1975 in Israel
Encyclopedia
Incumbents
- Prime Minister of IsraelPrime Minister of IsraelThe Prime Minister of Israel is the head of the Israeli government and the most powerful political figure in Israel . The prime minister is the country's chief executive. The official residence of the prime minister, Beit Rosh Hamemshala is in Jerusalem...
– Yitzhak RabinYitzhak Rabin' was an Israeli politician, statesman and general. He was the fifth Prime Minister of Israel, serving two terms in office, 1974–77 and 1992 until his assassination in 1995....
(AlignmentAlignment (political party)The Alignment was an alliance of the major left-wing parties in Israel between the 1960s and 1990s. It was established in 1965 as an alliance of Mapai and Ahdut HaAvoda but was dissolved three years later when the two parties and Rafi formally merged into the Israeli Labor Party...
) - President of IsraelPresident of IsraelThe President of the State of Israel is the head of state of Israel. The position is largely an apolitical ceremonial figurehead role, with the real executive power lying in the hands of the Prime Minister. The current president is Shimon Peres who took office on 15 July 2007...
– Ephraim KatzirEphraim KatzirEphraim Katzir was an Israeli biophysicist and former Israeli Labor Party politician. He was the fourth President of Israel from 1973 until 1978.-Biography:... - Chief of General Staff - Mordechai GurMordechai GurFollowing his retirement from the IDF, Gur was appointed as the general manager of Kur Mechanica company. In 1981 he was elected to the Knesset as a member of the Alignment. Re-elected in 1984, he served as Minister of Health and was also a member of the Knesset's Security and Foreign Affairs...
- Government of Israel - 17th Government of IsraelSeventeenth government of IsraelThe seventeenth government of Israel was formed by Yitzhak Rabin on 3 June 1974, following the resignation of Prime Minister Golda Meir on 11 April and Rabin's election as Labor Party leader on 26 April...
Events
- January 8 - Yehoshua Ben-ZionYehoshua Ben-ZionYehoshua Ben-Zion was an Israeli banker. He served as the managing director of Israel-British Bank. Following the collapse of the bank in July 1974, owing British investors £46.6 million, Ben-Zion was convicted of embezzling £20 million from the bank. He was sentenced to 12 years in prison...
convicted of embezzling £20 million from the Israeli-British Bank which collapsed in July 1974 owing British investors £46.6 million. He was sentenced to 12 years in prison. Later, Ben-Zion was pardoned by the Israeli president after intervention of Menachem BeginMenachem Begin' was a politician, founder of Likud and the sixth Prime Minister of the State of Israel. Before independence, he was the leader of the Zionist militant group Irgun, the Revisionist breakaway from the larger Jewish paramilitary organization Haganah. He proclaimed a revolt, on 1 February 1944,...
and was released after serving 3 years. - April 25 – Leading Israeli pop star Mike BrantMike BrantMike Brant was an Israeli pop star who achieved fame after moving to France. His most successful hit was "Laisse-moi t'aimer"...
, who achieved world fame after moving to France, leaps to his death from a six store apartment in Paris. - September 4 – The Sinai Interim AgreementSinai Interim AgreementThe Sinai Interim Agreement, also known as the Sinai II Agreement, was a diplomatic agreement signed by Egypt and Israel on September 4, 1975...
is signed between Israel and EgyptEgyptEgypt , officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arabic: , is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East and the Muslim world...
in GenevaGenevaGeneva In the national languages of Switzerland the city is known as Genf , Ginevra and Genevra is the second-most-populous city in Switzerland and is the most populous city of Romandie, the French-speaking part of Switzerland...
. - November 10 – United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3379 is adopted by a vote of 72 to 35 (with 32 abstentions) which equate ZionismZionismZionism is a Jewish political movement that, in its broadest sense, has supported the self-determination of the Jewish people in a sovereign Jewish national homeland. Since the establishment of the State of Israel, the Zionist movement continues primarily to advocate on behalf of the Jewish state...
with racismRacismRacism is the belief that inherent different traits in human racial groups justify discrimination. In the modern English language, the term "racism" is used predominantly as a pejorative epithet. It is applied especially to the practice or advocacy of racial discrimination of a pernicious nature...
. The resolution was eventually revoked by Resolution 46/86 on December 16, 1991. In the history of the UN, this is the only resolution that has ever been revoked. - November 25 – Israeli Air ForceIsraeli Air ForceThe Israeli Air Force is the air force of the State of Israel and the aerial arm of the Israel Defense Forces. It was founded on May 28, 1948, shortly after the Israeli Declaration of Independence...
C-130H 203/4X-FBO, c/n 4533, crashes into mount Jebel Halal, 55 kilometers south-southeast of El Arish, in the Israeli-administered Sinai PeninsulaSinai PeninsulaThe Sinai Peninsula or Sinai is a triangular peninsula in Egypt about in area. It is situated between the Mediterranean Sea to the north, and the Red Sea to the south, and is the only part of Egyptian territory located in Asia as opposed to Africa, effectively serving as a land bridge between two...
