Arthur Bankart
Encyclopedia
Arthur Sidney Blundell Bankart (1879 – 1951) was a British
orthopaedic surgeon best known for describing the Bankart lesion
and Bankart repair
for shoulder dislocation
.
in 1879, the son of surgeon
James Bankart. He was educated at Rugby School
, Trinity College, Cambridge
and Guy's Hospital
, qualifying in medicine in 1906. He became a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons
in 1909, and Master of Surgery
in 1910.
In 1909 he became the first surgical registrar at the newly established Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital
. In 1911 he was also appointed surgeon to the Maida Vale Hospital for nervous diseases, the Belgrave Hospital for Children and the Queen's Hospital
for Children, all in London
. Therefore at that time he was practising orthopaedic surgery, neurosurgery
and paediatric surgery at four different hospitals. He also worked with Robert Jones
at the Shepherds Bush Military Orthopaedic Centre during the First World War. He performed most of the neurosurgery
at the Maida Vale hospital, particularly spinal surgery, until his departure in 1933. He was subsequently appointed orthopaedic surgeon to the Middlesex Hospital
, and also performed many of the neurosurgical operations carried out there. He was one of the first surgeons to perform lateral cordotomy
for pain relief in the United Kingdom.
During the Second World War he worked at Mount Vernon Hospital
. He retired in 1944, but continued working until his death, after a full day of operating at Mount Vernon Hospital, on 8 April 1951.
he would discharge the old patients when the senior surgeons went on summer holiday, and would then admit new patients on whom he would operate.
Bankart described the pathology
and surgical repair of recurrent shoulder dislocation in 1923, and again in 1938. Although this procedure was described by Perthes
in 1906, Bankart is credited with spreading the technique. Thus the terms Bankart lesion
and Bankart Operation
remain in use.
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
orthopaedic surgeon best known for describing the Bankart lesion
Bankart lesion
In orthopaedics, a Bankart lesion is an injury of the anterior glenoid labrum due to repeated shoulder dislocation. When this happens, a pocket at the front of the glenoid forms that allows the humeral head to dislocate into it...
and Bankart repair
Bankart Repair
A Bankart repair is an operation for habitual anterior shoulder dislocation. The joint capsule is sewed to the detached labrum glenoidale, without duplication of the subscapularis tendon.-External links:* at Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics...
for shoulder dislocation
Dislocated shoulder
A dislocated shoulder occurs when the humerus separates from the scapula at the glenohumeral joint. The shoulder joint has the greatest range of motion of any joint in the body and as a result is particularly susceptible to dislocation and subluxation. Approximately half of major joint...
.
Biography
Arthur Bankart was born in ExeterExeter
Exeter is a historic city in Devon, England. It lies within the ceremonial county of Devon, of which it is the county town as well as the home of Devon County Council. Currently the administrative area has the status of a non-metropolitan district, and is therefore under the administration of the...
in 1879, the son of surgeon
Surgeon
In medicine, a surgeon is a specialist in surgery. Surgery is a broad category of invasive medical treatment that involves the cutting of a body, whether human or animal, for a specific reason such as the removal of diseased tissue or to repair a tear or breakage...
James Bankart. He was educated at Rugby School
Rugby School
Rugby School is a co-educational day and boarding school located in the town of Rugby, Warwickshire, England. It is one of the oldest independent schools in Britain.-History:...
, Trinity College, Cambridge
Trinity College, Cambridge
Trinity College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge. Trinity has more members than any other college in Cambridge or Oxford, with around 700 undergraduates, 430 graduates, and over 170 Fellows...
and Guy's Hospital
Guy's Hospital
Guy's Hospital is a large NHS hospital in the borough of Southwark in south east London, England. It is administratively a part of Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust. It is a large teaching hospital and is home to the King's College London School of Medicine...
, qualifying in medicine in 1906. He became a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons
Fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons
Fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons is a professional qualification to practise as a surgeon in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland...
in 1909, and Master of Surgery
Master of Surgery
The Master of Surgery is an advanced qualification in surgery. It is most commonly abbreviated Ch.M. or M.S., as well as M.Ch. and M.Chir. from its Latin name, Magister Chirurgiae or the English form of Master of Surgery....
in 1910.
