1867 Atlantic hurricane season
Encyclopedia
On the morning of June 21, a tropical storm formed approximately 65 miles east northeast of Daytona Beach, Florida
. Initially below hurricane strength with a maximum sustained wind speed of 60 mph (96.6 km/h), the tropical storm moved almost due north
, while strengthening steadily. By the early hours of June 22, the system had intensified into a Category 1
hurricane, while moving slowly east northeastward. Hours later, the hurricane made landfall near the city of Charleston, South Carolina
, with peak winds of 80 mph (128.7 km/h). Weakening steadily, the system's last known location was near Raleigh, North Carolina
, on June 23.
. Tracking generally northwestward, the storm changed little in intensity until located to the north of Grand Turk
. From there, it proceeded northwestward, and intensified to near Category 1 hurricane status. As it moved to the southwest of Wilmington, North Carolina
, the storm attained its peak intensity of 100 mph (160.9 km/h); shortly thereafter, it commenced re-curving to the north. Resuming a more northeasterly track, the cyclone began to go undergo a weakening trend, and once again became a Category 1 storm. Further weakening occurred while the hurricane was located to the west of Sable Island
. The storm was last reported to the southeast of Cape Race
on the island of Newfoundland. It caused two deaths off the United States East Coast before dissipating the same day (August 3). As the storm passed by the Mid-Atlantic
, a ship encountered the storm in the pre-dawn hours of August 2 (2:00 am), about 140 mi (225.3 km) east of Norfolk, Virginia
; a pressure reading of 28.6 inHg (968.5 mbar) was recorded two hours later. Around 4:00 am the same day, the brig "Chanticleer", located near the lower Delaware
coast, recorded a strong gust of wind. A little after dawn
, gusts over hurricane strength were being recorded at the same location. The "Oak Ridge" passed directly through the eye of the hurricane, reporting winds first from the east southeast, turning calm for short while, before a wind from the west blew. Another ship located just south of Montauk point reported hurricane force winds for three hours, and the barometer fell 14 mbar (0.413419600223247 inHg) in an hour and a half.
hurricane. The report of the hurricane was based on observations from the ship Suwanee, with no other reports available.
. Late on September 2, the storm retained tropical storm status as it paralleled the coast of Washington, D.C. Retracing to the east at an increasing forward speed, the storm system held its intensity of 70 mph (112.7 km/h) for the rest of its existence. Observations from the ship Helen R. Cooper confirm that this storm was in fact a hurricane.
. It reportedly attained Category 2 hurricane status while located approximately 100 miles to the east of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, with winds peaking at 100 mph (160.9 km/h). Spinning to the north-northeast, the hurricane eventually entered a weakning phase, and its last reported location was approximately 285 miles northeast of Virginia Beach, Virginia
. This hurricane never made landfall.
, off the coast of northeastern Mexico
. Holding its intensity, the storm system paralleled the Texas
coastline, causing "many" deaths. A storm tide value of 7 feet (2.1 m) was reported in Ludlum (1963), and it is possible that Brownsville, Texas
was in the western eyewall of the hurricane at the storms closest approach. Turning towards Louisiana
, the storm made landfall on the state with winds of 100 mph (160.9 km/h), a Category 2 on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane scale
. Moving to the west and weakening, the storm made landfall on the state of Florida
during the day on October 6. Holding its strength while crossing the Sunshine state, the tropical storm re-emerged into Atlantic waters. Taking a slight turn to the north, it dissipated off the coast of North Carolina
on October 9.
. With winds of 50 mph (80.5 km/h), the storm had reached its peak, and consequently, and dissipated the same day.
. 80 ships were destroyed by Nine in the area of St. Thomas, including the RMS Rhone
. On the island, the hurricane caused approximately 600 deaths. The storm then moved towards Puerto Rico
as a weak category 1 hurricane with winds of 80 mph (128.7 km/h). The storm has been called "one of the most intense hurricanes to hit the island". A death toll of 211 was reported on Puerto Rico. The effects of the storm on the island's agriculture were ruinous, ultimately leading to a great economic crisis. After re-emerging over water on October 30, Nine crossed the Dominican Republic
as a tropical storm, and then passed through Haiti
, where it dissipated.
