Archduke Joseph Franz of Austria
Encyclopedia
Archduke Franz Leopold of Austria (9 April 1799—30 June 1807) was the second son and seventh child of Francis II
, the last Holy Roman Emperor
and his second wife, Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily, daughter of Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies
and his wife Maria Carolina of Austria
. He was their fourth child to die.
He was the seventh child born to his parents: Marie Louise
was born in 1791 and later became Empress consort of the French, as wife of Napoleon I Bonaparte; Ferdinand
was born in 1793 and later became Emperor of Austria
, but was dethroned due to the fact that he was severely disabled (mostly mentally); Marie Caroline was born in 1794, but died less than a year later, in 1795; Caroline Ludovika
was born in 1795, but died two years later, in 1797; Marie Leopoldina
was born in 1797 and became Empress of Brazil, as the wife of Pedro I of Brazil and finally Clementina was born in 1798 and became Princess of Salerno, as the wife of Leopold, Prince of Salerno
.
He also had five younger siblings: Marie Caroline
was born in 1801 and later became Crown Princess of Saxony, as the wife of Frederick Augustus, Crown Prince of Saxony
; Francis Charles
was born in 1802 and fathered Franz Joseph I of Austria
and Maximilian I of Mexico
; Maria Anna
was born in 1804 and she, too, was severely disabled, both physically (she is said to have suffered from a hideous facial deformity) and mentally (she was mentally retarded) and died unmarried; Johann Nepomuk was born in 1805 and outlived Joseph by two years, he himself dying aged only four and finally Amalie Theresa
was born in 1807, but only lived for one day, and Joseph's mother Maria Theresa died after giving birth to Amalie.
He was given the title of Archduke of Austria, which was automatically passed on to the children of Holy Roman Emperors
. He was a lively child and one of the favourite children of his mother and possibly even his father. Due to his parents' close blood connections (they were first cousins once removed), his older brother Ferdinand
was born severely disabled, suffering from epilepsy
, hydrocephalus
, neurological and movement problems and a speech impediment. Joseph was their fifth child to survive infancy.
On 30 June 1807, just one month after the passing of his mother, the 8-year-old Archduke died at the Hofburg Palace of either yellow fever
or smallpox
, though yellow fever
seems to be the most acceptable, as the outbreak was in the United States
in 1803 and most of the american plagues extended to Europe
in a matter of 2—4 years.
Joseph Franz was buried at the Capuchin Church in Vienna
, more specifically in the Imperial Crypt (his heart is buried in the Herzgruft
chamber), burial place of his siblings Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma
, Ferdinand I of Austria
, Archduchess Marie Caroline of Austria
, Archduchess Caroline Ludovika of Austria
, Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria
, Archduke Johann Nepomuk of Austria, Archduchess Amalie Theresa of Austria
and possibly his brother, Archduke Franz Karl of Austria
. His parents, Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
and Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily and his great-grandmother, Maria Theresa of Austria are also buried there.
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Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
Francis II was the last Holy Roman Emperor, ruling from 1792 until 6 August 1806, when he dissolved the Empire after the disastrous defeat of the Third Coalition by Napoleon at the Battle of Austerlitz...
, the last Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Emperor
The Holy Roman Emperor is a term used by historians to denote a medieval ruler who, as German King, had also received the title of "Emperor of the Romans" from the Pope...
and his second wife, Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily, daughter of Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies
Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies
Ferdinand I reigned variously over Naples, Sicily, and the Two Sicilies from 1759 until his death. He was the third son of King Charles III of Spain by his wife Maria Amalia of Saxony. On 10 August 1759, Charles succeeded his elder brother, Ferdinand VI, as King Charles III of Spain...
and his wife Maria Carolina of Austria
Maria Carolina of Austria
Maria Carolina of Austria was Queen of Naples and Sicily as the wife of King Ferdinand IV & III. As de facto ruler of her husband's kingdoms, Maria Carolina oversaw the promulgation of many reforms, including the revocation of the ban on Freemasonry, the enlargement of the navy under her...
. He was their fourth child to die.
Biography
Archduke Joseph Franz was born at the Hofburg Palace, where all of his older and younger siblings were born.He was the seventh child born to his parents: Marie Louise
Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma
Marie Louise of Austria was the second wife of Napoleon I, Emperor of the French and later Duchess of Parma...
was born in 1791 and later became Empress consort of the French, as wife of Napoleon I Bonaparte; Ferdinand
Ferdinand I of Austria
Ferdinand I was Emperor of Austria, President of the German Confederation, King of Hungary and Bohemia , as well as associated dominions from the death of his father, Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, until his abdication after the Revolutions of 1848.He married Maria Anna of Savoy, the sixth child...
was born in 1793 and later became Emperor of Austria
Emperor of Austria
The Emperor of Austria was a hereditary imperial title and position proclaimed in 1804 by the Holy Roman Emperor Francis II, a member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, and continually held by him and his heirs until the last emperor relinquished power in 1918. The emperors retained the title of...
