Alexander von Lüders
Encyclopedia
Count
Alexander Nikolajewitsch von Lüders (1790 –1874) was a Russian general and Namestnik of the Kingdom of Poland.
Lüders was born to a German noble family that moved to Russia in the middle of the 18th century. His father, Major General
Nikolay Ivanovich von Lüders (1762–1823) was the commander of Bryansk
regiment
during the Napoleonic Wars
.
Count Lüders also participated in the Napoleonic Wars been heavily wounded in the Battle of Kulm
(1813). He was distinguished during the Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829). Member of the Russian army
during the November Uprising
, he participated in the Battle of Warsaw in 1831
, leading the troops that captured Wola
.
In 1837 he became the commander of the 5th Infantry Corps
of Russian Army. In 1843 he and his Corps took part in quelling another uprising against the Russian Empire
, that of Imam Shamil
during the Caucasian War
. In 1848 he commanded Russian troops in Moldova
and Walachia. In 1849 he commanded the 5th Corps sent to aid Austria
during the Hungarian Revolution of 1848
. In 1849 he defeated Polish-Hungarian forces under general Józef Bem
at the Battle of Segesvár
. During the Crimean War
(1854 –1856) he commanded the Army South operating in the middle Danube
region.
From November 1861 to June 1862 he held the position of Namestnik of the Kingdom of Poland; he is remembered as a brutal overseer, persecuting Poles
and the Catholic Church. His activities contributed to the rising tensions that culminated in the January Uprising
(1863), however Alexander has already been wounded in 1862 during an assassination
attempt by Ukrainian officer Andrij Potebnia (who acted to take revenge for his comrades, Ukrainian revolutionaries, captured and tortured by Alexander) and returned to St. Petersburg before the uprising, to become one of the members of State Council of Imperial Russia
. After promotion to the State Council the family of Lüders got the count title. Since Alexander did not have sons the title Count Lüders was given to the husband of Alexander's daughter, Alexander Weimarn and their offspring
Count
A count or countess is an aristocratic nobleman in European countries. The word count came into English from the French comte, itself from Latin comes—in its accusative comitem—meaning "companion", and later "companion of the emperor, delegate of the emperor". The adjective form of the word is...
Alexander Nikolajewitsch von Lüders (1790 –1874) was a Russian general and Namestnik of the Kingdom of Poland.
Lüders was born to a German noble family that moved to Russia in the middle of the 18th century. His father, Major General
Major General
Major general or major-general is a military rank used in many countries. It is derived from the older rank of sergeant major general. A major general is a high-ranking officer, normally subordinate to the rank of lieutenant general and senior to the ranks of brigadier and brigadier general...
Nikolay Ivanovich von Lüders (1762–1823) was the commander of Bryansk
Bryansk
Bryansk is a city and the administrative center of Bryansk Oblast, Russia, located southwest of Moscow. Population: -History:The first written mention of Bryansk was in 1146, in the Hypatian Codex, as Debryansk...
regiment
Regiment
A regiment is a major tactical military unit, composed of variable numbers of batteries, squadrons or battalions, commanded by a colonel or lieutenant colonel...
during the Napoleonic Wars
Napoleonic Wars
The Napoleonic Wars were a series of wars declared against Napoleon's French Empire by opposing coalitions that ran from 1803 to 1815. As a continuation of the wars sparked by the French Revolution of 1789, they revolutionised European armies and played out on an unprecedented scale, mainly due to...
.
Count Lüders also participated in the Napoleonic Wars been heavily wounded in the Battle of Kulm
Battle of Kulm
The Battle of Kulm was a battle near the town Kulm and the village Přestanov in northern Bohemia. It was fought on 29–30 August 1813, during the War of the Sixth Coalition...
(1813). He was distinguished during the Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829). Member of the Russian army
Imperial Russian Army
The Imperial Russian Army was the land armed force of the Russian Empire, active from around 1721 to the Russian Revolution of 1917. In the early 1850s, the Russian army consisted of around 938,731 regular soldiers and 245,850 irregulars . Until the time of military reform of Dmitry Milyutin in...
during the November Uprising
November Uprising
The November Uprising , Polish–Russian War 1830–31 also known as the Cadet Revolution, was an armed rebellion in the heartland of partitioned Poland against the Russian Empire. The uprising began on 29 November 1830 in Warsaw when the young Polish officers from the local Army of the Congress...
