Armistice with Austria
Encyclopedia
The Armistice of villa Giusti ended warfare between Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...

 and Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary , more formally known as the Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council and the Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of Saint Stephen, was a constitutional monarchic union between the crowns of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary in...

 on the Italian Front
Italian Campaign (World War I)
The Italian campaign refers to a series of battles fought between the armies of Austria-Hungary and Italy, along with their allies, in northern Italy between 1915 and 1918. Italy hoped that by joining the countries of the Triple Entente against the Central Powers it would gain Cisalpine Tyrol , the...

 during World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...

. The armistice
Armistice
An armistice is a situation in a war where the warring parties agree to stop fighting. It is not necessarily the end of a war, but may be just a cessation of hostilities while an attempt is made to negotiate a lasting peace...

 was signed on November 3, 1918 in the Villa Giusti
Villa Giusti
thumb|Villa Giusti in the early 20th century.Palazzo Giusti is a 16th century palace in Padova, northern Italy. It is of a neo-Classical design, and is surrounded by the Giardino Giusti, an Italian Renaissance garden park rising up a hill....

 and was to take effect 24 hours later.

Background

By the end of October 1918, while its definitive defeat was being perpetrated at the Battle of Vittorio Veneto
Battle of Vittorio Veneto
The Battle of Vittorio Veneto was fought between 24 October and 3 November 1918, near Vittorio Veneto, during the Italian Campaign of World War I...

, the Austro-Hungarian Army
Austro-Hungarian Army
The Austro-Hungarian Army was the ground force of the Austro-Hungarian Dual Monarchy from 1867 to 1918. It was composed of three parts: the joint army , the Austrian Landwehr , and the Hungarian Honvédség .In the wake of fighting between the...

 found itself in such a state that its commanders were forced to seek a ceasefire at any cost.

During the Battle of Vittorio Veneto
Battle of Vittorio Veneto
The Battle of Vittorio Veneto was fought between 24 October and 3 November 1918, near Vittorio Veneto, during the Italian Campaign of World War I...

, the troops of Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary , more formally known as the Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council and the Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of Saint Stephen, was a constitutional monarchic union between the crowns of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary in...

 were defeated, ceasing to exist as a combat force and starting a chaotic withdrawal. From 28 October onwards, Austria-Hungary sought to negotiate a truce but hesitated to sign the text of armistice. The Italians, in the meantime, advanced reaching Trento
Trento
Trento is an Italian city located in the Adige River valley in Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol. It is the capital of Trentino...

, Udine
Udine
Udine is a city and comune in northeastern Italy, in the middle of Friuli-Venezia Giulia region, between the Adriatic sea and the Alps , less than 40 km from the Slovenian border. Its population was 99,439 in 2009, and that of its urban area was 175,000.- History :Udine is the historical...

, and landing in Trieste
Trieste
Trieste is a city and seaport in northeastern Italy. It is situated towards the end of a narrow strip of land lying between the Adriatic Sea and Italy's border with Slovenia, which lies almost immediately south and east of the city...

. After the threat to break off the negotiations, on November 3 the Austro-Hungarians accepted the peace terms. The cease-fire would be started at 3.00 pm of November 4, but due to a unilateral order of the Austro-Hungarian high command, the empire's forces stopped fighting on November 3. After the war, the Kingdom of Italy annexed the Southern Tyrol (modern Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol), according to London Pact
London Pact
London Pact , or more correctly, the Treaty of London, 1915, was a secret pact between Italy and Triple Entente, signed in London on 26 April 1915 by the Kingdom of Italy, Great Britain, France and Russia....

 terms as well as Trieste
Trieste
Trieste is a city and seaport in northeastern Italy. It is situated towards the end of a narrow strip of land lying between the Adriatic Sea and Italy's border with Slovenia, which lies almost immediately south and east of the city...

 and the Austrian Littoral
Austrian Littoral
The Austrian Littoral was established as a crown land of the Austrian Empire in 1849. In 1861 it was divided into the three crown lands of the Imperial Free City of Trieste and its suburbs, the Margraviate of Istria, and the Princely County of Gorizia and Gradisca, which each had separate...

.

Signatories

Italy:
  • Tenente Generale Pietro Badoglio
    Pietro Badoglio
    Pietro Badoglio, 1st Duke of Addis Abeba, 1st Marquess of Sabotino was an Italian soldier and politician...

  • Maggior Generale Scipione Scipioni
  • Colonnello Tullio Marchetti
  • Colonnello Pietro Gazzera
  • Colonnello Pietro Maravigna
  • Colonnello Alberto Pariani
  • Capitano di Vascello Francesco Accinni


Austria-Hungary:
  • General Viktor Weber Edler von Webenau
    Viktor Weber Edler von Webenau
    Viktor Weber Edler von Webenau , General in the Austro-Hungarian army while World War I, military governor of Montenegro between 1916 and 1917 and head of the Austro-Hungarian armistice commission - Career :*1879: as Kadett-Offizierstellvertreter from Infanteriekadettenschule Liebenau to...

  • Oberst Karl Schneller
  • Fregattenkapitaen Johannes Prinz von und zu Liechtenstein
  • Oberstleutnant J.V. Nyékhegyi
  • Korvettenkapitaen Georg Ritter von Zwierkowski
  • Oberstleutnant i.G. Victor Freiherr von Seiller
  • Hauptmann i.G. Camillo Ruggera

See also

Bollettino della Vittoria
Bollettino della Vittoria
The Bollettino della Vittoria is the final address to the Army and the Nation issued by the Chief of Staff, General Armando Diaz, at the conclusion of the Battle of Vittorio Veneto ending World War I in Italy.- Italian :...

 address of General Diaz
Armando Diaz
Armando Diaz, 1st Duca della Vittoria was an Italian general and a Marshal of Italy.Born in Naples, Diaz began his military career as a student at the Military Academy of Turin, where he became an artillery officer. He was a colonel commanding the 93rd infantry during the Italo-Turkish War, and...

to his troops and the nation after the Armistice of Villa Giusti

External links

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