imprisonment in 2006 and 2007 on disputed charges of rebellion and sedition drew international attention...
, Teodoro CasiñoTeodoro CasiñoTeodoro A. Casiño is a Filipino partylist representative, writer and journalist. He is a member of the House of Representatives for Bayan Muna in the 14th Congress of the Philippines.-Early Biography:...
, Rafael V. MarianoRafael V. MarianoRafael V. Mariano is a Filipino politician and farmer. He is a member of the House of Representatives for Anakpawis in the 13th Congress of the Philippines.-External links:* *...
, Liza MazaLiza MazaLiza Maza is a Filipino activist and development worker. She represents the Gabriela Women's Party in the 13th Congress of the Philippines....
, Satur OcampoSatur OcampoSaturnino Cunanan Ocampo is a former Filipino partylist representative, journalist, and writer. As party president and first nominee, he led the partylist group Bayan Muna in three successful elections. He was a member of the House of Representatives, and Deputy Minority Leader in the 14th...
, Joel ViradorJoel ViradorJoel G. Virador was a Filipino partylist representative for Bayan Muna in the 13th Congress of the Philippines. He is currently the party's Executive Vice President.... - 14th Congress14th Congress of the PhilippinesThe Fourteenth Congress of the Philippines was the national legislature of the Republic of the Philippines, composed of the Philippine Senate and House of Representatives...
(2007–2010) - Crispin BeltranCrispin BeltranCrispin 'Ka Bel' Beltran was a Filipino politician and a labor leader. A staunch critic of President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, his imprisonment in 2006 and 2007 on disputed charges of rebellion and sedition drew international attention...
(replaced by Rafael V. MarianoRafael V. MarianoRafael V. Mariano is a Filipino politician and farmer. He is a member of the House of Representatives for Anakpawis in the 13th Congress of the Philippines.-External links:* *...
after his death in 2008), Teodoro CasiñoTeodoro CasiñoTeodoro A. Casiño is a Filipino partylist representative, writer and journalist. He is a member of the House of Representatives for Bayan Muna in the 14th Congress of the Philippines.-Early Biography:...
, Neri Colmenares, Luzviminda IlaganLuzviminda IlaganLuzviminda Ilagan is a Filipino politician and development worker. She represents the GABRIELA Women's Partylist in the 14th Congress of the Philippines.-Batasang Pambansa Bombing:...
, Joel Manglungsod, Liza MazaLiza MazaLiza Maza is a Filipino activist and development worker. She represents the Gabriela Women's Party in the 13th Congress of the Philippines....
, Satur OcampoSatur OcampoSaturnino Cunanan Ocampo is a former Filipino partylist representative, journalist, and writer. As party president and first nominee, he led the partylist group Bayan Muna in three successful elections. He was a member of the House of Representatives, and Deputy Minority Leader in the 14th...
, Raymond Palatino - 15th Congress15th Congress of the PhilippinesThe Fifteenth Congress of the Philippines is the current meeting of the national legislature of the Republic of the Philippines, composed of the Senate and House of Representatives...
(2010–2013) - Teodoro CasiñoTeodoro CasiñoTeodoro A. Casiño is a Filipino partylist representative, writer and journalist. He is a member of the House of Representatives for Bayan Muna in the 14th Congress of the Philippines.-Early Biography:...
, Neri Colmenares, Emerenciana de Jesus, Luzviminda IlaganLuzviminda IlaganLuzviminda Ilagan is a Filipino politician and development worker. She represents the GABRIELA Women's Partylist in the 14th Congress of the Philippines.-Batasang Pambansa Bombing:...
, Rafael V. MarianoRafael V. MarianoRafael V. Mariano is a Filipino politician and farmer. He is a member of the House of Representatives for Anakpawis in the 13th Congress of the Philippines.-External links:* *...
, Raymond Palatino, Antonio Tinio