4 Deserts
Encyclopedia
The 4 Deserts is recognised as the world's leading endurance footrace series as named by TIME magazine in 2009 and 2010, and by others as the "Ultimate test of human endurance". The series is the brainchild of American Mary K Gadams who founded RacingThePlanet
RacingThePlanet
RacingThePlanet is a privately held company that is one of the pioneers in the development of off-trail or rough-country endurance foot-racing...

 in 2002.

The weeklong events take place in the world's most forbidding landscapes and harshest climates, and see competitors race across 250 km (155 miles) of desert.

The inaugural race, the Gobi March, was run in China in 2003. Over the next three years a new race was added to series each season. In 2004 it was the Atacama Crossing (Chile) and in 2005 it was the Sahara Race (Egypt), until in 2006 all 4 Deserts events were raced in one year with The Last Desert Antarctica being the final and ultimate event in the series.

Competitors can enter any of the individual races within the 4 Deserts series, but if they wish to take part in The Last Desert (Antarctica) then they must complete a minimum of two of the other races and receive an invitation to participate.

Atacama Crossing (Chile)

The race takes place in Chile’s stunning but brutal Atacama Desert, the driest place on Earth. The Atacama has a unique landscape of salt lakes, volcanoes, lava flows and sand dunes.

The Atacama Crossing is gruelling not only because of the terrain which is rarely flat underfoot, and harsh climate, but also because of the altitude that averages 2500m (8000ft) during the race.

Gobi March (China)

The race takes place in China's ancient Gobi Desert, in the Turpan Depression, the country's lowest and hottest location.

The Gobi March's challenges include the changes in temperature from the cool highlands to the oppressive heat of the sand dunes, the complete lack of shade, potential sandstorms and variety of terrain – soft sand-dunes, rocky tracks, steep hills, ridges and riverbeds with multiple water-crossings.

Competitors must plan carefully to maintain the delicate balance between physical exertion, nutrition and hydration in order to successfully complete the race.

Sahara Race (Egypt)

The race takes place in the hottest desert in the world. Competitors have to contend with a variety of terrains, both rock and sand, but will face endless miles of soaring sand dunes up to 122 metres (400 feet) high. The daytime heat is scorching with temperatures reaching 50 °C.

To be successful, competitors will have to carefully manage the heat, their hydration, nutrition and rest, as well as the mental challenge of racing through endless dunes.

The Last Desert (Antarctica)

The race uses a polar expedition ship as its base, traveling to the different course locations on the Antarctic Peninsula and offshore islands based on the prevailing sea and weather conditions, with competitors transferred from ship to shore by RIB.

The unique challenges of The Last Desert (Antarctica) include having to cope with the severity of the weather conditions that can include galeforce blizzards and temperatures down to −20°C (4°F). Competitors also have to deal with the unpredictability of daily stage lengths and start-times, as the prevailing environmental conditions dictate where and when stages might begin.

Fifteen individuals from around the world completed the inaugural event in 2006 becoming the first in the world to complete a 250 km footrace on the Antarctic continent. The Last Desert 2007 took place in November 2007 in Aitcho Island, Deception Island, Cuverville Island
Cuverville Island
Cuverville Island or Île de Cavelier de Cuverville is a dark, rocky island lying in Errera Channel between Arctowski Peninsula and the northern part of Rongé Island, off the west coast of Graham Land. Cuverville Island is located at . Cuverville Island was discovered by the Belgian Antarctic...

, Paradise Bay
Paradise Bay
Paradise Bay is a harbour in West Antarctica.It is one of only two ports used for cruise ships to stop on the continent; the other is Neko Harbour....

 and Neko Harbor, Antarctica. The Last Desert was recently shown on IMG
IMG
The abbreviation IMG has several different meanings:* IMG, abbreviation for image* IMG , global sports and media business headquartered in New York City but with its main offices in Cleveland, originally known as the "International Management Group", with divisions including:** IMG Academies, an...

's Transworld Sport
Transworld Sport
Transworld Sport is a Sports-related television programme produced by Trans World International and shown worldwide on a variety of television channels....

.

Event format

The 250 km (155 mile) races take place over seven days and six stages. A campsite is raised each night for competitors where they are provided with a place in a tent to sleep, access to hot water, a campfire, medical assistance and the CyberTent where they can view and send messages to family and friends and update their race blog.