, but was dethroned due to the fact that he was severely disabled (mostly mentally); Marie Caroline was born in 1794, but died less than a year later, in 1795; Caroline Ludovika
Archduchess Caroline Ludovika of Austria
Archduchess Caroline Ludovika of Austria was the third daughter and fourth child of Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor and his wife Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily. She was born at Hofburg Palace, in Vienna...
was born in 1795, but died two years later, in 1797; Marie Leopoldina
Maria Leopoldina of Austria
Maria Leopoldina of Austria was an archduchess of Austria, Empress consort of Brazil and queen consort of Portugal....
was born in 1797 and became Empress of Brazil, as the wife of Pedro I of Brazil and finally Clementina was born in 1798 and became Princess of Salerno, as the wife of Leopold, Prince of Salerno
Leopold, Prince of Salerno
Prince Leopoldo Giovanni Giuseppe Michele of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, Prince of Salerno was a member of the House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies and a Prince of Bourbon-Two Sicilies.-Biography:Born Leopoldo of Naples and Sicily, he was the sixth son of Ferdinand IV of Naples and wife Maria...
.
He also had five younger siblings: Marie Caroline
Archduchess Marie Caroline of Austria
Archduchess Marie Caroline Ferdinanda of Austria, Crown Princess of Saxony -Family:...
was born in 1801 and later became Crown Princess of Saxony, as the wife of Frederick Augustus, Crown Prince of Saxony
Frederick Augustus II of Saxony
Frederick Augustus II |Tyrol]], 9 August 1854) was King of Saxony and a member of the House of Wettin.He was the eldest son of Maximilian, Prince of Saxony --younger son of the Elector Frederick Christian of Saxony—by his...
; Francis Charles
Archduke Franz Karl of Austria
Archduke Franz Karl Joseph of Austria from the House of Habsburg was father of two emperors as well as the grandfather of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, whose assassination sparked the hostilities that led to the outbreak of World War I, and the greatgrandfather of the last Habsburg...
was born in 1802 and fathered Franz Joseph I of Austria
Franz Joseph I of Austria
Franz Joseph I or Francis Joseph I was Emperor of Austria, King of Bohemia, King of Croatia, Apostolic King of Hungary, King of Galicia and Lodomeria and Grand Duke of Cracow from 1848 until his death in 1916.In the December of 1848, Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria abdicated the throne as part of...
and Maximilian I of Mexico
Maximilian I of Mexico
Maximilian I was the only monarch of the Second Mexican Empire.After a distinguished career in the Austrian Navy, he was proclaimed Emperor of Mexico on April 10, 1864, with the backing of Napoleon III of France and a group of Mexican monarchists who sought to revive the Mexican monarchy...
; Maria Anna
Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria (1804–1858)
Marie Anne Franziska Theresia Josepha Medarde of Austria was a daughter of Franz II, Holy Roman Emperor and Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily....
was born in 1804 and she, too, was severely disabled, both physically (she is said to have suffered from a hideous facial deformity) and mentally (she was mentally retarded) and died unmarried; Johann Nepomuk was born in 1805 and outlived Joseph by two years, he himself dying aged only four and finally Amalie Theresa
Archduchess Amalie Theresa of Austria
Archduchess Amalia Theresa was the youngest daughter and twelfth and youngest child of the last Holy Roman Emperor, Francis II and his second wife, Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily, daughter of Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies and his first wife, Maria Carolina of Austria...
was born in 1807, but only lived for one day, and Joseph's mother Maria Theresa died after giving birth to Amalie.
He was given the title of Archduke of Austria, which was automatically passed on to the children of Holy Roman Emperors
Holy Roman Emperor
The Holy Roman Emperor is a term used by historians to denote a medieval ruler who, as German King, had also received the title of "Emperor of the Romans" from the Pope...
. He was a lively child and one of the favourite children of his mother and possibly even his father. Due to his parents' close blood connections (they were first cousins once removed), his older brother Ferdinand
Ferdinand I of Austria
Ferdinand I was Emperor of Austria, President of the German Confederation, King of Hungary and Bohemia , as well as associated dominions from the death of his father, Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, until his abdication after the Revolutions of 1848.He married Maria Anna of Savoy, the sixth child...
was born severely disabled, suffering from epilepsy
Epilepsy
Epilepsy is a common chronic neurological disorder characterized by seizures. These seizures are transient signs and/or symptoms of abnormal, excessive or hypersynchronous neuronal activity in the brain.About 50 million people worldwide have epilepsy, and nearly two out of every three new cases...
