1891 in art
Encyclopedia
Events
- Henri MatisseHenri MatisseHenri Matisse was a French artist, known for his use of colour and his fluid and original draughtsmanship. He was a draughtsman, printmaker, and sculptor, but is known primarily as a painter...
begins his studies at the Académie JulianAcadémie JulianThe Académie Julian was an art school in Paris, France.Rodolphe Julian established the Académie Julian in 1868 at the Passage des Panoramas, as a private studio school for art students. The Académie Julian not only prepared students to the exams at the prestigious École des Beaux-Arts, but offered...
. - Correspondence of Marie BashkirtseffMarie BashkirtseffMarie Bashkirtseff was a Ukrainian-born diarist, painter and sculptor....
and Gustave FlaubertGustave FlaubertGustave Flaubert was a French writer who is counted among the greatest Western novelists. He is known especially for his first published novel, Madame Bovary , and for his scrupulous devotion to his art and style.-Early life and education:Flaubert was born on December 12, 1821, in Rouen,...
is published. - Impressionist Armand GuillauminArmand GuillauminArmand Guillaumin , was a French impressionist painter and lithographer.Born Jean-Baptiste Armand Guillaumin in Paris, he worked at his uncle's lingerie shop while attending evening drawing lessons. He also worked for a French government railway before studying at the Académie Suisse in 1861...
wins 100,000 francs in the FrenchFranceThe French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
state lottery and is able to devote himself to painting full-time. - Felix VallottonFélix VallottonFélix Edouard Vallotton was a Swiss painter and printmaker associated with Les Nabis. He was an important figure in the development of the modern woodcut.-Life and work:...
makes his first woodcutWoodcutWoodcut—occasionally known as xylography—is a relief printing artistic technique in printmaking in which an image is carved into the surface of a block of wood, with the printing parts remaining level with the surface while the non-printing parts are removed, typically with gouges...
s.
Works
- Thomas EakinsThomas EakinsThomas Cowperthwait Eakins was an American realist painter, photographer, sculptor, and fine arts educator...
- Amelia Van Buren (Phillips CollectionPhillips CollectionThe Phillips Collection is an art museum founded by Duncan Phillips in 1921 as the Phillips Memorial Gallery located in the Dupont Circle neighborhood of Washington, D.C. Phillips was the grandson of James H...
, Washington, D.C.Washington, D.C.Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, "the District", or simply D.C., is the capital of the United States. On July 16, 1790, the United States Congress approved the creation of a permanent national capital as permitted by the U.S. Constitution....
) - James EnsorJames EnsorJames Sidney Edouard, Baron Ensor was a Flemish-Belgian painter and printmaker, an important influence on expressionism and surrealism who lived in Ostend for almost his entire life...
- Skeletons Fighting Over a Pickled Herring (Royal Museums of Fine Arts of BelgiumRoyal Museums of Fine Arts of BelgiumThe Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium , is one of the most famous museums in Belgium.-The museum:...
, BrusselsBrusselsBrussels , officially the Brussels Region or Brussels-Capital Region , is the capital of Belgium and the de facto capital of the European Union...
) - Akseli Gallen-KallelaAkseli Gallen-KallelaAkseli Gallen-Kallela was a Finnish painter who is best known for his illustrations of the Kalevala, the Finnish national epic . His work was considered very important for the Finnish national identity...
- Aino Triptych (second version) - Georges Seurat - completion of The Circus (Musée d'OrsayMusée d'OrsayThe Musée d'Orsay is a museum in Paris, France, on the left bank of the Seine. It is housed in the former Gare d'Orsay, an impressive Beaux-Arts railway station built between 1898 and 1900. The museum holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915, including paintings, sculptures, furniture,...
, ParisParisParis is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
) - Claude MonetClaude MonetClaude Monet was a founder of French impressionist painting, and the most consistent and prolific practitioner of the movement's philosophy of expressing one's perceptions before nature, especially as applied to plein-air landscape painting. . Retrieved 6 January 2007...
- The Haystack Series - Tom RobertsTom RobertsThomas William Roberts , usually known simply as Tom, was a prominent Australian artist and a key member of the Heidelberg School.-Life:...
- A break away!A break away!A break away! is an 1891 painting by Australian artist Tom Roberts. The painting depicts a mob of thirsty sheep stampeding towards a dam. A drover on horseback is attempting to turn the mob before they drown or crush each other in their desire to drink...
Births
- February 13 - Grant WoodGrant WoodGrant DeVolson Wood was an American painter, born four miles east of Anamosa, Iowa. He is best known for his paintings depicting the rural American Midwest, particularly the painting American Gothic, an iconic image of the 20th century.- Life and career :His family moved to Cedar Rapids after his...