Competitors race from campsite to campsite each day following marker flags that have been planted the preceding day. They must pass through a series of checkpoints where they collect drinking water and can seek medical treatment.

Other than the access to the services described competitors must race completely self-supported, carrying all their food, supplies and equipment for the week. Each competitor must carry a selection of mandatory items at all times to help ensure their safety out on course.

Competitors must start each stage at the appointed time and on certain stages cut-off times are set which racers must meet in order to remain active in the event.

The results of the race are based on the cumulative time taken for the competitor to complete all the stages, and a competitor must successfully pass through every checkpoint in order to collect a finisher's medal.

Should a competitor withdraw from a particular stage, so long as they are deemed fit by the medical team to carry on the next day, they may continue in the race but will not qualify for a finisher's medal.

Charitable causes

About 50% of competitors choose to support causes when racing at the 4 Deserts.

Because of the remote locations of many of the races RacingThePlanet choose to support a specific charity at almost every event, that provides support to the local community in which the event takes place. The company has a long running partnership with Operation Smile, and has raised over US$500,000 for the charity for projects in Vietnam, China and Egypt, often funding missions and surgeries in the local communities through which competitors race.

The company has donated books and sports equipments to schools in Xinjiang province where the Gobi March is held through the Esquel Y. L. Yang Education Fund who they have also supported for a number of years.

In 2008, the Gobi March took place just one month after the devastating earthquake in Sichuan Province on 12 May, so that year RacingThePlanet put together a special auction whereby friends and families of competitors could bid to buy a hot shower for three competitors at the end of the 90 km Stage 5 of the event. An unheard of and never-to-be-repeated luxury. The auction raised almost US$30,000 for the Red Cross disaster fund.

Again in 2010 another horrific earthquake affected a country that plays host to a 4 Deserts race. The Chilean earthquake of 27 February occurred just one week before the start of the Atacama Crossing. RacingThePlanet and the community of competitors and friends raised US$15,000 for Habitat for Humanity in the weeks to follow.

Environmental considerations

The organizers work with the appropriate government bodies to ensure the race conforms to all local environmental regulations, and gains permission to race across all the locations where the course is set.

RacingThePlanet has built in a number of rules concerning the protection of the environment into their Rules and Regulations for 4 Deserts events. Breach of the rules results in either time penalties or disqualification. They include:

No littering, including toilet paper used on the course. Competitors are even given biodegradable bags in which to place used toilet paper, which are disposed of by the camp management each day.

Competitors must "tread lightly", not picking any flowers, cutting walking sticks, or removing anything from the course, deface or move rocks or any other part of the landscape.

Human waste must be buried at between 20-25cm deep on course away from the course and checkpoints, and in campsites participants must use the facilities provided.

The Last Desert (Antarctica) has even stricter rules. Participants may not approach any wildlife, and must stop and make way for wildlife e.g. penguins that cross the course.

Great care is taken also to minimise any contamination from ship to shore on participants shoes etc.

Locations

Each race in the series takes place in a desert with different climates and terrains which pose unique challenges to competitors. The locations are chosen not only for the physical challenges they will present, but also for their wild beauty, their history and their cultures.

The Atacama Crossing takes place in the Chilean region of Antofagasta
Antofagasta
Antofagasta is a port city in northern Chile, about north of Santiago. It is the capital of Antofagasta Province and Antofagasta Region. According to the 2002 census, the city has a population of 296,905...

. The Atacama Desert
Atacama Desert
The Atacama Desert is a plateau in South America, covering a strip of land on the Pacific coast, west of the Andes mountains. It is, according to NASA, National Geographic and many other publications, the driest desert in the world...

 is the largest Cold Coastal desert, and is a rainless plateau blocked from moisture on either side by the mountains of the Andes and the Chilean Coastal Range. The host town is the delightful San Pedro de Atacama
San Pedro de Atacama
San Pedro de Atacama is a Chilean town and commune in El Loa Province, Antofagasta Region. It is located east of Antofagasta, some 106 km southeast of Calama and the Chuquicamata copper mine, overlooking the Licancabur volcano. It features a significant archeological museum, the R. P...

.

