1881 in Germany
Encyclopedia

National level

  • Kaiser
    Kaiser
    Kaiser is the German title meaning "Emperor", with Kaiserin being the female equivalent, "Empress". Like the Russian Czar it is directly derived from the Latin Emperors' title of Caesar, which in turn is derived from the personal name of a branch of the gens Julia, to which Gaius Julius Caesar,...

     — William I
    William I, German Emperor
    William I, also known as Wilhelm I , of the House of Hohenzollern was the King of Prussia and the first German Emperor .Under the leadership of William and his Chancellor Otto von Bismarck, Prussia achieved the unification of Germany and the...

  • Chancellor
    Chancellor of Germany
    The Chancellor of Germany is, under the German 1949 constitution, the head of government of Germany...

     — Otto von Bismarck
    Otto von Bismarck
    Otto Eduard Leopold, Prince of Bismarck, Duke of Lauenburg , simply known as Otto von Bismarck, was a Prussian-German statesman whose actions unified Germany, made it a major player in world affairs, and created a balance of power that kept Europe at peace after 1871.As Minister President of...


Kingdoms

  • King of Bavaria
    King of Bavaria
    King of Bavaria was a title held by the hereditary Wittelsbach rulers of Bavaria in the state known as the Kingdom of Bavaria from 1805 until 1918, when the kingdom was abolished...

     — Ludwig II of Bavaria
    Ludwig II of Bavaria
    Ludwig II was King of Bavaria from 1864 until shortly before his death. He is sometimes called the Swan King and der Märchenkönig, the Fairy tale King...

  • King of Prussia — Kaiser William I
  • King of Saxony — Albert of Saxony
    Albert of Saxony
    Albert of Saxony may refer to:* Albert of Saxony * Albert I, Duke of Saxony * Albert, Duke of Saxony * Prince Albert of Saxony, Duke of Teschen * Albert of Saxony...

  • King of Württemberg — Charles I of Württemberg
    Charles I of Württemberg
    Charles was the third King of Württemberg, from 25 June 1864 until his death in 1891.-Early life:He was born 6 March 1823 at Stuttgart, as HRH Charles Frederick Alexander, Crown Prince of Württemberg the son of William I, King of Württemberg and his third wife Pauline Therese of Württemberg .He...


Grand Duchies

  • Grand Duke of Baden — Frederick I
  • Grand Duke of Hesse — Louis IV
    Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse
    Louis IV , was the fourth Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine, reigning from 13 June 1877 until his death...

  • Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
    Mecklenburg-Schwerin
    Mecklenburg-Schwerin was a duchy in northern Germany created in 1348, when Albert II of Mecklenburg and his younger brother John were raised to Dukes of Mecklenburg by King Charles IV...

     — Frederick Francis II
  • Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz — Frederick William
  • Grand Duke of Oldenburg — Peter II
    Peter II, Grand Duke of Oldenburg
    Peter II, Grand Duke of Oldenburg was the ruler of Oldenburg from 1853 to 1900.-Family:Duke Nikolaus Friedrich Peter was the only son of Augustus, Grand Duke of Oldenburg by his second wife Princess Ida of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym. He was born on 8 July 1827 in Oldenburg. In his youth, he...

  • Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
    Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
    The Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach was created in 1809 by the merger of the Ernestine duchies of Saxe-Weimar and Saxe-Eisenach. It was raised to a Grand duchy in 1815 by resolution of the Vienna Congress. In 1877, it officially changed its name to the Grand Duchy of Saxony , but this name was...

     — Charles Alexander
    Charles Alexander, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
    Karl Alexander August Johann, Grand Duke of Saxony; 24 June 1818 – 5 January 1901) was the ruler of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach from 1853 until his death.-Biography:...


Principalities

  • Schaumburg-Lippe
    Schaumburg-Lippe
    Schaumburg-Lippe was until 1946 a small state in Germany, located in the present day state of Lower Saxony, with its capital at Bückeburg.- History :...