In 1909 he became the first surgical registrar at the newly established Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital
Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital
The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital is a specialist orthopaedic hospital located in London, United Kingdom and a part of Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust...
. In 1911 he was also appointed surgeon to the Maida Vale Hospital for nervous diseases, the Belgrave Hospital for Children and the Queen's Hospital
Queen's Hospital
Queen's Hospital is a new hospital in Romford, in the London Borough of Havering in London, England. It was built on the former Oldchurch Park, a short distance south of the town centre...
for Children, all in London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...
. Therefore at that time he was practising orthopaedic surgery, neurosurgery
Neurosurgery
Neurosurgery is the medical specialty concerned with the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of disorders which affect any portion of the nervous system including the brain, spine, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and extra-cranial cerebrovascular system.-In the United States:In...
and paediatric surgery at four different hospitals. He also worked with Robert Jones
Robert Jones (surgeon)
Sir Robert Jones, 1st Baronet, KBE, CB was a British orthopaedic surgeon who helped to establish the modern specialty of orthpaedic surgery in Britain....
at the Shepherds Bush Military Orthopaedic Centre during the First World War. He performed most of the neurosurgery
Neurosurgery
Neurosurgery is the medical specialty concerned with the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of disorders which affect any portion of the nervous system including the brain, spine, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and extra-cranial cerebrovascular system.-In the United States:In...
at the Maida Vale hospital, particularly spinal surgery, until his departure in 1933. He was subsequently appointed orthopaedic surgeon to the Middlesex Hospital
Middlesex Hospital
The Middlesex Hospital was a teaching hospital located in the Fitzrovia area of London, United Kingdom. First opened in 1745 on Windmill Street, it was moved in 1757 to Mortimer Street where it remained until it was finally closed in 2005. Its staff and services were transferred to various sites...
, and also performed many of the neurosurgical operations carried out there. He was one of the first surgeons to perform lateral cordotomy
Cordotomy
Cordotomy is a surgical procedure that disables selected pain-conducting tracts in the spinal cord, in order to achieve loss of pain and temperature perception. This procedure is commonly performed on patients experiencing severe pain due to cancer or other diseases for which there is currently no...
for pain relief in the United Kingdom.
During the Second World War he worked at Mount Vernon Hospital
Mount Vernon Hospital
Mount Vernon Hospital is one of two hospitals run by The Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, located in Northwood.-History:The hospital was founded in 1860 as The North London Hospital for Consumption and Diseases of the Chest in Fitzroy Square and moved in 1864 to Mount Vernon in Hampstead...
. He retired in 1944, but continued working until his death, after a full day of operating at Mount Vernon Hospital, on 8 April 1951.
Legacy
Bankart is remembered for developing a precise and very fast surgical technique after studying under Arbuthnot Lane. He would tell his students that during his time at the Royal National Orthopaedic HospitalRoyal National Orthopaedic Hospital
The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital is a specialist orthopaedic hospital located in London, United Kingdom and a part of Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust...
he would discharge the old patients when the senior surgeons went on summer holiday, and would then admit new patients on whom he would operate.
Bankart described the pathology
Pathology
Pathology is the precise study and diagnosis of disease. The word pathology is from Ancient Greek , pathos, "feeling, suffering"; and , -logia, "the study of". Pathologization, to pathologize, refers to the process of defining a condition or behavior as pathological, e.g. pathological gambling....
and surgical repair of recurrent shoulder dislocation in 1923, and again in 1938. Although this procedure was described by Perthes
Georg Perthes
Georg Clemens Perthes was a German surgeon and X-ray diagnostic pioneer who was born in Moers, Germany.-Biography:...
in 1906, Bankart is credited with spreading the technique. Thus the terms Bankart lesion
Bankart lesion
In orthopaedics, a Bankart lesion is an injury of the anterior glenoid labrum due to repeated shoulder dislocation. When this happens, a pocket at the front of the glenoid forms that allows the humeral head to dislocate into it...
and Bankart Operation
Bankart Repair
A Bankart repair is an operation for habitual anterior shoulder dislocation. The joint capsule is sewed to the detached labrum glenoidale, without duplication of the subscapularis tendon.-External links:* at Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics...
remain in use.