Daytona Beach, Florida
Daytona Beach is a city in Volusia County, Florida, USA. According to 2008 U.S. Census Bureau estimates, the city has a population of 64,211. Daytona Beach is a principal city of the Deltona – Daytona Beach – Ormond Beach, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area, which the census bureau estimated had...
. Initially below hurricane strength with a maximum sustained wind speed of 60 mph (96.6 km/h), the tropical storm moved almost due north
N
N is the fourteenth letter in the basic modern Latin alphabet.- History of the forms :One of the most common hieroglyphs, snake, was used in Egyptian writing to stand for a sound like English ⟨J⟩, because the Egyptian word for "snake" was djet...
, while strengthening steadily. By the early hours of June 22, the system had intensified into a Category 1
Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale
The Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale , or the Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale , classifies hurricanes — Western Hemisphere tropical cyclones that exceed the intensities of tropical depressions and tropical storms — into five categories distinguished by the intensities of their sustained winds...
hurricane, while moving slowly east northeastward. Hours later, the hurricane made landfall near the city of Charleston, South Carolina
Charleston, South Carolina
Charleston is the second largest city in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It was made the county seat of Charleston County in 1901 when Charleston County was founded. The city's original name was Charles Towne in 1670, and it moved to its present location from a location on the west bank of the...
, with peak winds of 80 mph (128.7 km/h). Weakening steadily, the system's last known location was near Raleigh, North Carolina
Raleigh, North Carolina
Raleigh is the capital and the second largest city in the state of North Carolina as well as the seat of Wake County. Raleigh is known as the "City of Oaks" for its many oak trees. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city's 2010 population was 403,892, over an area of , making Raleigh...
, on June 23.
Hurricane Two
During the last days of July, a hurricane was reported about 375 mi (600 km) east-northeast of DominicaDominica
Dominica , officially the Commonwealth of Dominica, is an island nation in the Lesser Antilles region of the Caribbean Sea, south-southeast of Guadeloupe and northwest of Martinique. Its size is and the highest point in the country is Morne Diablotins, which has an elevation of . The Commonwealth...
. Tracking generally northwestward, the storm changed little in intensity until located to the north of Grand Turk
Grand Turk Island
Grand Turk Island is an island in the Turks and Caicos Islands. It is the largest island in the Turks Islands with . It contains the territory's capital, Cockburn Town and the JAGS McCartney International Airport...
. From there, it proceeded northwestward, and intensified to near Category 1 hurricane status. As it moved to the southwest of Wilmington, North Carolina
Wilmington, North Carolina
Wilmington is a port city in and is the county seat of New Hanover County, North Carolina, United States. The population is 106,476 according to the 2010 Census, making it the eighth most populous city in the state of North Carolina...
, the storm attained its peak intensity of 100 mph (160.9 km/h); shortly thereafter, it commenced re-curving to the north. Resuming a more northeasterly track, the cyclone began to go undergo a weakening trend, and once again became a Category 1 storm. Further weakening occurred while the hurricane was located to the west of Sable Island
Sable Island
Sable Island is a small Canadian island situated 300 km southeast of mainland Nova Scotia in the Atlantic Ocean. The island is a year-round home to approximately five people...
. The storm was last reported to the southeast of Cape Race
Cape Race
Cape Race is a point of land located at the southeastern tip of the Avalon Peninsula on the island of Newfoundland, Canada. Its name is thought to come from the original Portuguese name for this cape, "Raso", or "bare"...
on the island of Newfoundland. It caused two deaths off the United States East Coast before dissipating the same day (August 3). As the storm passed by the Mid-Atlantic
Mid-Atlantic Ridge
The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is a mid-ocean ridge, a divergent tectonic plate boundary located along the floor of the Atlantic Ocean, and part of the longest mountain range in the world. It separates the Eurasian Plate and North American Plate in the North Atlantic, and the African Plate from the South...
, a ship encountered the storm in the pre-dawn hours of August 2 (2:00 am), about 140 mi (225.3 km) east of Norfolk, Virginia
Norfolk, Virginia
Norfolk is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. With a population of 242,803 as of the 2010 Census, it is Virginia's second-largest city behind neighboring Virginia Beach....