. Pilots were Shaul Bustan and Uri Manor.
Israeli–Palestinian conflict
The most prominent events related to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict which occurred during 1975 include:Notable Palestinian militant operations against Israeli targets
The most prominent Palestinian Arab terror attack
Palestinian political violence
Palestinian political violence refers to acts of violence undertaken to further the Palestinian cause. These political objectives include self-determination in and sovereignty over Palestine, the liberation of Palestine and establishment of a Palestinian state, either in place of both Israel and...
s committed against Israeli targets during 1975 include:
- March 6 – Savoy Hotel Attack: eight Palestinian Arab terrorists, members of the Palestine Liberation OrganizationPalestine Liberation OrganizationThe Palestine Liberation Organization is a political and paramilitary organization which was created in 1964. It is recognized as the "sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people" by the United Nations and over 100 states with which it holds diplomatic relations, and has enjoyed...
, in two teams land by boat on Tel AvivTel AvivTel Aviv , officially Tel Aviv-Yafo , is the second most populous city in Israel, with a population of 404,400 on a land area of . The city is located on the Israeli Mediterranean coastline in west-central Israel. It is the largest and most populous city in the metropolitan area of Gush Dan, with...
beach. Shooting and throwing grenades, they capture the Savoy Hotel and take the guests hostage. Five hostages are freed and eight are killed. Three Israeli soldiers are also killed. - June 15 – Kfar Yuval hostage crisisKfar Yuval hostage crisisThe Kfar Yuval hostage crisis, which took place during June 15, 1975, was a raid by a squad of Palestinian militants belonging to the Arab Liberation Front on the Israeli moshav of Kfar Yuval in which the militants took residents as hostages and attempted to bargain for the release of terrorists...
: a terror cell consisting of Palestinian Arab terrorists from the Arab Liberation FrontArab Liberation FrontArab Liberation Front is a minor Palestinian political faction of the Palestine Liberation Organization , politically tied to the Iraqi Ba'ath Party formerly headed by Saddam Hussein.- Historical background :...
cross the border from LebanonLebanonLebanon , officially the Republic of LebanonRepublic of Lebanon is the most common term used by Lebanese government agencies. The term Lebanese Republic, a literal translation of the official Arabic and French names that is not used in today's world. Arabic is the most common language spoken among...
and manage to infiltrate moshav Kfar Yuval in the night and enter one of the houses of the moshav. They kill one of the family members who tries to fight them and then hold the rest of the family members as hostages, demanding the release of Palestinian terrorists held in Israeli prisons. A raid by an IDFIsrael Defense ForcesThe Israel Defense Forces , commonly known in Israel by the Hebrew acronym Tzahal , are the military forces of the State of Israel. They consist of the ground forces, air force and navy. It is the sole military wing of the Israeli security forces, and has no civilian jurisdiction within Israel...
infantry unit kills all four terrorists. Two hostages and one soldier are also killed during the raid. - July 4 – Zion Square refrigerator bombingZion Square refrigerator bombingThe Zion Square refrigerator bombing was a terrorist attack in downtown Jerusalem, Israel on Friday, July 4, 1975 in which 15 civilians were killed and 77 wounded.-The attack:...
: A refrigerator that had five kilograms of explosives packed into its sides explodes on Zion SquareZion SquareZion Square is a public square at the east end of the Ben Yehuda Street Pedestrian Mall in downtown Jerusalem. It abuts Jaffa Road, Herbert Samuel Street and Yoel Moshe Salomon Street as well....
, a main square leading to Ben Yehuda Street and Jaffa RoadJaffa RoadJaffa Road is one of the longest and oldest streets in Jerusalem. It crosses the city from east to west, from the Old City walls to downtown Jerusalem, the western portal of Jerusalem and the Jerusalem-Tel Aviv highway. It is lined with shops, businesses and restaurants...
, Jerusalem. Fifteen people are killed and 77 injured in the attack. The PLO claims responsibility for the attack.
Notable Israeli military operations against Palestinian militancy targets
The most prominent Israeli military counter-terrorism
Counter-terrorism
Counter-terrorism is the practices, tactics, techniques, and strategies that governments, militaries, police departments and corporations adopt to prevent or in response to terrorist threats and/or acts, both real and imputed.The tactic of terrorism is available to insurgents and governments...
operations (military campaign
Military campaign
In the military sciences, the term military campaign applies to large scale, long duration, significant military strategy plan incorporating a series of inter-related military operations or battles forming a distinct part of a larger conflict often called a war...
s and military operations) carried out against Palestinian militants during 1975 include:
Notable births
- March 2 – MukiMuki (singer)Daniel Niv , better known as Mooke is an Israeli singer and rapper, best known as the frontman for successful Israeli hip hop/punk act Shabak Samech between 1992 and 2000, and again since 2007. He is also a successful solo artist...
