2nd New Zealand Parliament
Encyclopedia
The 2nd New Zealand Parliament was a term of the Parliament
of New Zealand
. It opened on 15 April 1856, following New Zealand's 1855 election
. It was dissolved on 5 November 1860 in preparation for 1860–61 election. The 2nd Parliament was the first under which New Zealand had responsible government
, meaning that unlike previously, the Cabinet
was chosen (although not officially appointed) by Parliament rather than by the Governor
.
), meaning that anyone attempting to form an administration had to win support directly from individual MPs. This made forming (and retaining) a government difficult. The Sewell Ministry
, the first responsible government
, led by Henry Sewell
, lasted only two weeks. The first Fox Ministry, the second responsible government, led by William Fox
, also lasted only two weeks. The third responsible government, the first Stafford Ministry, led by Edward Stafford
, was more stable, governing for the remainder of the 2nd Parliament and for the beginning of the 3rd
.
, consisted of thirty-seven representatives representing twenty-four electorates. Two regions of the colony (the inland regions of the lower North Island
and the north-west corner of the South Island
) were not part of any electorate, and so were not represented.
s and a supplementary election being held. This situation was partly the result of a redistribution of boundaries to seven electorates, and the creation of four new electorates - agreed upon in the Electoral Districts Act, 1858, with the total number of MPs
in Parliament rising from 37 to 41, and the number of electorates rising from 24 to 28. The northern portion of the Northern Division
electorate and the southern portion of Bay of Islands
became the electorate of Marsden, while the Wairarapa and Hawkes Bay electorate was split into its two separate components (with Hawkes Bay
also expanding inland into unincorporated areas). The southern portion of Wairau electorate, plus part of Christchurch Country
, became the new Cheviot electorate, and the western portion of Dunedin Country
became the new Wallace electorate. In addition, the Wanganui and Rangitikei
electorate expanded inland into unincorporated areas, leaving the northwest of the South Island as the colony's only territory not part of an electorate. At the opening of the 6th session of the Parliament on 10 April 1858, the speaker
read out 14 resignations.
Cuff resigned in 1858 and was succeeded by William Sefton Moorhouse
.
Auckland Suburbs
Merriman resigned on 13 March 1860. He was succeeded by Joseph Hargreaves
, who was elected on 5 April 1860, and resigned on 24 July 1860. Hargreaves was replaced by John Logan Campbell
, who was returned unopposed on 4 August 1860.
Brodie resigned on 6 December 1859 and was succeeded by Theophilus Heale
.
Christchurch Country
Brittin resigned in 1856, returned to England on 'urgent business' and did not return to New Zealand. He was succeeded in 1856 by John Ollivier
, who himself resigned in 1860. Ollivier was succeeded by Isaac Thomas Cookson
.
Hall resigned in 1860 and was succeeded by Charles Hunter Brown
.
City of Auckland
Campbell resigned in 1858. He was succeeded by Thomas Forsaith
.
Beckham resigned in 1859. He was succeeded by Archibald Clark.
City of Wellington
In 1858, Featherston and Fitzherbert resigned their seats in Parliament. Featherston apparently wanted to return to England. Instead, he successfully stood for re-election within months. The other person returned in the same by-election was William Barnard Rhodes.
County of Hawke
The renamed County of Hawke
(it had previously been Wairarapa and Hawkes Bay, until its southern portion was made into the separate electorate of Wairarapa
). Thomas Henry FitzGerald
was elected as its representative on 26 April 1860.
Dunedin Country
John and his father William Cargill resigned in 1858 and October 1859, respectively. The first vacancy was filled by John Parkin Taylor
, who retired from parliament at the end of this term. The second vacancy was filled by Thomas Gillies
.
Grey and Bell
Brown resigned on 16 August 1856 to (unsuccessfully) contest the Taranaki superintendency
. He was again elected in 1858 and resigned in 1860, when his militia service required his full attention. In between Brown's terms, John Lewthwaite
(who resigned in 1858) represented the electorate.
Hutt
Bell resigned in 1858 and was succeeded by William Fitzherbert
. Ludlam, the other representative of Hutt, resigned in 1856 and was replaced by Samuel Revans
, who resigned again on 22 March 1858 and was succeeded by Alfred Renall
.
Motueka and Massacre Bay
Parker resigned in 1856 and was succeeded by Herbert Evelyn Curtis.
Omata
East resigned in 1860. The subsequent by-election on 16 April 1860 was won unopposed by James Crowe Richmond
.
Pensioner Settlements
Greenwood resigned and Captain John Jermyn Symonds
was elected on 30 April 1858.
Southern Division
Taylor resigned on 13 April 1858 and was succeeded through an 1858 by-election by Theodore Haultain
.
Town of Christchurch
Sewell resigned his seat in late 1856 to return to England. He was succeeded by Richard Packer
. Packer resigned in 1859. Sewell, having returned from England, won the 1860 by-election. He resigned again towards the end of 1860 to become Registrar-General of Lands.
Town of Dunedin
Macandrew resigned on 2 November 1858. He successfully contested the January 1859 by-election in the same electorate
Town of Lyttelton
FitzGerald] resigned in 1857 due to ill health. Crosbie Ward
won the resulting by-election in May 1858.
Waimea
Elliot resigned in 1858. He was succeeded by David Monro
, who had already represented the electorate in the 1st Parliament.
Travers resigned in 1859 and was succeeded by John Fedor Augustus Kelling
Wairarapa and Hawkes Bay
Smith resigned on 10 March 1858. He was succeeded by James Burne Ferguson
.
Wairau
Wells resigned in 1858. He was succeeded by Frederick Weld
, who had already represented the electorate in the 1st Parliament.
Wellington Country
Ward resigned on 22 March 1858. He was succeeded by Alfred Brandon
.
Cheviot
was first created in 1859, with Edward Jollie
its first representative.
Marsden
Marsden
was established in 1859. James Farmer
was the first representative, elected on 16 December 1859.
Wairarapa
The Wairarapa electorate
was created in 1859. Charles Rooking Carter
was the first elected representative.
Wallace
The Wallace electorate
was created in 1859 and the first elections held on 30 November. Dillon Bell
was the first elected representative.