This desiccated environment of the desert is the perfect preserver of ancient relics, with the world’s oldest mummies (of the Paleolithic Chinchorro tribe), having been discovered in the Atacama, thought to date back to 7000BC. Huge geoglyphic paintings adorn hillsides and ruins of Indian fortresses and sacred Inca sites dot the landscape. The Altiplano is still the home to descendants of the region’s pre-Columbian natives, the Aymara and Atacama Indians, who live the age-old lifestyles of herding llamas and alpacas and growing crops.

The Gobi March takes place in the Chinese province of Xinjiang
Xinjiang
Xinjiang is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China. It is the largest Chinese administrative division and spans over 1.6 million km2...

. In 2011 the race will be located in and around the Turpan Depression. The basin is the lowest place in China and the third lowest exposed point on Earth after the Dead Sea and Lake Assal.

The Turpan Basin, many of whose towns were important stops along the ancient Silk Road, is renowned for its stunning scenery including the Flaming Mountains, it's sand-dunes, salt flats and vineyards. The temperature can rise so high that it is often referred to locally as "the Oven." Uyghur, Tajik and Kyrgyz communities call the region home, with the event passing through a number of villages and homesteads.

The Sahara Race takes place in Egypt's Western Desert
Western Desert
Western Desert may refer to:* Libyan Desert, located in the northern and eastern part of the Sahara Desert. It occupies Egypt west of the Nile , eastern Libya and northwestern Sudan alongside the Nubian Desert.* Western Desert cultural bloc or just Western Desert is a cultural region in...

. The Sahara is the world’s largest non-polar desert and also the hottest desert in the world. In 2011 the event will be located in the same region as 2010 – Wadi El Rayan. Permission has been granted for competitors to race again through the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Wadi El Hitan, or the Valley of the Whales. The race will end at the Pyramids of Giza.

Competitors will pass through a number of oases and Bedouin
Bedouin
The Bedouin are a part of a predominantly desert-dwelling Arab ethnic group traditionally divided into tribes or clans, known in Arabic as ..-Etymology:...

 communities.

The Last Desert (Antarctica) takes place on the Antarctic mainland as well as on some of the islands off its coast. The host city where competitors embark upon an expedition ship which serves as the race's base, is the most southerly town in the world – Argentina's Ushuaia
Ushuaia
Ushuaia may refer to the following:*Ushuaia, a city in Argentina.**Ushuaia Department, an administrative division**Ushuaia River**Ushuaia International Airport**Colegio Nacional de Ushuaia, National School of Ushuaia....

. Antarctica is the world's largest desert.

The wildlife of Antarctica includes penguins, seals, whales and a surprising variety of birds. Competitors visit and race close to a number of historical sites and scientific research stations.

In 2010, the race was held on King George Island
King George Island
King George Island is the largest of the South Shetland Islands, situated at , off the coast of Antarctica in the Southern Ocean. The Island was named after King George III...

, the largest of the South Shetland islands and home to many national scientific bases; Deception Island, which is the caldera of a live volcano, and a former whaling station; and Dorian Bay
Dorian Bay
Dorian Bay is a cove on the northwest side of Wiencke Island, 0.5 nautical miles east-northeast of Damoy Point, in the Palmer Archipelago...

 on the Antarctic mainland.

Schedule

Every year the Atacama Crossing is raced in March, the Gobi March in June, and the Sahara Race in October. RacingThePlanet took the decision in 2008 that The Last Desert (Antarctica) would henceforth only be raced biannually to minimise its environmental impact.

4 Deserts champions

At the end of every edition of The Last Desert (Antarctica) the 4 Deserts Champion is crowned. From 2010 both a male and female champion was recognized in this way, and female champions from previous years have now been crowned retrosopectively.

The champion is determined by adding up the finishing rank of every competitor over the four races of the series to see who has the lowest aggregate score.

In 2010 Ryan Sandes
Ryan Sandes
Ryan Nicholas Sandes "Hedgie" , is a South African trail runner. In 2010 he became the first competitor to have won all four of the 4 Deserts races, each a 6/7-day, self-supported footrace through the Atacama Desert in Chile, the Gobi Desert in China, the Sahara Desert in Egypt, and lastly...

 of South Africa recorded the lowest and unbeatable aggregate score of 4 points, as he had won each of the 4 Deserts races he had entered.

Current 4 Deserts champions (crowned in 2010)

Male: Ryan Sandes
Ryan Sandes
Ryan Nicholas Sandes "Hedgie" , is a South African trail runner. In 2010 he became the first competitor to have won all four of the 4 Deserts races, each a 6/7-day, self-supported footrace through the Atacama Desert in Chile, the Gobi Desert in China, the Sahara Desert in Egypt, and lastly...