, American painter (d. 19421942 in art-Awards:*Archibald Prize: William Dargie - Corporal Jim Gordon, VC-Works:*Rita Angus - Portrait *Pierre Bonnard - Red Roofs in Cannet*Paul-Émile Borduas - Abstraction No 7*Edward Hopper - Nighthawks...
) - April 2 - Max ErnstMax ErnstMax Ernst was a German painter, sculptor, graphic artist, and poet. A prolific artist, Ernst was one of the primary pioneers of the Dada movement and Surrealism.-Early life:...
, GermanGermanyGermany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
painter, sculptor, graphic artist, and poetPoetA poet is a person who writes poetry. A poet's work can be literal, meaning that his work is derived from a specific event, or metaphorical, meaning that his work can take on many meanings and forms. Poets have existed since antiquity, in nearly all languages, and have produced works that vary...
(d. 19761976 in art-Events:*Completion of the Cubist-influenced Church of the Holy Trinity, Vienna, by Fritz Wotruba.-Exhibitions:*21 July - Opening of P.S.1 Contemporary Art Center in Long Island City, New York...
) - June 8 - Audrey MunsonAudrey MunsonAudrey Munson was an American artist's model and film actress, known variously as "Miss Manhattan," "the Exposition Girl," and "American Venus." She was the model or inspiration for more than 15 statues in New York City and appeared in four silent films.-Life and career:Audrey Marie Munson was...
, AmericanUnited StatesThe United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
actress and artist's model (d. 19961996 in art-Awards:*Archibald Prize – Wendy Sharpe, Self Portrait as Diana of Erskineville*Jan Amos Comenius Medal – Yaacov Agam, for the "Agam Method" for visual education of young children* The Inaugural Hugo Boss Prize – Matthew Barney...
). - August 25 - Alberto SavinioAlberto SavinioAlberto Savinio, real name Andrea Francesco Alberto de Chirico was an Italian writer, painter, musician, journalist, essayist, playwright, set designer and composer. He was the younger brother of 'metaphysical' painter Giorgio De Chirico...
, ItalianItalyItaly , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
writerWriterA writer is a person who produces literature, such as novels, short stories, plays, screenplays, poetry, or other literary art. Skilled writers are able to use language to portray ideas and images....
, painter and composerComposerA composer is a person who creates music, either by musical notation or oral tradition, for interpretation and performance, or through direct manipulation of sonic material through electronic media...
(d. 19521952 in art-Awards:*Archibald Prize: William Dargie - Mr Essington Lewis, CH*Prix Puvis de Chavannes - Tristan Klingsor-Works:*Francis Bacon - Figure in a landscape*Helen Frankenthaler - Mountains and Sea*Elisabeth Frink - Bird...
). - October 11 - George AultGeorge AultGeorge Copeland Ault was an American painter. He was loosely grouped with the Precisionist movement and, though influenced by Cubism and Surrealism, his most lasting work is of a realist nature....
, painter (d. 19481948 in art-Paintings:*Russell Drysdale - The cricketers*Rudolf Hausner - It's Me!*Henri Matisse - The Plum Blossoms*Barnett Newman - Onement I*Jackson Pollock - No...
). - December 2 - Otto DixOtto DixWilhelm Heinrich Otto Dix was a German painter and printmaker, noted for his ruthless and harshly realistic depictions of Weimar society and the brutality of war. Along with George Grosz, he is widely considered one of the most important artists of the Neue Sachlichkeit.-Early life and...
, painter and graphic artist (d. 19691969 in art-Events:*Andy Warhol and Gerard Malanga co-found the magazine, Interview.*Opening of the Oakland Museum of California.*Lyrical Abstraction exhibition debuts at the Aldrich Contemporary Art Museum marking a significant return to expressivity in American abstract painting. For two years the...
). - December 9 - Mark Gertler, painter (d. 19391939 in art-Events:*First of the Madeline books, illustrated by Ludwig Bemelmans.*Release of Detective Comics #27, the debut of Batman.*Ben Nicholson and Barbara Hepworth settle near St Ives, Cornwall, effectively establishing the St Ives School of abstract avant-garde artists.*Exhibition "Contemporary...
). - date unknown - Franz SedlacekFranz SedlacekFranz Sedlacek was an Austrian painter who belonged to the tradition known as "New Objectivity" , an artistic movement similar to Magical Realism...
, Austrian painter (d. 19451945 in art-Events:*Constantine Andreou moves to France, having received a scholarship from the French government.*Jackson Pollock marries Lee Krasner.-Awards:*Archibald Prize: William Dargie - Lt-General The Hon Edmund Herring, KBC, DSO, MC, ED-Works:...
).
Deaths
- January 27 - Jervis McEnteeJervis McEnteeJervis McEntee was an American painter of the Hudson River School. He is a somewhat lesser-known figure of the 19th century American art world, but was the close friend and traveling companion of several of the important Hudson River School artists...