Parliament of New Zealand
The Parliament of New Zealand consists of the Queen of New Zealand and the New Zealand House of Representatives and, until 1951, the New Zealand Legislative Council. The House of Representatives is often referred to as "Parliament".The House of Representatives usually consists of 120 Members of...
of New Zealand
New Zealand
New Zealand is an island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses and numerous smaller islands. The country is situated some east of Australia across the Tasman Sea, and roughly south of the Pacific island nations of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga...
. It opened on 15 April 1856, following New Zealand's 1855 election
New Zealand general election, 1855
The 1855 New Zealand general election was a nationwide vote to determine the shape of the New Zealand Parliament's 2nd term. It was the second national election ever held in New Zealand, and the first one which elected a Parliament that had full authority to govern the colony.-Background:The first...
. It was dissolved on 5 November 1860 in preparation for 1860–61 election. The 2nd Parliament was the first under which New Zealand had responsible government
Responsible government
Responsible government is a conception of a system of government that embodies the principle of parliamentary accountability which is the foundation of the Westminster system of parliamentary democracy...
, meaning that unlike previously, the Cabinet
New Zealand Cabinet
The Cabinet of New Zealand functions as the policy and decision-making body of the executive branch within the New Zealand government system...
was chosen (although not officially appointed) by Parliament rather than by the Governor
Governor-General of New Zealand
The Governor-General of New Zealand is the representative of the monarch of New Zealand . The Governor-General acts as the Queen's vice-regal representative in New Zealand and is often viewed as the de facto head of state....
.
Historical context
At this time political parties had not been established (they were not established until after the 1890 electionNew Zealand general election, 1890
The New Zealand general election of 1890 was one of New Zealand's most significant. It marked the beginning of party politics in New Zealand with the formation of the First Liberal government, which was to enact major welfare, labour and electoral reforms, including giving the vote to women.It was...
), meaning that anyone attempting to form an administration had to win support directly from individual MPs. This made forming (and retaining) a government difficult. The Sewell Ministry
Sewell Ministry, 1856
The Sewell Ministry was the first responsible government in New Zealand. It formed in 1856, but lasted only one month, from 18 April to 20 May. From 7 May onwards, Henry Sewell was Colonial Secretary, considered to be the equivalent of Prime Minister...
, the first responsible government
Responsible government
Responsible government is a conception of a system of government that embodies the principle of parliamentary accountability which is the foundation of the Westminster system of parliamentary democracy...
, led by Henry Sewell
Henry Sewell
Henry Sewell was a prominent 19th century New Zealand politician. He was a notable campaigner for New Zealand self-government, and is generally regarded as having been the country's first Premier, having led the Sewell Ministry in 1856.-Early life:Sewell was born on 7 September 1807 in the town of...
, lasted only two weeks. The first Fox Ministry, the second responsible government, led by William Fox
William Fox (New Zealand)
Sir William Fox, KCMG was the second Premier of New Zealand on four occasions in the 19th century, while New Zealand was still a colony. He was known for his eventual support of Māori land rights, his contributions to the education system , and his work to increase New Zealand's autonomy from...
, also lasted only two weeks. The third responsible government, the first Stafford Ministry, led by Edward Stafford
Edward Stafford (politician)
Sir Edward Stafford, KCMG served as the third Premier of New Zealand on three occasions in the mid 19th century. His total time in office is the longest of any leader without a political party. He is described as pragmatic, logical, and clear-sighted.-Early life and career:Edward William Stafford...
, was more stable, governing for the remainder of the 2nd Parliament and for the beginning of the 3rd
3rd New Zealand Parliament
The 3rd New Zealand Parliament was a term of the Parliament of New Zealand. Elections for this term were held between 12 December 1860 and 28 March 1861 in 43 electorates to elect 53 MPs...
.
Parliamentary sessions
Parliament sat for three sessions:| Session | from | to |
|---|---|---|
| First | 15 Apr 1856 | 16 Aug 1856 |
| Second | 10 Aug 1858 | 21 Aug 1858 |
| Third | 30 Jul 1860 | 5 Nov 1860 |
Electoral boundaries for the 2nd Parliament
The 2nd Parliament, which used the same electoral boundaries as the 1st Parliament1st New Zealand Parliament
The 1st New Zealand Parliament was a term of the Parliament of New Zealand. It opened on 24 May 1854, following New Zealand's first general election . It was dissolved on 15 September 1855 in preparation for that year's election...
, consisted of thirty-seven representatives representing twenty-four electorates. Two regions of the colony (the inland regions of the lower North Island
North Island
The North Island is one of the two main islands of New Zealand, separated from the much less populous South Island by Cook Strait. The island is in area, making it the world's 14th-largest island...
and the north-west corner of the South Island
South Island
The South Island is the larger of the two major islands of New Zealand, the other being the more populous North Island. It is bordered to the north by Cook Strait, to the west by the Tasman Sea, to the south and east by the Pacific Ocean...
) were not part of any electorate, and so were not represented.
Changes during term
The turnover of MPs was very high in the 2nd Parliament, with 32 by-electionBy-election
A by-election is an election held to fill a political office that has become vacant between regularly scheduled elections....
s and a supplementary election being held. This situation was partly the result of a redistribution of boundaries to seven electorates, and the creation of four new electorates - agreed upon in the Electoral Districts Act, 1858, with the total number of MPs
Member of Parliament
A Member of Parliament is a representative of the voters to a :parliament. In many countries with bicameral parliaments, the term applies specifically to members of the lower house, as upper houses often have a different title, such as senate, and thus also have different titles for its members,...
in Parliament rising from 37 to 41, and the number of electorates rising from 24 to 28. The northern portion of the Northern Division
Northern Division (New Zealand electorate)
Northern Division was a two-member parliamentary electorate in the Auckland Region, New Zealand from 1853 to 1870.-Geographic distribution:The electorate was north of Auckland; originally nearly to Whangarei, but from 1860 to just north of Warkworth....
electorate and the southern portion of Bay of Islands
Bay of Islands (New Zealand electorate)
Bay of Islands is a former New Zealand Parliamentary electorate. It existed during various periods between 1853 and 1993.-Population centres:...
became the electorate of Marsden, while the Wairarapa and Hawkes Bay electorate was split into its two separate components (with Hawkes Bay
County of Hawke
County of Hawke was a 19th century parliamentary electorate in the Hawke's Bay region of New Zealand in the 2nd New Zealand Parliament in 1860.-History:...
also expanding inland into unincorporated areas). The southern portion of Wairau electorate, plus part of Christchurch Country
Christchurch Country
Christchurch Country was a parliamentary electorate in the Canterbury region of New Zealand from 1853 to 1860. It was thus one of the original 24 electorates used for the 1st New Zealand Parliament.-Location:...
