Andeer
Encyclopedia
Andeer is a municipality
in the district of Hinterrhein
in the Swiss
canton
of Graubünden
. In 2009 Clugin
and Pignia
merged into Andeer.
coins discovered near Andeer indicate that there was a Roman presence in the area during the time of the Roman province of Raetia
(from 15 BC). The name of the settlement was presumably Lapidaria, and it would have already been an important stop on the road from Italy.
Andeer is first mentioned in 1208 as Anders.
Around 1820, roads were built over the Splügen Pass
und the San Bernardino Pass
. When the railroad tunnels through the Alps
were completed near the end of the 19th century, they greatly reduced traffic through the region. Since the opening of the San Bernardino road tunnel
(A 13) in 1967, Andeer has once again been on a major thoroughfare.
The municipality is located in the Schams sub-district, of the Hinterrhein district. It consists of the linear village
of Andeer and the ruins of Bärenburg castle. Andeer lies in the Schams valley (in Romansch: Val Schons) on the Hinterrhein
.
, the gender distribution of the population was 47.8% male and 52.2% female. The age distribution, , in Andeer is; 87 people or 13.0% of the population are between 0 to 9 years old. 42 people or 6.3% are 10 to 14, and 28 people or 4.2% are 15 to 19. Of the adult population, 62 people or 9.3% of the population are between 20 to 29 years old. 103 people or 15.4% are 30 to 39, 85 people or 12.7% are 40 to 49, and 74 people or 11.1% are 50 to 59. The senior population distribution is 78 people or 11.7% of the population are between 60 to 69 years old, 74 people or 11.1% are 70 to 79, there are 33 people or 4.9% who are 80 to 89, and there are 3 people or 0.4% who are 90 to 99.
In the 2007 federal election
the most popular party was the SVP
which received 44% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SPS
(26.7%), the FDP
(22.1%) and the CVP
(6.9%).
In Andeer about 73.9% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either University or a Fachhochschule
).
Andeer has an unemployment rate of 1.03%. , there were 19 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 7 businesses involved in this sector. 89 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 13 businesses in this sector. 269 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 41 businesses in this sector.
The historical population is given in the following table:
. The wettest month is August during which time Andeer receives an average of 122 mm (4.8 in) of precipitation. During this month there is precipitation for an average of 11.4 days. The driest month of the year is February with an average of 38 mm (1.5 in) of precipitation over 11.4 days.
.
Municipalities of Switzerland
Communes , also known as municipalities, are the smallest government division in Switzerland, numbering 2,596 . While many have a population of a few hundred citizens, the largest cities such as Zürich or Geneva also have the legal status of municipalities...
in the district of Hinterrhein
Hinterrhein (district)
Hinterrhein District is an administrative district in the canton of Graubünden, Switzerland. It has an area of and has a population of .Hinterrhein District consists of five Kreise and twenty-eight municipalities...
in the Swiss
Switzerland
Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....
canton
Cantons of Switzerland
The 26 cantons of Switzerland are the member states of the federal state of Switzerland. Each canton was a fully sovereign state with its own borders, army and currency from the Treaty of Westphalia until the establishment of the Swiss federal state in 1848...
of Graubünden
Graubünden
Graubünden or Grisons is the largest and easternmost canton of Switzerland. The canton shares borders with the cantons of Ticino, Uri, Glarus and St. Gallen and international borders with Italy, Austria and Liechtenstein...
. In 2009 Clugin
Clugin
Clugin is a village in the municipality of Andeer in the district of Hinterrhein in the Swiss canton of Graubünden. In 2009 Clugin merged with Andeer and Pignia to form the municipality of Andeer.-Geography:...
and Pignia
Pignia
Pignia is former a municipality in the district of Hinterrhein in the Swiss canton of Graubünden. On 1 January 2009, it was annexed by Andeer.The municipality was predominantly German-speaking, with a sizable Romansh-speaking minority....
merged into Andeer.
History
RomanAncient Rome
Ancient Rome was a thriving civilization that grew on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 8th century BC. Located along the Mediterranean Sea and centered on the city of Rome, it expanded to one of the largest empires in the ancient world....
coins discovered near Andeer indicate that there was a Roman presence in the area during the time of the Roman province of Raetia
Raetia
Raetia was a province of the Roman Empire, named after the Rhaetian people. It was bounded on the west by the country of the Helvetii, on the east by Noricum, on the north by Vindelicia, on the west by Cisalpine Gaul and on south by Venetia et Histria...
(from 15 BC). The name of the settlement was presumably Lapidaria, and it would have already been an important stop on the road from Italy.
Andeer is first mentioned in 1208 as Anders.
Around 1820, roads were built over the Splügen Pass
Splügen Pass
The Splügen Pass is a high mountain pass which marks the boundary between the Lepontine and Rhaetian Alps....
und the San Bernardino Pass
San Bernardino Pass
San Bernardino Pass is a high mountain pass in the Swiss Alps connecting the Hinterrhein and the Mesolcina valleys between Thusis and Bellinzona . Located in the far eastern side of the Western Alps it is not to be confused with the Great St. Bernard Pass and the Little St. Bernard Pass...
. When the railroad tunnels through the Alps
Alps
The Alps is one of the great mountain range systems of Europe, stretching from Austria and Slovenia in the east through Italy, Switzerland, Liechtenstein and Germany to France in the west....
were completed near the end of the 19th century, they greatly reduced traffic through the region. Since the opening of the San Bernardino road tunnel
San Bernardino (road tunnel)
The San Bernardino road tunnel is a road tunnel on the A13 motorway/expressway in southeastern Switzerland, completed in 1967 and replacing the San Bernardino Pass road. It begins near the town of San Bernardino, Graubünden and ends north in Hinterrhein....