, he participated in the Battle of Warsaw in 1831
Battle of Warsaw (1831)
The Battle of Warsaw was fought in September 1831 between Imperial Russia and Poland. The Russians were led by Ivan Paskevich, while the Polish were led by Jan Krukowiecki. The Russians captured the Polish capital, Warsaw, crushing the November Uprising, which had begun in late 1830....
, leading the troops that captured Wola
Wola
Wola is a district in western Warsaw, Poland, formerly the village of Wielka Wola, incorporated into Warsaw in 1916. An industrial area with traditions reaching back to the early 19th century, it is slowly changing into an office and residential district...
.
In 1837 he became the commander of the 5th Infantry Corps
Corps
A corps is either a large formation, or an administrative grouping of troops within an armed force with a common function such as Artillery or Signals representing an arm of service...
of Russian Army. In 1843 he and his Corps took part in quelling another uprising against the Russian Empire
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...
, that of Imam Shamil
Imam Shamil
Imam Shamil also spelled Shamyl, Schamil, Schamyl or Shameel was an Avar political and religious leader of the Muslim tribes of the Northern Caucasus...
during the Caucasian War
Caucasian War
The Caucasian War of 1817–1864, also known as the Russian conquest of the Caucasus was an invasion of the Caucasus by the Russian Empire which ended with the annexation of the areas of the North Caucasus to Russia...
. In 1848 he commanded Russian troops in Moldova
Moldova
Moldova , officially the Republic of Moldova is a landlocked state in Eastern Europe, located between Romania to the West and Ukraine to the North, East and South. It declared itself an independent state with the same boundaries as the preceding Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1991, as part...
and Walachia. In 1849 he commanded the 5th Corps sent to aid Austria
Austria
Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...
during the Hungarian Revolution of 1848
Hungarian Revolution of 1848
The Hungarian Revolution of 1848 was one of many of the European Revolutions of 1848 and closely linked to other revolutions of 1848 in the Habsburg areas...
. In 1849 he defeated Polish-Hungarian forces under general Józef Bem
Józef Bem
Józef Zachariasz Bem was a Polish general, an Ottoman Pasha and a national hero of Poland and Hungary, and a figure intertwined with other European nationalisms...
at the Battle of Segesvár
Battle of Segesvár
The Battle of Segesvár was a battle in the Hungarian Revolution of 1848, fought on 31 July 1849 between the Hungarian revolutionary army supplemented by Polish volunteers under the command of General Józef Bem and the Russian V Corps under General Alexander von Lüders in ally with the Austrian...
. During the Crimean War
Crimean War
The Crimean War was a conflict fought between the Russian Empire and an alliance of the French Empire, the British Empire, the Ottoman Empire, and the Kingdom of Sardinia. The war was part of a long-running contest between the major European powers for influence over territories of the declining...
(1854 –1856) he commanded the Army South operating in the middle Danube
Danube
The Danube is a river in the Central Europe and the Europe's second longest river after the Volga. It is classified as an international waterway....
region.
From November 1861 to June 1862 he held the position of Namestnik of the Kingdom of Poland; he is remembered as a brutal overseer, persecuting Poles
Poles
thumb|right|180px|The state flag of [[Poland]] as used by Polish government and diplomatic authoritiesThe Polish people, or Poles , are a nation indigenous to Poland. They are united by the Polish language, which belongs to the historical Lechitic subgroup of West Slavic languages of Central Europe...
and the Catholic Church. His activities contributed to the rising tensions that culminated in the January Uprising
January Uprising
The January Uprising was an uprising in the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth against the Russian Empire...
(1863), however Alexander has already been wounded in 1862 during an assassination
Assassination
To carry out an assassination is "to murder by a sudden and/or secret attack, often for political reasons." Alternatively, assassination may be defined as "the act of deliberately killing someone, especially a public figure, usually for hire or for political reasons."An assassination may be...
attempt by Ukrainian officer Andrij Potebnia (who acted to take revenge for his comrades, Ukrainian revolutionaries, captured and tortured by Alexander) and returned to St. Petersburg before the uprising, to become one of the members of State Council of Imperial Russia
State Council of Imperial Russia
The State Council was the supreme state advisory body to the Tsar in Imperial Russia.-18th century:Early Tsars' Councils were small and dealt primarily with the external politics....
. After promotion to the State Council the family of Lüders got the count title. Since Alexander did not have sons the title Count Lüders was given to the husband of Alexander's daughter, Alexander Weimarn and their offspring