, became the new Cheviot electorate, and the western portion of Dunedin Country
Dunedin Country
Dunedin Country was a parliamentary electorate in the rural area surrounding the city of Dunedin in Otago, New Zealand, from 1853 to 1860. It was a two-member electorate.-Members:The electorate was represented by five Members of Parliament....
became the new Wallace electorate. In addition, the Wanganui and Rangitikei
Wanganui and Rangitikei
Wanganui and Rangitikei is a former parliamentary electorate in the Manawatu-Wanganui Region of New Zealand, from 1853 to 1855.-Members:During that time, Wanganui and Rangitikei was represented by one Member of Parliament:...
electorate expanded inland into unincorporated areas, leaving the northwest of the South Island as the colony's only territory not part of an electorate. At the opening of the 6th session of the Parliament on 10 April 1858, the speaker
Speaker of the New Zealand House of Representatives
In New Zealand the Speaker of the House of Representatives is the individual who chairs the country's legislative body, the New Zealand House of Representatives...
read out 14 resignations.
| By-election | Electorate | Date | Incumbent | Reason | Winner |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1856 | Motueka & Massacre Bay Motueka (New Zealand electorate) Motueka is a former New Zealand Parliamentary electorate. The electorate of Motueka and Massacre Bay, created for the New Zealand general election, 1853, was succeeded by the electorate of Motueka in the 1860-1861 election, and lasted until 1890... |
19 May | Charles Parker Charles Parker (New Zealand) Charles Parker JP was a New Zealand politician and a carpenter.-Early life:Parker was born at Newent, Gloucestershire, England, on 4 March 1809. His parents were Sarah Potter , a weaver, and her husband, Edmund Parker , a builder... |
Resignation | Herbert Curtis Herbert Curtis Herbert Evelyn Curtis was a 19th century Member of Parliament in Nelson, New Zealand, New Zealand.He represented the Motueka and Massacre Bay electorate from 1856 to 1860, then the Motueka electorate from 1861 to 1866, when he retired.... |
| 1856 | Christchurch Country Christchurch Country Christchurch Country was a parliamentary electorate in the Canterbury region of New Zealand from 1853 to 1860. It was thus one of the original 24 electorates used for the 1st New Zealand Parliament.-Location:... |
14 October | Dingley Brittin Dingley Askham Brittin Dingley Askham Brittin was born in Huntingdonshire, England in 1823. He came out to New Zealand on the Minerva in 1853. By profession, he was a solicitor, but he did not practice in the colony. He represented the Christchurch Country electorate in the 2nd New Zealand Parliament from 1855, but... |
Resignation | John Ollivier John Ollivier John Ollivier was a 19th century Member of Parliament in Christchurch, New Zealand.He represented the Christchurch Country electorate from 1856 to 1860 when he resigned.-References:... |
| 1856 | Grey and Bell | 14 October | Charles Brown Charles Brown (Taranaki) Charles Brown was a New Zealand politician from the Taranaki area.-Personal life:Brown was born in London, England, the illegitimate son of Charles Armitage Brown and Abigail O'Donohue, an Irish house servant at Wentworth Place where Brown and Keats resided... |
Resignation | John Lewthwaite John Lewthwaite John Lewthwaite was a 19th century Member of Parliament in the Taranaki Region, New Zealand.He represented the Grey and Bell electorate from 1856 to 1858, when he resigned.-References:... |
| 1856 | Town of Christchurch Christchurch (New Zealand electorate) Christchurch was a parliamentary electorate in Christchurch, New Zealand. It existed three times. Originally it was the Town of Christchurch from 1853 to 1860. From the 1860–61 election to the 1871 election, it existed as City of Christchurch. It then existed from the 1875–76 election until the... |
18 November | Henry Sewell Henry Sewell Henry Sewell was a prominent 19th century New Zealand politician. He was a notable campaigner for New Zealand self-government, and is generally regarded as having been the country's first Premier, having led the Sewell Ministry in 1856.-Early life:Sewell was born on 7 September 1807 in the town of... |
Resignation | Richard Packer Richard Packer (politician) Richard Packer was a New Zealand politician and Member of Parliament from 1856–1859 representing the Town of Christchurch electorate. He was also a member of the Canterbury Provincial Council, including its treasurer.-Early life:... |
| 1856 | Hutt Hutt (New Zealand electorate) Hutt was a New Zealand Parliamentary electorate. It was one of the original electorates in 1853 and existed during two periods until 1978. It was represented by 13 Members of Parliament.-Population centres:... |
27 November | Alfred Ludlam Alfred Ludlam Alfred Ludlam was a leading New Zealand politician, horticulturist and farmer who owned land at Wellington and in the Hutt Valley... |
Resignation | Samuel Revans Samuel Revans Samuel Revans was a notable New Zealand newspaper owner, entrepreneur and politician. He was the Father of Journalism in New Zealand.-Early life:... |
| 1858 | City of Auckland | 27 April | John Campbell John Logan Campbell Sir John Logan Campbell was a prominent New Zealand public figure. He was the son of Doctor John Campbell and his wife Catherine. He was described by his contemporaries as "the father of Auckland".- Early life:... |
Resignation | Thomas Forsaith Thomas Forsaith Thomas Spencer Forsaith, JP , was a New Zealand politician and an Auckland draper. According to some historians, he was the country's second Premier, although a more conventional view states that neither he nor his predecessor should properly be given that title.-Early life:Forsaith was born in... |
| 1858 | Pensioner Settlements Pensioner Settlements (New Zealand electorate) Pensioner Settlements was a 19th century parliamentary multimember electorate in the Auckland region of New Zealand, from 1853 to 1870.-Geographic distribution:... |
29 April | Joseph Greenwood Joseph Greenwood Joseph Greenwood was a soldier and New Zealand politician. He joined the 31st Regiment of Foot in Bengal, India, where he greatly distinguished himself as a Lieutenant, under General George Pollock in the First Anglo-Afghan War, and wrote an account which was considered an authority on the... |
Resignation | John Campbell John Jermyn Symonds Captain John Jermyn Symonds was a 19th century Member of Parliament in Auckland, New Zealand.He represented the Pensioner Settlements electorate from 1858 to 1860, when he retired.-References:... |