(A 13) in 1967, Andeer has once again been on a major thoroughfare.
Geography
Andeer has an area, , of 30.5 km² (11.8 sq mi). Of this area, 28.9% is used for agricultural purposes, while 48.5% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 3% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (19.6%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains).The municipality is located in the Schams sub-district, of the Hinterrhein district. It consists of the linear village
Linear village
In geography, a linear village, or linear settlement, is a small to medium-sized settlement that is formed around a transport route, such as a road, river, or canal. Wraysbury, a village in Berkshire, is one of the longest villages in England....
of Andeer and the ruins of Bärenburg castle. Andeer lies in the Schams valley (in Romansch: Val Schons) on the Hinterrhein
Hinterrhein (river)
The Hinterrhein is one of the initial tributaries of the Rhine in the Canton of Graubünden in Switzerland, flowing from the village Hinterrhein near the San Bernardino pass through the Rheinwald valley into a gorge called Roflaschlucht...
.
Demographics
Andeer has a population (as of ) of . , 10.6% of the population was made up of foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years the population has grown at a rate of 3.9%., the gender distribution of the population was 47.8% male and 52.2% female. The age distribution, , in Andeer is; 87 people or 13.0% of the population are between 0 to 9 years old. 42 people or 6.3% are 10 to 14, and 28 people or 4.2% are 15 to 19. Of the adult population, 62 people or 9.3% of the population are between 20 to 29 years old. 103 people or 15.4% are 30 to 39, 85 people or 12.7% are 40 to 49, and 74 people or 11.1% are 50 to 59. The senior population distribution is 78 people or 11.7% of the population are between 60 to 69 years old, 74 people or 11.1% are 70 to 79, there are 33 people or 4.9% who are 80 to 89, and there are 3 people or 0.4% who are 90 to 99.
In the 2007 federal election
Swiss federal election, 2007
Elections to the Swiss Federal Assembly, the federal parliament of Switzerland, were held on Sunday, 21 October 2007. In a few cantons, a second round of the elections to the Council of States was held on 11 November, 18 November, and 25 November 2007...
the most popular party was the SVP
Swiss People's Party
The Swiss People's Party , also known as the Democratic Union of the Centre , is a conservative political party in Switzerland. Chaired by Toni Brunner, but spearheaded by Christoph Blocher, the party is the largest party in the Federal Assembly, with 58 members of the National Council and 6 of...
which received 44% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SPS
Social Democratic Party of Switzerland
The Social Democratic Party of Switzerland is the largest centre-left political party in Switzerland....
(26.7%), the FDP
Free Democratic Party of Switzerland
The Free Democratic Party was a classical liberal political party in Switzerland. It was one of the major parties in Switzerland until its merger with the smaller classical liberal Liberal Party, to form FDP.The Liberals on 1 January 2009....
(22.1%) and the CVP
Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland
The Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland is a Christian democratic political party in Switzerland. It is the fourth-largest party in the National Council, with 31 seats, and the largest in the Council of States, with 15 seats. It has one seat, that of Doris Leuthard, on the Swiss...
(6.9%).
In Andeer about 73.9% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either University or a Fachhochschule
Fachhochschule
A Fachhochschule or University of Applied Sciences is a German type of tertiary education institution, sometimes specialized in certain topical areas . Fachhochschulen were founded in Germany and later adopted by Austria, Liechtenstein, Switzerland and Greece...
).
Andeer has an unemployment rate of 1.03%. , there were 19 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 7 businesses involved in this sector. 89 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 13 businesses in this sector. 269 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 41 businesses in this sector.
The historical population is given in the following table:
| year | population |
|---|---|
| 1803 | 402 |
| 1850 | 591 |
| 1880 | 601 |
| 1900 | 499 |
| 1950 | 631 |
| 1960 | 988 |
Weather
Andeer has an average of 102.1 days of rain per year and on average receives 933 mm (36.7 in) of precipitationPrecipitation (meteorology)
In meteorology, precipitation In meteorology, precipitation In meteorology, precipitation (also known as one of the classes of hydrometeors, which are atmospheric water phenomena is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls under gravity. The main forms of precipitation...
. The wettest month is August during which time Andeer receives an average of 122 mm (4.8 in) of precipitation. During this month there is precipitation for an average of 11.4 days. The driest month of the year is February with an average of 38 mm (1.5 in) of precipitation over 11.4 days.
Language
Earlier, Andeer was largely Romansh-speaking, but now the majority of the population speaks German, and this is the only language for conducting official business. Most of the population speaks German (81.0%), with Romansh being second most common ( 9.1%) and Serbo-Croatian being third ( 2.5%).| Languages in Andeer GR | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Language | Census of 1980 | Census of 1990 | Census of 2000 | |||
| Number | Percentage | Number | Percentage | Number | Percentage | |
| German German language German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union.... |
364 | 62.54 % | 446 | 75.21 % | 542 | 81.02 % |
| Romansh | 144 | 24.74 % | 87 | 14.67 % | 61 | 9.12 % |
| Italian Italian language Italian is a Romance language spoken mainly in Europe: Italy, Switzerland, San Marino, Vatican City, by minorities in Malta, Monaco, Croatia, Slovenia, France, Libya, Eritrea, and Somalia, and by immigrant communities in the Americas and Australia... |
47 | 8.08 % | 27 | 4.55 % | 16 | 2.39 % |
| Population | 582 | 100 % | 593 | 100 % | 669 | 100 % |
Heritage sites of national significance
The Chasa Padrun is listed as a Swiss heritage sites of national significanceSwiss Inventory of Cultural Property of National and Regional Significance
The Swiss Inventory of Cultural Property of National and Regional Significance is a register of some 8,300 items of cultural property in Switzerland...
.