; a pressure reading of 28.6 inHg (968.5 mbar) was recorded two hours later. Around 4:00 am the same day, the brig "Chanticleer", located near the lower Delaware
Delaware
Delaware is a U.S. state located on the Atlantic Coast in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. It is bordered to the south and west by Maryland, and to the north by Pennsylvania...
coast, recorded a strong gust of wind. A little after dawn
Dawn
Dawn is the time that marks the beginning of the twilight before sunrise. It is recognized by the presence of weak sunlight, while the sun itself is still below the horizon...
, gusts over hurricane strength were being recorded at the same location. The "Oak Ridge" passed directly through the eye of the hurricane, reporting winds first from the east southeast, turning calm for short while, before a wind from the west blew. Another ship located just south of Montauk point reported hurricane force winds for three hours, and the barometer fell 14 mbar (0.413419600223247 inHg) in an hour and a half.
Hurricane Three
Early on August 2, a hurricane developed over the central Caribbean Sea. The storm reached an estimated peak intensity of 100 mph (160.9 km/h), making it a Category 2Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale
The Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale , or the Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale , classifies hurricanes — Western Hemisphere tropical cyclones that exceed the intensities of tropical depressions and tropical storms — into five categories distinguished by the intensities of their sustained winds...
hurricane. The report of the hurricane was based on observations from the ship Suwanee, with no other reports available.
Hurricane Four
Late on August 31, a Category 1 hurricane with maximum sustained winds of 80 mph (128.7 km/h) was reported over the Central Atlantic. Moving generally north to north-northeast, the storm gained no intensity over the next day or so as it passed between the United States East Coast and BermudaBermuda
Bermuda is a British overseas territory in the North Atlantic Ocean. Located off the east coast of the United States, its nearest landmass is Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, about to the west-northwest. It is about south of Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, and northeast of Miami, Florida...
. Late on September 2, the storm retained tropical storm status as it paralleled the coast of Washington, D.C. Retracing to the east at an increasing forward speed, the storm system held its intensity of 70 mph (112.7 km/h) for the rest of its existence. Observations from the ship Helen R. Cooper confirm that this storm was in fact a hurricane.
Tropical Storm Five
Early on September 4, a tropical cyclone formed several hundred miles to the east of the Leeward Islands. The storm's recorded wind speeds reached no more than 60 mph (96.6 km/h), and there were no further reports of it on subsequent days.Hurricane Six
Late on September 29, a Category 1 hurricane formed several hundred miles north of the Bahamas. Tracking to the north, the storm system gained very little strength while passing several hundred miles southwest of Savannah, GeorgiaSavannah, Georgia
Savannah is the largest city and the county seat of Chatham County, in the U.S. state of Georgia. Established in 1733, the city of Savannah was the colonial capital of the Province of Georgia and later the first state capital of Georgia. Today Savannah is an industrial center and an important...
. It reportedly attained Category 2 hurricane status while located approximately 100 miles to the east of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, with winds peaking at 100 mph (160.9 km/h). Spinning to the north-northeast, the hurricane eventually entered a weakning phase, and its last reported location was approximately 285 miles northeast of Virginia Beach, Virginia
Virginia Beach, Virginia
Virginia Beach is an independent city located in the Hampton Roads metropolitan area of Virginia, on the Atlantic Ocean at the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay...
. This hurricane never made landfall.
Hurricane Seven
Late on October 2, a hurricane formed in the Gulf of MexicoGulf of Mexico
The Gulf of Mexico is a partially landlocked ocean basin largely surrounded by the North American continent and the island of Cuba. It is bounded on the northeast, north and northwest by the Gulf Coast of the United States, on the southwest and south by Mexico, and on the southeast by Cuba. In...
, off the coast of northeastern Mexico
Mexico
The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of...
. Holding its intensity, the storm system paralleled the Texas
Texas
Texas is the second largest U.S. state by both area and population, and the largest state by area in the contiguous United States.The name, based on the Caddo word "Tejas" meaning "friends" or "allies", was applied by the Spanish to the Caddo themselves and to the region of their settlement in...
coastline, causing "many" deaths. A storm tide value of 7 feet (2.1 m) was reported in Ludlum (1963), and it is possible that Brownsville, Texas
Brownsville, Texas
Brownsville is a city in the southernmost tip of the state of Texas, in the United States. It is located on the northern bank of the Rio Grande, directly north and across the border from Matamoros, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Brownsville is the 16th largest city in the state of Texas with a population of...
was in the western eyewall of the hurricane at the storms closest approach. Turning towards Louisiana
Louisiana
Louisiana is a state located in the southern region of the United States of America. Its capital is Baton Rouge and largest city is New Orleans. Louisiana is the only state in the U.S. with political subdivisions termed parishes, which are local governments equivalent to counties...