| 1858 | Southern Division Southern Division (New Zealand electorate) The Southern Division was a New Zealand parliamentary electorate in the Auckland Province from 1853 to 1860. It was a large two-member electorate south of Auckland city, extending to the southern boundary of the province and encompassing the Waikato, Coromandel, Bay of Plenty and East... |
8 May | Charles Taylor Charles John Taylor Charles John Taylor was a New Zealand politician. He served in the 1st New Zealand Parliament and the 2nd New Zealand Parliament as representative for the Southern Division; , and served in the 3rd New Zealand Parliament as representative for the Raglan electorate... |
Resignation | Theodore Haultain Theodore Haultain Theodore Minet Haultain was a 19th century New Zealand politician and Minister of Colonial Defence... |
| 1858 | Grey and Bell | 17 May | John Lewthwaite John Lewthwaite John Lewthwaite was a 19th century Member of Parliament in the Taranaki Region, New Zealand.He represented the Grey and Bell electorate from 1856 to 1858, when he resigned.-References:... |
Resignation | Charles Brown Charles Brown (Taranaki) Charles Brown was a New Zealand politician from the Taranaki area.-Personal life:Brown was born in London, England, the illegitimate son of Charles Armitage Brown and Abigail O'Donohue, an Irish house servant at Wentworth Place where Brown and Keats resided... |
| 1858 | Waimea Waimea (New Zealand electorate) Waimea was a parliamentary electorate in the Nelson Province of New Zealand, from 1853 to 1887.-Geographic coverage:Waimea was located in the northern part of the South Island, facing the Tasman Bay. It is the area around the town of Nelson, but excluded Nelson itself. It includes Wakefield,... |
21 May | Charles Elliott | Resignation | David Monro David Monro Sir David Monro was a New Zealand politician. He served as Speaker of the New Zealand House of Representatives from 1861 to 1870.-Early life:... |
| 1858 | Wairau Wairau (New Zealand electorate) Wairau was a parliamentary electorate in the Marlborough Region of New Zealand, from 1853 to 1938.-History:Wairau was one of the original electorates for the first general election in 1853.... |
21 May | William Wells | Resignation | Frederick Weld Frederick Weld Sir Frederick Aloysius Weld, GCMG , was a New Zealand politician and a governor of various British colonies. He was the sixth Premier of New Zealand, and later served as Governor of Western Australia, Governor of Tasmania, and Governor of the Straits Settlements.-Early life:Weld was born near... |
| 1858 | Town of Lyttelton Lyttelton (New Zealand electorate) Lyttelton is a former New Zealand Parliamentary electorate. It existed from 1853–90, and again from 1893–1996, when it was replaced by the Banks Peninsula electorate.-Population Centres:... |
28 May | James FitzGerald James FitzGerald James Edward FitzGerald was a New Zealand politician. According to some historians, he should be considered the country's first Prime Minister, although a more conventional view is that neither he nor his successor should properly be given that title. He was a notable campaigner for New Zealand... |
Resignation | Crosbie Ward Crosbie Ward Crosbie Ward was a 19th century Member of Parliament in Canterbury, New Zealand. He was born in County Down, Ireland.He represented the Town of Lyttelton electorate from 1858 to 1866. He was a cabinet minister, Postmaster-General and Secretary for Crown Lands. He then represented the Avon... |
| 1858 | Akaroa | 31 May | John Cuff | Resignation | William Moorhouse William Sefton Moorhouse William Sefton Moorhouse was a New Zealand politician. He was the second Superintendent of Canterbury Province.-Early life:... |
| 1858 | Dunedin Country Dunedin Country Dunedin Country was a parliamentary electorate in the rural area surrounding the city of Dunedin in Otago, New Zealand, from 1853 to 1860. It was a two-member electorate.-Members:The electorate was represented by five Members of Parliament.... |
16 June | John Cargill | Resignation | John Taylor John Parkin Taylor John Parkin Taylor was a 19th century New Zealand politician in Otago and Southland.He represented the Dunedin Country electorate in the New Zealand Parliament from 1858 to 1860, when he retired.... |
| 1858 | Wairarapa and Hawkes Bay | 22 July | John Smith John Valentine Smith John Valentine Smith was a New Zealand landowner, militia leader, and politician.Smith was a significant figure in the Wairarapa region, owning the prominent Mataikona and Lansdowne runs. He was elected on 26 November 1855 to represent the Wairarapa and Hawkes Bay electorate in the 2nd New Zealand... |
Resignation | James Ferguson James Burne Ferguson James Burne Ferguson was a 19th century Member of Parliament in New Zealand.He represented the Wairarapa and Hawkes Bay electorate from 1858 to 1860, when he resigned. In the by-election on 22 July 1858, he was elected unopposed.-References:... |
| 1858 | City of Wellington Wellington (New Zealand electorate) Wellington , was a parliamentary electorate in Wellington, New Zealand. It existed from 1853 to 1905 with a break in the 1880s. It was a multi-member electorate. The electorate was represented by 24 Members of Parliament.... |
27 July | Isaac Featherston Isaac Featherston Dr. Isaac Earl Featherston was a New Zealand politician, and was known for his advocacy for the establishment of New Zealand self-government, and the importance of the provincial governments.-Early life:... William Fitzherbert William Fitzherbert (New Zealand) Sir William Fitzherbert KCMG MLC was a New Zealand politician. He served as Minister of Finance, Speaker of the House of Representatives, and Speaker of the Legislative Council.-Early life:... |
Resignations | Isaac Featherston William Rhodes |
| 1858 | Wellington Country Wellington Country Wellington Country was a former parliamentary electorate in the Wellington Region from 1853 to 1860 and then 1871 to 1881. The seat covered Miramar, Makara, Porirua, the Kapiti Coast and the Horowhenua District.-History:... |
29 July | Dudley Ward | Resignation | Alfred Brandon Alfred Brandon Alfred de Bathe Brandon was a 19th century New Zealand politician.-Early life:Brandon was born in London in 1809; his father was Henry Brandon. He was educated as a lawyer... |
| 1858 | Hutt Hutt (New Zealand electorate) Hutt was a New Zealand Parliamentary electorate. It was one of the original electorates in 1853 and existed during two periods until 1978. It was represented by 13 Members of Parliament.-Population centres:... |
31 July | Dillon Bell Dillon Bell Sir Francis Dillon Bell KCMG CB MLC was a New Zealand politician of the late 19th century. He served as New Zealand's third Minister of Finance , and later as its third Speaker of the House... Samuel Revans Samuel Revans Samuel Revans was a notable New Zealand newspaper owner, entrepreneur and politician. He was the Father of Journalism in New Zealand.-Early life:... |