, South Africa

Female: Mirjana Pellizzer, Croatia

The 4 Deserts Club

The 4 Deserts Club recognises those competitors who have completed all four races of the series.

There are currently just 87 individuals in the club.

The 4 Deserts Grand Slam

The 4 Deserts Grand Slam has been so named by competitors attempting to complete all the 4 Deserts events in one calendar year.

The first Grand Slam was completed in 2008, when five competitors set out to complete, with two ultimately successful: famed endurance athlete Dean Karnazes of the United States and Paul Liebenberg of South Africa. In 2010, fourteen competitors attempted to complete the feat and nine were successful, including the first three women.

The 4 Deserts Grand Slammers so far are:

2010

Paul Acheson, UK


Samantha Gash, Australia


Peter Jong, Australia


Stan Lee, Canada


Terumasa Mori, Japan


David O'Brien, Ireland


Linda Quirk, USA


Lucy Rivers-Bulkeley, UK


Philip Tye, UK

Atacama Crossing (Chile)

Year Men's Winner Women's Winner
2011 Anders Jensen (29) Denmark, 30:49:05 Nahila Hernandez San Juan (36) Mexico, 38:16:25
2010 Ryan Sandes (27) South Africa, 23:58:39 Joanna Zakrzewski (33) UK, 33:37:30
2009 Mehmet Danis (34) Canada, 31:56:27 Fleur Grose (34) Australia, 37:31:54
2008 Dean Karnazes (45) USA, 31:49:44 Mimi Anderson (45) US, 43:15:16
2007 Robert Jarvis (40) New Zealand, 35:12:09 Emma Dawber (41) UK, 47:09:35
2006 Mark Tamminga (47) Canada, 32:16:06 Sandra McCallum (43) Canada, 44:14:38
2004 Lin Yichieh (Kevin) (27) Taiwan, 27:36:29 Lisanne Dorion (38) USA, 41:04:37

Gobi March (China)

Year Men's Winner Women's Winner
2010 Dan Parr (33) UK, 24:53:36 Denvy Lo, Singapore, 33:25:49
2009 Eric LaHaie (28) USA, 26:43:50 Diana Hogan-Murphy (31) Ireland, 36:26:25
2008 Ryan Sandes (25) South Africa, 24:38:20 Lia Farley (37) USA, 32:09:35
2007 Mark Tamminga (49) Canada, 29:06:55 Nina Breith (45) Germany, 33:44:15
2006 Mark Tamminga (47) Canada, 32:16:06 Sandra McCallum (43) Canada, 36:32:27
2004 Lin Yichieh (Kevin) (27), 27:36:29 Lisanne Dorion (38) USA, 41:04:37
2003 Charles Engle Jr (33) USA, 30:58:22 Ms Aletengtya, China, 48:25:37

Sahara Race (Egypt)

Year Men's Winner Women's Winner
2010 Anders Jensen (28) Denmark, 26:56:28 Katia Figini (34) Italy, 32:03:29
2009 Paolo Barghini (48) Italy, 28:14:38 Erica Terblanche (37) South Africa, 38:15:02
2008 Ryan Sandes (25) South Africa, 27:09:17 Nina Breith (45) Germany, 32:50:37
2007 Andrew Murray (26) Scotland, 30:11:44 Sandy McCallum (44) Canada, 39:55:24
2006 Jimmi Olsen (28) Denmark, 26:55:04 Claire Price (37) UK, 32:58:00
2005 Ray Zahab (35) Canada, 26:24:45 Theresa Schneider (40) USA, 32:18:54

The Last Desert (Antarctica)

When the full 250 km distance cannot be completed due to sea and weather conditions, the results are calculated in a different way for The Last Desert (Antarctica). Rank is based on total distance covered.
Year Men's Winner Women's Winner
2010 Ryan Sandes (28) South Africa, 230.5km Diana Hogan-Murphy (33) Ireland, 165km
2008 Paul Liebenberg (33) South Africa, 76.98km Louise Cooper (54) USA, 59.68km
2007 Joseph Holland (42) USA, 133.6km
2006 Scott Smith (49) USA, 29:06:37 Lisanne Dorian (40) USA, 35:35:40
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