, painter of the Hudson River SchoolHudson River schoolThe Hudson River School was a mid-19th century American art movement embodied by a group of landscape painters whose aesthetic vision was influenced by romanticism...
(b. 18281828 in art-Births:*May 10 – James McDougal Hart, painter *May 11 – Alfred Stevens, painter *May 12 – Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Pre-Raphaelite painter *June 13 – Elie Delaunay, painter...
) - January 30 - Charles Joshua ChaplinCharles Joshua ChaplinCharles Joshua Chaplin was a French painter and engraver. He was born in Les Andelys, Eure, France to an English father and a French mother. Although he spent the whole of his life in France, he only became naturalized in 1886. He died in Paris, France.Chaplin conducted art classes specifically...
, painter and engraver (b. 18251825 in art-Births:*February 4 – Myles Birket Foster, illustrator and watercolour painter *March 13 – Hans Gude, painter *May 1 – Eleanor Vere Boyle, watercolorist *May 9 – James Collinson, Pre-Raphaelite painter...
) - January 31 - Jean-Louis-Ernest MeissonierJean-Louis-Ernest MeissonierJean-Louis Ernest Meissonier was a French Classicist painter and sculptor famous for his depictions of Napoleon, his armies and military themes. He documented sieges and manoeuvres and was the teacher of Édouard Detaille.-Biography:Ernest Meissonier was born at Lyon...
, French classicist painter (b. 18151815 in art-Works:*Antonio Canova – The Three Graces*Francisco Goya – Tauromaquia*J. M. W. Turner – Crossing the Brook-Births:*February 18 – Baron Leys, painter *June 11 – Julia Margaret Cameron, photographer...
) - February 9 - Johan JongkindJohan JongkindJohan Barthold Jongkind was a Dutch painter and printmaker regarded as a forerunner of Impressionism who influenced Claude Monet....
, painter (b. 18191819 in art-Events:*Francisco Goya begins the series of "Black Paintings", working directly onto the walls of his dining and sitting rooms at his home, Quinta del Sordo, near Madrid.-Works:*Washington Allston – Florimell's Flight...
) - March 29 - Georges-Pierre SeuratGeorges-Pierre SeuratGeorges-Pierre Seurat was a French Post-Impressionist painter and draftsman. He is noted for his innovative use of drawing media and for devising a technique of painting known as pointillism...
, Post-Impressionist painter (b. 18591859 in art-Events:* April 26 - William Morris marries his model, Jane Burden.* Frederic E. Church's The Heart of the Andes is exhibited in New York and draws 12,000 paying visitors....
) - September 5 - Elie DelaunayElie DelaunayJules-Élie Delaunay was a French academic painter.He was born at Nantes in the Loire-Atlantique département of France. Delaunay studied under Flandrin, and at the École des Beaux Arts in Paris under Lamothe...
, painter (b. 18281828 in art-Births:*May 10 – James McDougal Hart, painter *May 11 – Alfred Stevens, painter *May 12 – Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Pre-Raphaelite painter *June 13 – Elie Delaunay, painter...
) - September 9 - William TheedWilliam TheedWilliam Theed, also known as William Theed, the younger was an English sculptor, the son of the sculptor and painter William Theed the elder . Although versatile and eclectic in his works, he specialised in portraiture, and his services were extensively used by the Royal Family.-Career:Theed was...
, sculptor (b. 18041804 in art-Events:*Sculptor Pompeo Marchesi wins a scholarship to study in Rome under Antonio Canova.-Awards:The Prix de Rome had been expanded in 1803 to include musical composition as a category, but was not awarded in 1804.* Grand Prix de Rome, painting:...
) - September 11 - Théodule RibotThéodule RibotThéodule-Augustin Ribot was a French realist painter.He was born in Saint-Nicolas-d'Attez, and studied at the École des Arts et Métiers de Châlons before moving to Paris in 1845. There he found work decorating gilded frames for a mirror manufacturer; he also studied in the studio of...
, realist painter (b. 18231823 in art-Works:*Gilbert Stuart - Portrait of John Adams *Ferdinand Waldmüller – Portrait of Ludwig van Beethoven-Births:*March 1 – Charles Callahan Perkins, art critic and author...
) - October 30 - Truman SeymourTruman SeymourTruman Seymour was an a career soldier and an accomplished painter. He served in the Union Army during the American Civil War, rising to the rank of major general. He commanded the Union troops at the Battle of Olustee, the largest Civil War battle fought in Florida.-Early life and career:Seymour...
, American soldier and painter (b. 18241824 in art-Events:*April 2 – The British government buys John Julius Angerstein's art collection for £60,000 for the purpose of establishing a National Gallery in London....
)