Resignations | Alfred Ludlam Alfred Ludlam Alfred Ludlam was a leading New Zealand politician, horticulturist and farmer who owned land at Wellington and in the Hutt Valley... William Fitzherbert William Fitzherbert (New Zealand) Sir William Fitzherbert KCMG MLC was a New Zealand politician. He served as Minister of Finance, Speaker of the House of Representatives, and Speaker of the Legislative Council.-Early life:... |
| 1859 | Town of Dunedin Dunedin (New Zealand electorate) Dunedin or the City of Dunedin or the Town of Dunedin was a parliamentary electorate in the city of Dunedin in Otago, New Zealand. It was one of the original electorates created in 1853 and existed, with two breaks, until 1905. Most of the time, it was a multi-member electorate.-History:From 1853... |
14 January | James Macandrew James Macandrew James Macandrew was a New Zealand ship-owner and politician. He served as a Member of Parliament from 1853 to 1887 and as the last Superintendent of Otago Province.-Early life:... |
Resignation | James Macandrew |
Supplementary election, 1859 |
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| Cheviot Cheviot (New Zealand electorate) Cheviot was a parliamentary electorate in the Canterbury Region of New Zealand, from 1859 to 1890.-History:Cheviot was formed partway through the term of the 2nd New Zealand Parliament. The first elections were held in 1859, and Edward Jollie was the first representative. Leonard Harper was the... |
18 December | Edward Jollie Edward Jollie Edward Jollie was a pioneer land surveyor in New Zealand, initially as a cadet surveyor with the New Zealand Company. He followed his elder brother Francis Jollie to New Zealand, arriving on the barque Brougham in Wellington in 1842... |
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| Marsden Marsden (New Zealand electorate) Marsden is a former parliamentary electorate, in the Whangarei District in the Northland Region of New Zealand.-Population Centres:The electorate was mixed urban and rural, around the city of Whangarei.-History:... |
29 November | James Farmer James Farmer (politician) James Farmer was a 19th century Member of Parliament in the Waikato Region, New Zealand.He represented the Marsden electorate from 1859 to 1860 , and then the Raglan electorate from 1867 to 1870, when he retired.... |
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| Wairarapa Wairarapa (New Zealand electorate) Wairarapa is a New Zealand Parliamentary electorate. It was first created in 1859 and existed until 1881. It was recreated in 1887 and has since existed continuously... |
7 November | Charles Carter Charles Rooking Carter Charles Rooking Carter was an New Zealand contractor, politician, and philanthropist from England.-Biography:Carter was born in Kendal, Westmorland, the son of a builder, John Carter. Carter lived in London from the age of 21 and through adult education classes at the Westminster Institution,... |
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| Wallace Wallace (New Zealand electorate) Wallace was a New Zealand parliamentary electorate, from 1859 to 1996.-Population centres:This electorate is in the rural part of Southland.-History:... |
30 November | Dillon Bell Dillon Bell Sir Francis Dillon Bell KCMG CB MLC was a New Zealand politician of the late 19th century. He served as New Zealand's third Minister of Finance , and later as its third Speaker of the House... |
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| By-election | Electorate | Date | Incumbent | Reason | Winner |
2nd Parliament (continued) |
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| 1859 | Waimea Waimea (New Zealand electorate) Waimea was a parliamentary electorate in the Nelson Province of New Zealand, from 1853 to 1887.-Geographic coverage:Waimea was located in the northern part of the South Island, facing the Tasman Bay. It is the area around the town of Nelson, but excluded Nelson itself. It includes Wakefield,... |
26 December | William Travers | Resignation | John Kelling John Kelling John Fedor Augustus Kelling was a 19th century Member of Parliament in Nelson, New Zealand.He represented the Waimea electorate from 1859 to 1860, when he was defeated.He unsuccessfully contested the Waimea electorate in the 1867 by-election.... |
| 1860 | Town of Christchurch Christchurch (New Zealand electorate) Christchurch was a parliamentary electorate in Christchurch, New Zealand. It existed three times. Originally it was the Town of Christchurch from 1853 to 1860. From the 1860–61 election to the 1871 election, it existed as City of Christchurch. It then existed from the 1875–76 election until the... |
18 January | Richard Packer Richard Packer (politician) Richard Packer was a New Zealand politician and Member of Parliament from 1856–1859 representing the Town of Christchurch electorate. He was also a member of the Canterbury Provincial Council, including its treasurer.-Early life:... |
Resignation | Henry Sewell Henry Sewell Henry Sewell was a prominent 19th century New Zealand politician. He was a notable campaigner for New Zealand self-government, and is generally regarded as having been the country's first Premier, having led the Sewell Ministry in 1856.-Early life:Sewell was born on 7 September 1807 in the town of... |
| 1860 (1st) | Suburbs of Auckland Suburbs of Auckland (New Zealand electorate) Suburbs of Auckland was a parliamentary electorate in Auckland, New Zealand from 1853 to 1860.-1853 to 1860:The electorate existed for the 1st and 2nd Parliament as a two-member electorate.... |
25 January | Walter Brodie Walter Brodie Walter Brodie was a New Zealand politician. He represented the Suburbs of Auckland electorate in the 2nd New Zealand Parliament, but resigned before the end of his term on 6 December 1859. He did not serve in any subsequent Parliaments. He also participated in Auckland provincial... |
Resignation | Theophilus Heale Theophilus Heale Theophilus Heale was a 19th century Member of Parliament from Auckland, New Zealand.He represented the Suburbs of Auckland electorate in 1860, from 25 January to 5 November, when he was defeated for Parnell.-References:... |
| 1860 | Dunedin Country Dunedin Country Dunedin Country was a parliamentary electorate in the rural area surrounding the city of Dunedin in Otago, New Zealand, from 1853 to 1860. It was a two-member electorate.-Members:The electorate was represented by five Members of Parliament.... |
28 March | William Cargill William Cargill William Walter Cargill was the founder of the Otago settlement in New Zealand, after serving as an officer in the British Army. He was a Member of Parliament and Otago's first Superintendent.-Early life:... |