     — Adolf I, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe
    Adolf I, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe
    Adolf I, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe was a ruler of the Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe.-Biography:He was born in Bückeburg to Georg Wilhelm, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe and Princess Ida of Waldeck and Pyrmont ....

  • Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
    Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
    Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt was a small historic state in present-day Thuringia, Germany with its capital at Rudolstadt.-History:Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt was established in 1599 in the course of a resettlement of Schwarzburg dynasty lands...

     — George Albert, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
    George Albert, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
    Georg Albert, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt was the penultimate sovereign prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt.-Biography:...

  • Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
    Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
    Schwarzburg-Sondershausen was a small principality in Germany, in the present day state of Thuringia, with capital at Sondershausen.-History:...

     — Charles Gonthier, Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
    Charles Gonthier, Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
    Charles Gonthier, Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen was the ruler of the principality of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, a constituent state of the German Empire, and head of the House of Schwarzburg from 17 July 1880 until his death.-Hereditary Prince:...

  • Principality of Lippe
    Principality of Lippe
    Lippe was a historical state in Germany. It was located between the Weser River and the southeast part of the Teutoburg forest.-History:...

     — Woldemar, Prince of Lippe
    Woldemar, Prince of Lippe
    Woldemar of Lippe was the sovereign of the Principality of Lippe reigning from 1875 until his death.-Early life and reign:...

  • Reuss Elder Line
    Reuss Elder Line
    The Principality of Reuss Elder Line was a state in Germany, ruled by members of the House of Reuss. The Counts Reuss of Greiz, Lower- and Upper Greiz , were elevated to princely status in 1778. Its members bore the title Prince Reuss, Elder Line, or Prince Reuss of Greiz...

     — Heinrich XXII, Prince Reuss of Greiz
    Heinrich XXII, Prince Reuss of Greiz
    Prince Heinrich XXII Reuss of Greiz was the reigning sovereign of Reuss, a small principality of the German states, from 1859 to his death in 1902.-Reign:...

  • Reuss Younger Line — Heinrich XIV, Prince Reuss Younger Line
    Heinrich XIV, Prince Reuss Younger Line
    -Early life:Heinrich XIV was born at Coburg, Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, sixth child of Heinrich LXVII, Prince Reuss Younger Line , and his wife, Princess Adelheid Reuss of Ebersdorf , .-Prince Reuss...

  • Waldeck and Pyrmont
    Waldeck (state)
    Waldeck was a sovereign principality in the German Empire and German Confederation and, until 1929, a constituent state of the Weimar Republic. It comprised territories in present-day Hesse and Lower Saxony, ....

     — George Victor, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont
    George Victor, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont
    George Victor was the 3rd sovereign Prince of the German state of Waldeck and Pyrmont.He was born in Arolsen the son of George II, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont and his wife Princess Emma of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym...


Duchies

  • Duke of Anhalt — Frederick I, Duke of Anhalt
    Frederick I, Duke of Anhalt
    Frederick I was a German prince of the house of Ascania who ruled the Duchy of Anhalt from 1871 to 1904.-Early life:...

  • Duke of Brunswick — William, Duke of Brunswick
  • Duke of Saxe-Altenburg — Ernst I, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
  • Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha — Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
    Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
    Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha was the second sovereign duke of the German duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, reigning from 1844 to his death...

  • Duke of Saxe-Meiningen — Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen
    Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen
    Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen , was the penultimate Duke of Saxe-Meiningen, reigning from 1866 to 1914.-Family and early life:...


Births

  • 27July — Hans Fischer
    Hans Fischer
    Hans Fischer was a German organic chemist and the recipient of the 1930 Nobel Prize for Chemistry.-Early years:...

    , German chemist, Nobel Prize
    Nobel Prize in Chemistry
    The Nobel Prize in Chemistry is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of chemistry. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895, awarded for outstanding contributions in chemistry, physics, literature,...

     laureate (b. 1945
    1945 in Germany
    -National level:Head of State:* Adolf Hitler until 30 April, then Karl Dönitz to 23 May, then noneChancellor...

    )
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