1645 in England
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 1645 in England: |
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| 1643 1643 in England Events from the year 1643 in the Kingdom of England.-Events:* 23 January - English Civil War: Leeds falls to Parliamentary forces.* 13 March - English Civil War: The Roundheads routed the Cavaliers at the First Battle of Middlewich.... | 1644 1644 in England Events from the year 1644 in the Kingdom of England.-Events:* King Charles I opens a Royalist 'parliament' at Oxford.* 26 January - First English Civil War: At the Battle of Nantwich the Parliamentarians defeat the Royalists.... | 1645 | 1646 1646 in England Events from the year 1646 in the Kingdom of England.-Events:* 9 January - Battle of Bovey Heath: Parliament secures a significant victory over the Royalists in Devon.* 13 March - Parliament captures Cornwall after Royalists surrender at Truro.... | 1647 1647 in England Events from the year 1647 in the Kingdom of England.-Events:* 30 January - Scots hand over King Charles I to England in return for £40,000 of army back-pay.* March - Folk dancing and bear-baiting banned.... |
Events from the year 1645 in the Kingdom of England
Kingdom of England
The Kingdom of England was, from 927 to 1707, a sovereign state to the northwest of continental Europe. At its height, the Kingdom of England spanned the southern two-thirds of the island of Great Britain and several smaller outlying islands; what today comprises the legal jurisdiction of England...
.
Events
- January - A group of ministers appointed by the Long ParliamentLong ParliamentThe Long Parliament was made on 3 November 1640, following the Bishops' Wars. It received its name from the fact that through an Act of Parliament, it could only be dissolved with the agreement of the members, and those members did not agree to its dissolution until after the English Civil War and...
draws up the Directory of Public WorshipDirectory of Public WorshipThe Directory for Public Worship was a manual of directions for worship approved by an ordinance of Parliament early in 1645 to replace the Book of Common Prayer .-Origins:The movement against the Book of Common...
which replaces the Book of Common PrayerBook of Common PrayerThe Book of Common Prayer is the short title of a number of related prayer books used in the Anglican Communion, as well as by the Continuing Anglican, "Anglican realignment" and other Anglican churches. The original book, published in 1549 , in the reign of Edward VI, was a product of the English...
. Holy Days (other than Sundays) are not to be observed. - 10 January - Archbishop of CanterburyArchbishop of CanterburyThe Archbishop of Canterbury is the senior bishop and principal leader of the Church of England, the symbolic head of the worldwide Anglican Communion, and the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of Canterbury. In his role as head of the Anglican Communion, the archbishop leads the third largest group...
William LaudWilliam LaudWilliam Laud was Archbishop of Canterbury from 1633 to 1645. One of the High Church Caroline divines, he opposed radical forms of Puritanism...
executed for treasonTreasonIn law, treason is the crime that covers some of the more extreme acts against one's sovereign or nation. Historically, treason also covered the murder of specific social superiors, such as the murder of a husband by his wife. Treason against the king was known as high treason and treason against a...
on Tower Hill, London. - 14 January - English Civil WarEnglish Civil WarThe English Civil War was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists...
: FairfaxThomas Fairfax, 3rd Lord Fairfax of CameronThomas Fairfax, 3rd Lord Fairfax of Cameron was a general and parliamentary commander-in-chief during the English Civil War...
appointed Commander-in-Chief. - 29 January - English Civil War: ArmisticeArmisticeAn armistice is a situation in a war where the warring parties agree to stop fighting. It is not necessarily the end of a war, but may be just a cessation of hostilities while an attempt is made to negotiate a lasting peace...
talks opened at UxbridgeUxbridgeUxbridge is a large town located in north west London, England and is the administrative headquarters of the London Borough of Hillingdon. It forms part of the ceremonial county of Greater London. It is located west-northwest of Charing Cross and is one of the major metropolitan centres...
. - 15 February - English Civil War: New Model ArmyNew Model ArmyThe New Model Army of England was formed in 1645 by the Parliamentarians in the English Civil War, and was disbanded in 1660 after the Restoration...
officially founded. - 22 February - English Civil War: Uxbridge armistice talks failed.
- 4 March - English Civil War: Prince RupertPrince Rupert of the RhineRupert, Count Palatine of the Rhine, Duke of Bavaria, 1st Duke of Cumberland, 1st Earl of Holderness , commonly called Prince Rupert of the Rhine, KG, FRS was a noted soldier, admiral, scientist, sportsman, colonial governor and amateur artist during the 17th century...
left OxfordOxfordThe city of Oxford is the county town of Oxfordshire, England. The city, made prominent by its medieval university, has a population of just under 165,000, with 153,900 living within the district boundary. It lies about 50 miles north-west of London. The rivers Cherwell and Thames run through...
for BristolBristolBristol is a city, unitary authority area and ceremonial county in South West England, with an estimated population of 433,100 for the unitary authority in 2009, and a surrounding Larger Urban Zone with an estimated 1,070,000 residents in 2007...