Resignation | Thomas Gillies Thomas Gillies Thomas Bannatyne Gillies was a 19th century New Zealand lawyer, judge and politician.-Early life:He was born at Rothesay on the Isle of Bute, Scotland, on 17 January 1828... |
| 1860 (1st) | Christchurch Country Christchurch Country Christchurch Country was a parliamentary electorate in the Canterbury region of New Zealand from 1853 to 1860. It was thus one of the original 24 electorates used for the 1st New Zealand Parliament.-Location:... |
2 April | John Ollivier John Ollivier John Ollivier was a 19th century Member of Parliament in Christchurch, New Zealand.He represented the Christchurch Country electorate from 1856 to 1860 when he resigned.-References:... |
Resignation | Isaac Cookson Isaac Thomas Cookson Isaac Thomas Cookson was a 19th century Member of Parliament in Canterbury, New Zealand.He represented the Christchurch Country electorate in 1860 and then the Kaiapoi electorate from 1861 to 1863, when he resigned.-References:... |
| 1860 | City of Auckland | 5 April | Thomas Beckham Thomas Beckham Thomas Beckham was a 19th century New Zealand politician. He represented the City of Auckland electorate in the 2nd New Zealand Parliament from 1855 to 1859, but resigned before the end of his term and did not serve in any subsequent Parliament. He was also a member of the Auckland Provincial... |
Resignation | Archibald Clark Archibald Clark (politician) Archibald Clark was a 19th century Member of Parliament in the Auckland Region, New Zealand. He was the first Mayor of Auckland in 1851. His company, Archibald Clark and Sons, manufactured clothing and was a wholesaler.-Early life:... |
| 1860 (2nd) | Suburbs of Auckland Suburbs of Auckland (New Zealand electorate) Suburbs of Auckland was a parliamentary electorate in Auckland, New Zealand from 1853 to 1860.-1853 to 1860:The electorate existed for the 1st and 2nd Parliament as a two-member electorate.... |
5 April | Frederick Merriman | Resignation | Joseph Hargreaves Joseph Hargreaves (politician) Joseph Hargreaves was a 19th century Member of Parliament from Auckland, New Zealand.He represented the Suburbs of Auckland electorate in 1860, from 5 April to 24 July, when he resigned... |
| 1860 | Omata Omata (New Zealand electorate) Omata was a Taranaki electorate in the New Zealand Parliament from 1853 to 1870. It was based on the township of Omata.-Members:The following Members of Parliament represented the Omata electorate:... |
16 April | Alfred East Alfred William East Alfred William East was a New Zealand politician. He represented the Omata electorate in the 2nd New Zealand Parliament, but resigned in March 1860 before the end of his term. He did not serve in any subsequent Parliaments. He also participated in Taranaki provincial politics.-References:... |
Resignation | James Richmond James Crowe Richmond James Crowe Richmond was a New Zealand politician, engineer, and an early painter in watercolours of the New Zealand landscape.-Early life:... |
| 1860 (2nd) | Christchurch Country Christchurch Country Christchurch Country was a parliamentary electorate in the Canterbury region of New Zealand from 1853 to 1860. It was thus one of the original 24 electorates used for the 1st New Zealand Parliament.-Location:... |
21 April | John Hall | Resignation | Charles Brown Charles Hunter Brown Charles Hunter Brown was a New Zealand politician from Canterbury, New Zealand.He represented Christchurch Country in the 2nd Parliament in 1860 from 21 April to 5 November, but was defeated when he then stood for the seat of Cheviot in North Canterbury.-References:... |
| 1860 | County of Hawke County of Hawke County of Hawke was a 19th century parliamentary electorate in the Hawke's Bay region of New Zealand in the 2nd New Zealand Parliament in 1860.-History:... |
26 April | James Ferguson James Burne Ferguson James Burne Ferguson was a 19th century Member of Parliament in New Zealand.He represented the Wairarapa and Hawkes Bay electorate from 1858 to 1860, when he resigned. In the by-election on 22 July 1858, he was elected unopposed.-References:... |
Resignation | Thomas Fitzgerald Thomas Henry FitzGerald Thomas Henry FitzGerald was a pioneer in sugar cane farming in the early days of the colony of Queensland, Australia. He was a politician, first in New Zealand, then in Queensland. His descendants went on to become notable names in Queensland politics, business and law... |
| 1860 | Northern Division Northern Division (New Zealand electorate) Northern Division was a two-member parliamentary electorate in the Auckland Region, New Zealand from 1853 to 1870.-Geographic distribution:The electorate was north of Auckland; originally nearly to Whangarei, but from 1860 to just north of Warkworth.... |
23 May | Thomas Henderson Thomas Henderson (New Zealand) Thomas Maxwell Henderson was a New Zealand politician. He was one of the earliest settlers in Auckland. He was a significant entrepreneur, and the Auckland suburb of Henderson bears his name.-Early life:... |
Resignation | Thomas Henderson |
| 1860 | Grey and Bell | 28 May | Charles Brown Charles Brown (Taranaki) Charles Brown was a New Zealand politician from the Taranaki area.-Personal life:Brown was born in London, England, the illegitimate son of Charles Armitage Brown and Abigail O'Donohue, an Irish house servant at Wentworth Place where Brown and Keats resided... |
Resignation | Thomas King Thomas King (New Zealand politician) Thomas King was a 19th century New Zealand politician. He served in the first two Parliaments, and was otherwise active in New Plymouth. He was one of the first settlers, coming out on the first ship to New Plymouth in 1841.... |
| 1860 (3rd) | Suburbs of Auckland Suburbs of Auckland (New Zealand electorate) Suburbs of Auckland was a parliamentary electorate in Auckland, New Zealand from 1853 to 1860.-1853 to 1860:The electorate existed for the 1st and 2nd Parliament as a two-member electorate.... |
4 August | Joseph Hargreaves Joseph Hargreaves (politician) Joseph Hargreaves was a 19th century Member of Parliament from Auckland, New Zealand.He represented the Suburbs of Auckland electorate in 1860, from 5 April to 24 July, when he resigned... |
Resignation | John Campbell John Logan Campbell Sir John Logan Campbell was a prominent New Zealand public figure. He was the son of Doctor John Campbell and his wife Catherine. He was described by his contemporaries as "the father of Auckland".- Early life:... |
Existing electorates
AkaroaCuff resigned in 1858 and was succeeded by William Sefton Moorhouse
William Sefton Moorhouse
William Sefton Moorhouse was a New Zealand politician. He was the second Superintendent of Canterbury Province.-Early life:...