, hydrocephalus
Hydrocephalus
Hydrocephalus , also known as "water in the brain," is a medical condition in which there is an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles, or cavities, of the brain. This may cause increased intracranial pressure inside the skull and progressive enlargement of the head,...
, neurological and movement problems and a speech impediment. Joseph was their fifth child to survive infancy.
On 30 June 1807, just one month after the passing of his mother, the 8-year-old Archduke died at the Hofburg Palace of either yellow fever
Yellow fever
Yellow fever is an acute viral hemorrhagic disease. The virus is a 40 to 50 nm enveloped RNA virus with positive sense of the Flaviviridae family....
or smallpox
Smallpox
Smallpox was an infectious disease unique to humans, caused by either of two virus variants, Variola major and Variola minor. The disease is also known by the Latin names Variola or Variola vera, which is a derivative of the Latin varius, meaning "spotted", or varus, meaning "pimple"...
, though yellow fever
Yellow fever
Yellow fever is an acute viral hemorrhagic disease. The virus is a 40 to 50 nm enveloped RNA virus with positive sense of the Flaviviridae family....
seems to be the most acceptable, as the outbreak was in the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
in 1803 and most of the american plagues extended to Europe
Europe
Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...
in a matter of 2—4 years.
Joseph Franz was buried at the Capuchin Church in Vienna
Vienna
Vienna is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.723 million , and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre...
, more specifically in the Imperial Crypt (his heart is buried in the Herzgruft
Herzgruft
The Herzgruft is the chamber protecting 54 urns containing the hearts of deceased members of the Habsburg dynasty. It is a small room off St. George's Chapel of the Augustinerkirche church located within the Hofburg complex in downtown Vienna, Austria...
chamber), burial place of his siblings Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma
Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma
Marie Louise of Austria was the second wife of Napoleon I, Emperor of the French and later Duchess of Parma...
, Ferdinand I of Austria
Ferdinand I of Austria
Ferdinand I was Emperor of Austria, President of the German Confederation, King of Hungary and Bohemia , as well as associated dominions from the death of his father, Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, until his abdication after the Revolutions of 1848.He married Maria Anna of Savoy, the sixth child...
, Archduchess Marie Caroline of Austria
Archduchess Marie Caroline of Austria (1794-1795)
Archduchess Marie Caroline of Austria was the daughter of Francis II, the last Holy Roman Emperor, later Francis I of Austria after the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, and Maria Teresa of the Two Sicilies, daughter of Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies and his first wife Maria Carolina of...
, Archduchess Caroline Ludovika of Austria
Archduchess Caroline Ludovika of Austria
Archduchess Caroline Ludovika of Austria was the third daughter and fourth child of Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor and his wife Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily. She was born at Hofburg Palace, in Vienna...
, Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria
Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria (1804–1858)
Marie Anne Franziska Theresia Josepha Medarde of Austria was a daughter of Franz II, Holy Roman Emperor and Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily....
, Archduke Johann Nepomuk of Austria, Archduchess Amalie Theresa of Austria
Archduchess Amalie Theresa of Austria
Archduchess Amalia Theresa was the youngest daughter and twelfth and youngest child of the last Holy Roman Emperor, Francis II and his second wife, Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily, daughter of Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies and his first wife, Maria Carolina of Austria...
and possibly his brother, Archduke Franz Karl of Austria
Archduke Franz Karl of Austria
Archduke Franz Karl Joseph of Austria from the House of Habsburg was father of two emperors as well as the grandfather of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, whose assassination sparked the hostilities that led to the outbreak of World War I, and the greatgrandfather of the last Habsburg...
. His parents, Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
Francis II was the last Holy Roman Emperor, ruling from 1792 until 6 August 1806, when he dissolved the Empire after the disastrous defeat of the Third Coalition by Napoleon at the Battle of Austerlitz...
and Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily and his great-grandmother, Maria Theresa of Austria are also buried there.
Ancestry
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Titles and styles
- 9 April 1799—30 June 1807 His ImperialImperial HighnessHis/Her Imperial Highness is a style used by members of an imperial family to denote imperial - as opposed to royal - status to show that the holder in question is descended from an Emperor rather than a King .Today the style has mainly fallen from use with the exception of the Imperial Family of...
and Royal HighnessRoyal HighnessRoyal Highness is a style ; plural Royal Highnesses...
the Archduke of Austria (Seine Kaiserliche und Königlich Hoheit der Erzherzog von Österreich) - 9 April 1799—30 June 1807 His Royal HighnessRoyal HighnessRoyal Highness is a style ; plural Royal Highnesses...
the Prince of Modena (Seine Königliche Hoheit der Prinz von Modena)