. - 3 April - The House of LordsHouse of LordsThe House of Lords is the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Like the House of Commons, it meets in the Palace of Westminster....
passes the Self-denying OrdinanceSelf-denying OrdinanceThe first Self-denying Ordinance was a bill moved on 9 December 1644 to deprive members of the Parliament of England from holding command in the army or the navy during the English Civil War. It failed to pass the House of Lords. A second Self-denying Ordinance was agreed to on 3 April 1645,...
. - 1 June - English Civil War: Prince Rupert's army sacks Leicester.
- 10 June - English Civil War: Cromwell confirmed as Lieutenant-General of Cavalry.
- 14 June - English Civil War: Battle of NasebyBattle of NasebyThe Battle of Naseby was the key battle of the first English Civil War. On 14 June 1645, the main army of King Charles I was destroyed by the Parliamentarian New Model Army commanded by Sir Thomas Fairfax and Oliver Cromwell.-The Campaign:...
- 12,000 Royalist forces are beaten by 15,000 ParliamentarianLong ParliamentThe Long Parliament was made on 3 November 1640, following the Bishops' Wars. It received its name from the fact that through an Act of Parliament, it could only be dissolved with the agreement of the members, and those members did not agree to its dissolution until after the English Civil War and...
soldiers. - 28 June - English Civil War - the Royalists lose Carlisle.
- 10 July - English Civil War: Cromwell wins the Battle of LangportBattle of LangportThe Battle of Langport was a Parliamentarian victory late in the English Civil War which destroyed the last Royalist field army and gave Parliament control of the West of England, which had hitherto been a major source of manpower, raw materials and imports for the Royalists...
, Somerset. - 27 August - Eighteen suspected witches hanged following the Bury St. Edmunds witch trial.
- 10 September - English Civil War: Prince Rupert surrenders Bristol.
- 24 September - English Civil War: Parliamentarians defeat Royalist cavalry at the Battle of Rowton HeathBattle of Rowton HeathThe Battle of Rowton Heath occurred on 24 September 1645 during the English Civil War between the Parliamentarians, commanded by Sydnam Poyntz, and the Royalists under the personal command of King Charles I...
. - 8 October - English Civil War: Final bombardment of Basing HouseBasing HouseBasing House was a major Tudor palace and castle in the village of Old Basing in the English county of Hampshire. It once rivaled Hampton Court Palace in its size and opulence. Today only its foundations and earthworks remain...
begins. - 11 October - English Civil War The re-fortification of Bourne, LincolnshireBourne, LincolnshireBourne is a market town and civil parish on the western edge of the Fens, in the District of South Kesteven in southern Lincolnshire, England.-The town:...
castle against threatened Royalist attack, begun.
Births
- Daniel Burgess, divine (died 17131713 in Great BritainEvents from the year 1713 in Great Britain.-Events:* 27 March - First Treaty of Utrecht between Britain and Spain. Spain cedes Gibraltar and Minorca....
) - John Fenwick, conspirator (died 16971697 in EnglandEvents from the year 1697 in the Kingdom of England.-Events:* 20 September - The Treaty of Ryswick ends the War of the Grand Alliance.* 2 December - First service held in St Paul's Cathedral since rebuilding work after the Great Fire of London began....
) - Sidney Godolphin, 1st Earl of GodolphinSidney Godolphin, 1st Earl of GodolphinSir Sidney Godolphin, 1st Earl of Godolphin, KG, PC was a leading English politician of the late 17th and early 18th centuries...
, politician (died 17121712 in Great BritainEvents from the year 1712 in Great Britain.-Events:* 1 January - War of the Spanish Succession: Peace congress opens at Utrecht.* 17 January - Robert Walpole imprisoned in the Tower of London following charges of corruption....
) - Anthony Grey, 11th Earl of KentAnthony Grey, 11th Earl of KentAnthony Grey was Earl of Kent from 1651 to his death.He was the only son of Henry Grey, 10th Earl of Kent and his second wife Amabel Benn. His sister Elizabeth Grey married Banastre Maynard, 3rd Baron Maynard...
(died 17021702 in EnglandEvents from the year 1702 in the Kingdom of England.-Events:* 8 March - William III dies; Princess Anne Stuart becomes Queen Anne of England....