, Israeli singer and rapper. - March 23 – Adi AshkenaziAdi AshkenaziAdi Ashkenazi is an Israeli actress, Comedian and television host.-Biography:Ashkenazi grew up in Herzliya. She started acting as her direction and learned in Beit Tzvi-School of the performing arts. After she graduated, She played in a few shows and performances in the theatre, and in a children...
, Israeli actress and comedian. - April 3 – Nachshon Wachsman, kidnapped IDF soldier, killed during an attempted rescue operation (d. 19941994 in Israel-Incumbents:* Prime Minister of Israel – Yitzhak Rabin * President of Israel – Ezer Weizman* Chief of General Staff – Ehud Barak* Government of Israel – 25th Government of Israel-Events:...
). - September 16 – Gal FridmanGal FridmanGal Fridman is an Israeli windsurfer and Olympic gold medalist.He was born in Karkur, Israel, and lives in nearby kibbutz Sdot Yam.Fridman won a bronze medal in the Atlanta 1996 Summer Olympics, and a gold medal in the Athens 2004 Summer Olympics...
, Israeli windsurfer and Olympic gold medalGold medalA gold medal is typically the medal awarded for highest achievement in a non-military field. Its name derives from the use of at least a fraction of gold in form of plating or alloying in its manufacture...
ist.
Notable deaths
- February 22 – Mordechai NamirMordechai NamirMordechai Namir was an Israeli politician, who served as the mayor of Tel Aviv, a Knesset member and government minister, as well as being one of the heads of the Labour Zionist movement.-Biography:...
(b. 1897), Russian (Ukraine)-born Israeli politician. - April 6 – Ernst David BergmannErnst David BergmannErnst David Bergmann was an Israeli nuclear scientist and chemist. He is often considered the father of the Israeli nuclear program.- Life and Education :...
(b. 19031903 in Germany-National level:* Kaiser — Wilhelm II* Chancellor — Bernhard von Bülow-Kingdoms:* King of Bavaria — Otto of Bavaria* King of Prussia — Kaiser Wilhelm II* King of Saxony — George of Saxony* King of Württemberg — William II of Württemberg-Grand Duchies:...
), German-born Israeli nuclear scientist and chemist. - April 25 – Mike BrantMike BrantMike Brant was an Israeli pop star who achieved fame after moving to France. His most successful hit was "Laisse-moi t'aimer"...
(b. 19471947 in the British Mandate of PalestineEvents in the year 1947 in the British Mandate of Palestine.-Events:* 7 January – The founding of the kibbutz Mivtahim.* 26 January - Irgun members kidnap a British intelligence officer two days before the planned execution date of the Irgun member Dov Gruner.* 27 January - Irgun members kidnap...
), Israeli singer, committed suicide. - June 18 – Hugo BergmannHugo BergmannSamuel Hugo Bergman, or Samuel Bergman was a German and Israeli Jewish philosopher.-Biography:...
(b. 1883), Austro-Hungarian (Bohemia)-born German and Israeli Jewish philosopher. - August 11 – Rachel Katznelson-ShazarRachel Katznelson-ShazarRachel Katznelson-Shazar , also known as Rachel Shazar, was an active figure in the Zionist movement and wife of Zalman Shazar, the third President of the State of Israel.-Biography:...
(b. 1885), Russian (Belarus)-born Zionist political figure and wife of third President of Israel. - August 12 – Pinchas SapirPinchas SapirPinchas Sapir was an Israeli politician during the first three decades following the country's founding.He held two important ministerial posts, Minister of Finance and Minister of Trade and Industry as well as several other high-ranking governmental posts...
(b. 1906), Russian (Poland)-born Israeli politician. - Full date unknown
- Israel ReichartIsrael ReichartIsrael Reichart was Israeli agriculturist and biologist.- Biography :Reichart was born in Poland in 1891 and emigrated to what was then Ottoman Palestine in 1908.- See also :...
(b. 1891), Russian (Poland)-born Israeli agriculturist and biologist. - Moshe ZilbergMoshe Zilberg-Biography:Zilberg was born in 1900 near Kaunas in Lithuania, then part of the Russian Empire. He studied at various yeshivot, including Klem, Mir, Slabodka and Novardok, and appeared to be somewhat of a prodigy. In 1920, he moved to Frankfurt, Germany and completed his general studies...
(b. 1900), Russian (Lithuania)-born leading Israeli jurist.
- Israel Reichart
See also
- 1975 in Israeli film1975 in Israeli filmA list of films produced by the Israeli film industry in 1975.-1975 releases:-Unknown premiere date:-External links:* at the Internet Movie Database...
- 1975 in Israeli television
- 1975 in Israeli music
- 1975 in Israeli sport
- Israel in the Eurovision Song Contest 1975