, the storm made landfall on the state with winds of 100 mph (160.9 km/h), a Category 2 on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane scale
Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale
The Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale , or the Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale , classifies hurricanes — Western Hemisphere tropical cyclones that exceed the intensities of tropical depressions and tropical storms — into five categories distinguished by the intensities of their sustained winds...
. Moving to the west and weakening, the storm made landfall on the state of Florida
Florida
Florida is a state in the southeastern United States, located on the nation's Atlantic and Gulf coasts. It is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia and to the east by the Atlantic Ocean. With a population of 18,801,310 as measured by the 2010 census, it...
during the day on October 6. Holding its strength while crossing the Sunshine state, the tropical storm re-emerged into Atlantic waters. Taking a slight turn to the north, it dissipated off the coast of North Carolina
North Carolina
North Carolina is a state located in the southeastern United States. The state borders South Carolina and Georgia to the south, Tennessee to the west and Virginia to the north. North Carolina contains 100 counties. Its capital is Raleigh, and its largest city is Charlotte...
on October 9.
Tropical Storm Eight
During the morning hours of October 9, a tropical storm formed in the vicinity of the British Virgin IslandsBritish Virgin Islands
The Virgin Islands, often called the British Virgin Islands , is a British overseas territory and overseas territory of the European Union, located in the Caribbean to the east of Puerto Rico. The islands make up part of the Virgin Islands archipelago, the remaining islands constituting the U.S...
. With winds of 50 mph (80.5 km/h), the storm had reached its peak, and consequently, and dissipated the same day.
Hurricane Nine
On October 27, a tropical storm formed in the Central Atlantic. Moving west, Nine became a hurricane the next day, and a major category 3 hurricane on October 29. A landfall on Sombrero Island occurred in the morning hours of the same day, and the storm reached its peak intensity of 125 mph (205 km/h) with a pressure of 952 mbar (28.1 inHg) shortly before a second landfall on St. ThomasSaint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands
Saint Thomas is an island in the Caribbean Sea and with the islands of Saint John, Saint Croix, and Water Island a county and constituent district of the United States Virgin Islands , an unincorporated territory of the United States. Located on the island is the territorial capital and port of...
. 80 ships were destroyed by Nine in the area of St. Thomas, including the RMS Rhone
RMS Rhone
The RMS Rhone was a British packet ship owned by the Royal Mail Steam Packet Company. She was wrecked off the coast of Salt Island in the British Virgin Islands on 29 October 1867 during a hurricane with the loss of approximately 123 lives...
. On the island, the hurricane caused approximately 600 deaths. The storm then moved towards Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico , officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico , is an unincorporated territory of the United States, located in the northeastern Caribbean, east of the Dominican Republic and west of both the United States Virgin Islands and the British Virgin Islands.Puerto Rico comprises an...
as a weak category 1 hurricane with winds of 80 mph (128.7 km/h). The storm has been called "one of the most intense hurricanes to hit the island". A death toll of 211 was reported on Puerto Rico. The effects of the storm on the island's agriculture were ruinous, ultimately leading to a great economic crisis. After re-emerging over water on October 30, Nine crossed the Dominican Republic
Dominican Republic
The Dominican Republic is a nation on the island of La Hispaniola, part of the Greater Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean region. The western third of the island is occupied by the nation of Haiti, making Hispaniola one of two Caribbean islands that are shared by two countries...
as a tropical storm, and then passed through Haiti
Haiti
Haiti , officially the Republic of Haiti , is a Caribbean country. It occupies the western, smaller portion of the island of Hispaniola, in the Greater Antillean archipelago, which it shares with the Dominican Republic. Ayiti was the indigenous Taíno or Amerindian name for the island...
, where it dissipated.