.
Auckland Suburbs
Merriman resigned on 13 March 1860. He was succeeded by Joseph Hargreaves
Joseph Hargreaves (politician)
Joseph Hargreaves was a 19th century Member of Parliament from Auckland, New Zealand.He represented the Suburbs of Auckland electorate in 1860, from 5 April to 24 July, when he resigned...
, who was elected on 5 April 1860, and resigned on 24 July 1860. Hargreaves was replaced by John Logan Campbell
John Logan Campbell
Sir John Logan Campbell was a prominent New Zealand public figure. He was the son of Doctor John Campbell and his wife Catherine. He was described by his contemporaries as "the father of Auckland".- Early life:...
, who was returned unopposed on 4 August 1860.
Brodie resigned on 6 December 1859 and was succeeded by Theophilus Heale
Theophilus Heale
Theophilus Heale was a 19th century Member of Parliament from Auckland, New Zealand.He represented the Suburbs of Auckland electorate in 1860, from 25 January to 5 November, when he was defeated for Parnell.-References:...
.
Christchurch Country
Brittin resigned in 1856, returned to England on 'urgent business' and did not return to New Zealand. He was succeeded in 1856 by John Ollivier
John Ollivier
John Ollivier was a 19th century Member of Parliament in Christchurch, New Zealand.He represented the Christchurch Country electorate from 1856 to 1860 when he resigned.-References:...
, who himself resigned in 1860. Ollivier was succeeded by Isaac Thomas Cookson
Isaac Thomas Cookson
Isaac Thomas Cookson was a 19th century Member of Parliament in Canterbury, New Zealand.He represented the Christchurch Country electorate in 1860 and then the Kaiapoi electorate from 1861 to 1863, when he resigned.-References:...
.
Hall resigned in 1860 and was succeeded by Charles Hunter Brown
Charles Hunter Brown
Charles Hunter Brown was a New Zealand politician from Canterbury, New Zealand.He represented Christchurch Country in the 2nd Parliament in 1860 from 21 April to 5 November, but was defeated when he then stood for the seat of Cheviot in North Canterbury.-References:...
.
City of Auckland
Campbell resigned in 1858. He was succeeded by Thomas Forsaith
Thomas Forsaith
Thomas Spencer Forsaith, JP , was a New Zealand politician and an Auckland draper. According to some historians, he was the country's second Premier, although a more conventional view states that neither he nor his predecessor should properly be given that title.-Early life:Forsaith was born in...
.
Beckham resigned in 1859. He was succeeded by Archibald Clark.
City of Wellington
In 1858, Featherston and Fitzherbert resigned their seats in Parliament. Featherston apparently wanted to return to England. Instead, he successfully stood for re-election within months. The other person returned in the same by-election was William Barnard Rhodes.
County of Hawke
The renamed County of Hawke
County of Hawke
County of Hawke was a 19th century parliamentary electorate in the Hawke's Bay region of New Zealand in the 2nd New Zealand Parliament in 1860.-History:...
(it had previously been Wairarapa and Hawkes Bay, until its southern portion was made into the separate electorate of Wairarapa
Wairarapa (New Zealand electorate)
Wairarapa is a New Zealand Parliamentary electorate. It was first created in 1859 and existed until 1881. It was recreated in 1887 and has since existed continuously...
). Thomas Henry FitzGerald
Thomas Henry FitzGerald
Thomas Henry FitzGerald was a pioneer in sugar cane farming in the early days of the colony of Queensland, Australia. He was a politician, first in New Zealand, then in Queensland. His descendants went on to become notable names in Queensland politics, business and law...
was elected as its representative on 26 April 1860.
Dunedin Country
John and his father William Cargill resigned in 1858 and October 1859, respectively. The first vacancy was filled by John Parkin Taylor
John Parkin Taylor
John Parkin Taylor was a 19th century New Zealand politician in Otago and Southland.He represented the Dunedin Country electorate in the New Zealand Parliament from 1858 to 1860, when he retired....
, who retired from parliament at the end of this term. The second vacancy was filled by Thomas Gillies
Thomas Gillies
Thomas Bannatyne Gillies was a 19th century New Zealand lawyer, judge and politician.-Early life:He was born at Rothesay on the Isle of Bute, Scotland, on 17 January 1828...
.
Grey and Bell
Brown resigned on 16 August 1856 to (unsuccessfully) contest the Taranaki superintendency
Superintendent (politics)
Superintendent was the elected head of each Provincial Council in New Zealand from 1853 to 1876.-Historical context:Provinces existed in New Zealand from 1841 until 1876 as a form of sub-national government. After the initial provinces pre-1853, new provinces were formed by the New Zealand...
. He was again elected in 1858 and resigned in 1860, when his militia service required his full attention. In between Brown's terms, John Lewthwaite
John Lewthwaite
John Lewthwaite was a 19th century Member of Parliament in the Taranaki Region, New Zealand.He represented the Grey and Bell electorate from 1856 to 1858, when he resigned.-References:...
(who resigned in 1858) represented the electorate.
Hutt
Bell resigned in 1858 and was succeeded by William Fitzherbert
William Fitzherbert (New Zealand)
Sir William Fitzherbert KCMG MLC was a New Zealand politician. He served as Minister of Finance, Speaker of the House of Representatives, and Speaker of the Legislative Council.-Early life:...