) - John MillJohn MillJohn Mill was an English theologian. He is noted for his critical edition of the Greek New Testament which included notes on many variant readings.-Biography:...
, theologian (died 17071707 in Great BritainEvents from the year 1707 in Great Britain, created in this year as a result of the 1706 Treaty of Union and its ratification by the 1707 Acts of Union.-Events:...
) - Josias PriestJosias PriestJosias Priest was an English dancer, dancing-master and choreographer.- History :In 1669, he was arrested along with four others for dancing and making music without a license. In 1668, he was a dancing-master in Holborn, and in 1675 he moved to Leicester Fields to run a boarding school for...
, dancer (died 17351735 in Great BritainEvents from the year 1735 in Great Britain.-Incumbents:*Monarch - King George II*Prime Minister - Robert Walpole, Whig-Events:* 8 January - Premiere of George Frideric Handel's opera Ariodante at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden....
) - John ReadingJohn Reading (composer and organist)John Reading was an English composer and organist, and father of John Reading who is remembered as an important music copyist....
, composer and organist (died 16921692 in EnglandEvents from the year 1692 in the Kingdom of England.-Events:* 19 February - Princess Anne leaves the court after quarrelling with her sister, Queen Mary....
) - George WalkerGeorge Walker (soldier)Sir George Walker was an Irish soldier and Anglican priest, known as the Defender of Derry. He was joint Governor of Derry during the Siege in 1689. He was killed at the Battle of the Boyne while going to the aid of the wounded Duke of Schomberg.- Family :George Walker was born in about 1618 in...
, soldier (died 16901690 in EnglandEvents from the year 1690 in the Kingdom of England.-Events:* 7 January - The first recorded full peal is rung, at St Sepulchre-without-Newgate in the City of London, marking a new era in change ringing....
) - William WindeWilliam WindeCaptain William Winde was an English gentleman architect, whose Royalist military career, resulting in fortifications and topographical surveys but lack of preferment, and his later career, following the Glorious Revolution, as designer or simply "conductor" of the works of country houses, has...
, architect (died 17221722 in Great BritainEvents from the year 1722 in Great Britain.-Incumbents:*Monarch - George I of Great Britain*Prime Minister - Robert Walpole, Whig-Events:...
)
Deaths
- 2 January - Edward Barrett, 1st Lord Barrett of NewburghEdward Barrett, 1st Lord Barrett of NewburghEdward Barrett, 1st Lord Barrett of Newburgh, PC was an English politician.Barrett was the son of Charles Barrett of Belhouse, Essex and his wife Christian Mildmay . He matriculated at Queen's College, Oxford on 17 March 1597 and entered Lincoln's Inn in 1600...
, politician (born 1581) - 3 January - John HothamJohn HothamSir John Hotham, 1st Baronet, of Scorborough , English parliamentarian, belonged to a Yorkshire family, and fought on the continent of Europe during the early part of the Thirty Years' War....
, parliamentarian (year of birth unknown) - 10 January - William LaudWilliam LaudWilliam Laud was Archbishop of Canterbury from 1633 to 1645. One of the High Church Caroline divines, he opposed radical forms of Puritanism...
, Archbishop of CanterburyArchbishop of CanterburyThe Archbishop of Canterbury is the senior bishop and principal leader of the Church of England, the symbolic head of the worldwide Anglican Communion, and the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of Canterbury. In his role as head of the Anglican Communion, the archbishop leads the third largest group...
(born 1573) - 23 January - Mary WardMary Ward (nun)The Venerable Mary Ward, I.B.V.M., was an English Catholic Religious Sister who founded the Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary, also known as the Loreto Sisters...
, nun (born 1585) - 1 February - Henry MorseHenry MorseSaint Henry Morse was one of the Catholic Forty Martyrs of England and Wales.-Biography:Born a Protestant in 1595 at Brome, Suffolk, England, Morse converted to Roman Catholicism at Douai, 5 June, 1614, after various journeys was ordained at Rome, and left for the mission, 19 June, 1624...
, Catholic priest (born 1549) - 18 February - Richard BakerRichard Baker (chronicler)Sir Richard Baker was the English author of the Chronicle of the Kings of England and other works.-Life:He was probably born at Sissinghurst in Kent, the grandson of Sir John Baker, the first Chancellor of the Exchequer. He entered Hart Hall, Oxford, as a commoner in 1584...
, historian (born 1568) - 16 April - Tobias HumeTobias HumeTobias Hume was a Scottish composer, viol player and soldier.Little is known of his life. Some have suggested that he was born in 1569 because he was admitted to the London Charterhouse in 1629, a pre-requisite to which was being at least 60 years old, though there is no certainty over this...
, composer (born c. 1569) - 17 April - Daniel FeatleyDaniel FeatleyDaniel Featley, also called Fairclough and sometimes called Richard Fairclough/Featley , was an English theologian and controversialist...
, theologian (born 1578) - 17 July - Robert Carr, 1st Earl of SomersetRobert Carr, 1st Earl of SomersetRobert Carr, 1st Earl of Somerset, , was a politician, and favourite of King James I of England.-Background:Robert Kerr was born in Wrington, Somerset, England the younger son of Sir Thomas Kerr of Ferniehurst, Scotland by his second wife, Janet, sister of Walter Scott of Buccleuch...
, politician (born c. 1587) - 6 August - Lionel Cranfield, 1st Earl of MiddlesexLionel Cranfield, 1st Earl of MiddlesexLionel Cranfield, 1st Earl of Middlesex was a successful merchant in London, England.-Life:He was the second son of Thomas Cranfield, a mercer at London, and his wife Martha Randill, the daughter and heiress of Vincent Randill of Sutton-at-Hone, Kent. He was apprenticed in to Richard Sheppard, a...
, merchant (born 1575) - 16 August - Tobias HumeTobias HumeTobias Hume was a Scottish composer, viol player and soldier.Little is known of his life. Some have suggested that he was born in 1569 because he was admitted to the London Charterhouse in 1629, a pre-requisite to which was being at least 60 years old, though there is no certainty over this...
, composer (born c.1559) - 14 September - Sir Richard Grosvenor, 1st BaronetSir Richard Grosvenor, 1st BaronetSir Richard Grosvenor, 1st Baronet was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1621 and 1629. He is an ancestor of the modern day Dukes of Westminster....
, Member of Parliament (born 1585) - 24 September - William LawesWilliam LawesWilliam Lawes was an English composer and musician.-Life and career:Lawes was born in Salisbury, Wiltshire and was baptised on 1 May 1602...
, composer and musician (born 1602) - 27 October - Philip StanhopePhilip Stanhope (Cavalier)Philip Stanhope was Colonel of the Shelford Manor Royalist forces in the English Civil War. He was the 10th son of Philip Stanhope, 1st Earl of Chesterfield and his wife Catherine, daughter of Francis Hastings, Baron Hastings....
, Royalist colonel (year of birth unknown) - 22 November - John PhilipotJohn PhilipotJohn Philipot was an officer of arms at the College of Arms in London. Though he successfully attained the position on Somerset Herald of Arms in Ordinary, he is best known for his production of a roll of arms of the Lord Wardens of the Cinque Ports.Philipot was born at Folkestone in 1588 and was...
, officer of arms (born 1588)
Unknown dates
- William Browne, poet (born c. 1590)
- Henry GageHenry Gage (soldier)Sir Henry Gage was an English Royalist officer.-Life:He was born at Haling, in Surrey, the son of John Gage and Margaret Copley...
, soldier (born 1597) - John Hotham the youngerJohn Hotham the youngerSir John Hotham the younger was the eldest son of John Hotham and an English Member of Parliament during the civil war....
, Member of Parliament (born 1610) - Emilia LanierEmilia LanierEmilia Lanier, also spelled Lanyer, was the first Englishwoman to assert herself as a professional poet through her single volume of poems, Salve Deus Rex Judaeorum...
, poet (born 1569) - Edward Littleton, 1st Baron Lyttleton of MounslowEdward Littleton, 1st Baron Lyttleton of MounslowEdward, Baron Littleton , from Munslow in Shropshire, was a Chief Justice of North Wales. He was descended from the judge and legal scholar, Thomas de Littleton. His father, also Edward, had been Chief Justice of North Wales before him.-Education and career:He was educated at Oxford before...
, judge (born 1589) - Thomas NabbesThomas NabbesThomas Nabbes was an English dramatist.He was born in humble circumstances in Worcestershire, and educated at Exeter College, Oxford in 1621...
, dramatist (born 1605) - William SmithWilliam Smith (composer)William Smith was an English composer from the city of Durham. He is chiefly known for his set of choral responses for the Anglican liturgy of Evening Prayer....
, composer (born 1603) - William StrodeWilliam StrodeWilliam Strode was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons of England variously between 1624 and 1645. He was one of the five members impeached by King Charles and fought on the Parliamentarian side in the English Civil War.-Life:...
, parliamentarian (born 1598)