. Ludlam, the other representative of Hutt, resigned in 1856 and was replaced by Samuel Revans
Samuel Revans
Samuel Revans was a notable New Zealand newspaper owner, entrepreneur and politician. He was the Father of Journalism in New Zealand.-Early life:...
, who resigned again on 22 March 1858 and was succeeded by Alfred Renall
Alfred Renall
Alfred William Renall was a 19th century Member of Parliament in Wellington, New Zealand.He represented the Hutt Valley electorate of Hutt from 1858 to 1866 when he retired.-References:...
.
Motueka and Massacre Bay
Parker resigned in 1856 and was succeeded by Herbert Evelyn Curtis.
Omata
East resigned in 1860. The subsequent by-election on 16 April 1860 was won unopposed by James Crowe Richmond
James Crowe Richmond
James Crowe Richmond was a New Zealand politician, engineer, and an early painter in watercolours of the New Zealand landscape.-Early life:...
.
Pensioner Settlements
Greenwood resigned and Captain John Jermyn Symonds
John Jermyn Symonds
Captain John Jermyn Symonds was a 19th century Member of Parliament in Auckland, New Zealand.He represented the Pensioner Settlements electorate from 1858 to 1860, when he retired.-References:...
was elected on 30 April 1858.
Southern Division
Taylor resigned on 13 April 1858 and was succeeded through an 1858 by-election by Theodore Haultain
Theodore Haultain
Theodore Minet Haultain was a 19th century New Zealand politician and Minister of Colonial Defence...
.
Town of Christchurch
Sewell resigned his seat in late 1856 to return to England. He was succeeded by Richard Packer
Richard Packer (politician)
Richard Packer was a New Zealand politician and Member of Parliament from 1856–1859 representing the Town of Christchurch electorate. He was also a member of the Canterbury Provincial Council, including its treasurer.-Early life:...
. Packer resigned in 1859. Sewell, having returned from England, won the 1860 by-election. He resigned again towards the end of 1860 to become Registrar-General of Lands.
Town of Dunedin
Macandrew resigned on 2 November 1858. He successfully contested the January 1859 by-election in the same electorate
Town of Lyttelton
FitzGerald] resigned in 1857 due to ill health. Crosbie Ward
Crosbie Ward
Crosbie Ward was a 19th century Member of Parliament in Canterbury, New Zealand. He was born in County Down, Ireland.He represented the Town of Lyttelton electorate from 1858 to 1866. He was a cabinet minister, Postmaster-General and Secretary for Crown Lands. He then represented the Avon...
won the resulting by-election in May 1858.
Waimea
Elliot resigned in 1858. He was succeeded by David Monro
David Monro
Sir David Monro was a New Zealand politician. He served as Speaker of the New Zealand House of Representatives from 1861 to 1870.-Early life:...
, who had already represented the electorate in the 1st Parliament.
Travers resigned in 1859 and was succeeded by John Fedor Augustus Kelling
Wairarapa and Hawkes Bay
Smith resigned on 10 March 1858. He was succeeded by James Burne Ferguson
James Burne Ferguson
James Burne Ferguson was a 19th century Member of Parliament in New Zealand.He represented the Wairarapa and Hawkes Bay electorate from 1858 to 1860, when he resigned. In the by-election on 22 July 1858, he was elected unopposed.-References:...
.
Wairau
Wells resigned in 1858. He was succeeded by Frederick Weld
Frederick Weld
Sir Frederick Aloysius Weld, GCMG , was a New Zealand politician and a governor of various British colonies. He was the sixth Premier of New Zealand, and later served as Governor of Western Australia, Governor of Tasmania, and Governor of the Straits Settlements.-Early life:Weld was born near...
, who had already represented the electorate in the 1st Parliament.
Wellington Country
Ward resigned on 22 March 1858. He was succeeded by Alfred Brandon
Alfred Brandon
Alfred de Bathe Brandon was a 19th century New Zealand politician.-Early life:Brandon was born in London in 1809; his father was Henry Brandon. He was educated as a lawyer...
.
New electorates
CheviotCheviot
Cheviot (New Zealand electorate)
Cheviot was a parliamentary electorate in the Canterbury Region of New Zealand, from 1859 to 1890.-History:Cheviot was formed partway through the term of the 2nd New Zealand Parliament. The first elections were held in 1859, and Edward Jollie was the first representative. Leonard Harper was the...
was first created in 1859, with Edward Jollie
Edward Jollie
Edward Jollie was a pioneer land surveyor in New Zealand, initially as a cadet surveyor with the New Zealand Company. He followed his elder brother Francis Jollie to New Zealand, arriving on the barque Brougham in Wellington in 1842...
its first representative.
Marsden
Marsden
Marsden (New Zealand electorate)
Marsden is a former parliamentary electorate, in the Whangarei District in the Northland Region of New Zealand.-Population Centres:The electorate was mixed urban and rural, around the city of Whangarei.-History:...
was established in 1859. James Farmer
James Farmer (politician)
James Farmer was a 19th century Member of Parliament in the Waikato Region, New Zealand.He represented the Marsden electorate from 1859 to 1860 , and then the Raglan electorate from 1867 to 1870, when he retired....
was the first representative, elected on 16 December 1859.
Wairarapa
The Wairarapa electorate
Wairarapa (New Zealand electorate)
Wairarapa is a New Zealand Parliamentary electorate. It was first created in 1859 and existed until 1881. It was recreated in 1887 and has since existed continuously...
was created in 1859. Charles Rooking Carter
Charles Rooking Carter
Charles Rooking Carter was an New Zealand contractor, politician, and philanthropist from England.-Biography:Carter was born in Kendal, Westmorland, the son of a builder, John Carter. Carter lived in London from the age of 21 and through adult education classes at the Westminster Institution,...
was the first elected representative.
Wallace
The Wallace electorate
Wallace (New Zealand electorate)
Wallace was a New Zealand parliamentary electorate, from 1859 to 1996.-Population centres:This electorate is in the rural part of Southland.-History:...
was created in 1859 and the first elections held on 30 November. Dillon Bell
Dillon Bell
Sir Francis Dillon Bell KCMG CB MLC was a New Zealand politician of the late 19th century. He served as New Zealand's third Minister of Finance , and later as its third Speaker of the House...
was the first elected representative.
External links
- Cartoon of drunk MP, 1856 by Alfred Domett