.pl
Encyclopedia
.pl is the Internet
country code top-level domain
(ccTLD) for Poland
, administered by NASK
, Polish research and development organization. It is one of the founding members of CENTR
.
embargo on technological collaboration with post-communist
countries. The first subdomain
in .pl was .pwr.pl, belonging to the Wrocław University of Technology.
In 2003, the internationalized domain name
s were introduced. Registration of domains containing characters from Latin
, Greek
, Cyrillic
, Arabic
, and Hebrew
script is allowed.
NASK is Sector Member http://www.itu.int/cgi-bin/htsh/mm/scripts/mm.detail?o&_languageid=1&_organisationid=43469 of ITU-T
since 2004 and plays active role http://www.bartosiewicz.pl/IDN.htm in Study Group 17 working on Internationalized Domain Names (IDN). Andrzej Bartosiewicz, Head of DNS Division at NASK, acts as Rapporteur http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/studygroups/com17/rapporteurs.html for Question 16 dedicated to IDN.
Many registrants prefer to create their own second-level domain
s, directly under .pl — , over 930,000 of such domains are registered.http://www.dns.pl/english/zonestats.html
Internet
The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet protocol suite to serve billions of users worldwide...
country code top-level domain
Country code top-level domain
A country code top-level domain is an Internet top-level domain generally used or reserved for a country, a sovereign state, or a dependent territory....
(ccTLD) for Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
, administered by NASK
Naukowa i Akademicka Siec Komputerowa
Naukowa i Akademicka Sieć Komputerowa or NASK is a Polish research and development organization and data networks operator. It is also the national registry of the .pl domain....
, Polish research and development organization. It is one of the founding members of CENTR
Council of European National Top Level Domain Registries
The Council of European National Top-Level Domain Registries is an association of Internet country code top-level domain registries...
.
History
The .pl domain was created in 1990, following the mitigation of COCOMCoCom
CoCom is an acronym for Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls. CoCom was established by Western bloc powers in the first five years after the end of World War II, during the Cold War, to put an arms embargo on COMECON countries.CoCom ceased to function on March 31, 1994, and the...
embargo on technological collaboration with post-communist
Eastern bloc
The term Eastern Bloc or Communist Bloc refers to the former communist states of Eastern and Central Europe, generally the Soviet Union and the countries of the Warsaw Pact...
countries. The first subdomain
Subdomain
In the Domain Name System hierarchy, a subdomain is a domain that is part of a larger domain.- Overview :The Domain Name System has a tree structure or hierarchy, with each node on the tree being a domain name. A subdomain is a domain that is part of a larger domain, the only domain that is not...
in .pl was .pwr.pl, belonging to the Wrocław University of Technology.
In 2003, the internationalized domain name
Internationalized domain name
An internationalized domain name is an Internet domain name that contains at least one label that is displayed in software applications, in whole or in part, in a language-specific script or alphabet, such as Arabic, Chinese, Russian, Hindi or the Latin alphabet-based characters with diacritics,...
s were introduced. Registration of domains containing characters from Latin
Latin alphabet
The Latin alphabet, also called the Roman alphabet, is the most recognized alphabet used in the world today. It evolved from a western variety of the Greek alphabet called the Cumaean alphabet, which was adopted and modified by the Etruscans who ruled early Rome...
, Greek
Greek alphabet
The Greek alphabet is the script that has been used to write the Greek language since at least 730 BC . The alphabet in its classical and modern form consists of 24 letters ordered in sequence from alpha to omega...
, Cyrillic
Cyrillic alphabet
The Cyrillic script or azbuka is an alphabetic writing system developed in the First Bulgarian Empire during the 10th century AD at the Preslav Literary School...
, Arabic
Arabic alphabet
The Arabic alphabet or Arabic abjad is the Arabic script as it is codified for writing the Arabic language. It is written from right to left, in a cursive style, and includes 28 letters. Because letters usually stand for consonants, it is classified as an abjad.-Consonants:The Arabic alphabet has...
, and Hebrew
Hebrew alphabet
The Hebrew alphabet , known variously by scholars as the Jewish script, square script, block script, or more historically, the Assyrian script, is used in the writing of the Hebrew language, as well as other Jewish languages, most notably Yiddish, Ladino, and Judeo-Arabic. There have been two...
script is allowed.
NASK is Sector Member http://www.itu.int/cgi-bin/htsh/mm/scripts/mm.detail?o&_languageid=1&_organisationid=43469 of ITU-T
ITU-T
The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector is one of the three sectors of the International Telecommunication Union ; it coordinates standards for telecommunications....
since 2004 and plays active role http://www.bartosiewicz.pl/IDN.htm in Study Group 17 working on Internationalized Domain Names (IDN). Andrzej Bartosiewicz, Head of DNS Division at NASK, acts as Rapporteur http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/studygroups/com17/rapporteurs.html for Question 16 dedicated to IDN.
Functional domains
- .com.pl, .biz.pl – commercial entitiesEconomy of PolandThe Economy of Poland is a high income economy and is the sixth largest in the EU and one of the fastest growing economies in Europe, with a yearly growth rate of over 3.0% before the late-2000s recession. It is the only member country of the European Union to have avoided a decline in GDP, meaning...
- .sklep.pl, .shop.pl – retail shops
- .agro.pl - commercial entities related to agriculture
- .travel.pl, .tourism.pl – travel agents
- .nieruchomosci.pl, .realestate.pl – real estateReal estateIn general use, esp. North American, 'real estate' is taken to mean "Property consisting of land and the buildings on it, along with its natural resources such as crops, minerals, or water; immovable property of this nature; an interest vested in this; an item of real property; buildings or...
agents
- .net.pl – network infrastructure
- .art.pl – artCulture of PolandThe culture of Poland is closely connected with its intricate 1000 year history Its unique character developed as a result of its geography at the confluence of various European regions...
- .edu.pl – educationEducation in PolandSince changes made in 2009 Education in Poland starts at the age of five or six for the 0 class and six or seven years in the 1st class of primary school . It is compulsory that children do one year of formal education before entering 1st class at no later than 7 years of age...
- .org.pl, .ngo.pl – NGOsNon-governmental organizationA non-governmental organization is a legally constituted organization created by natural or legal persons that operates independently from any government. The term originated from the United Nations , and is normally used to refer to organizations that do not form part of the government and are...
and not-for-profit organizations - .gov.pl – governmentPolitics of PolandThe politics of Poland take place in the framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister is the head of government of a multi-party system and the President is the head of state....
- .info.pl – (general) information
- .mil.pl – militaryPolish Armed ForcesSiły Zbrojne Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej are the national defense forces of Poland...
Regional domains
(There are more than 100 regional SLDs in Poland.)- .bialystok.pl – Białystok (city)
- .bydgoszcz.pl – Bydgoszcz (city)
- .czest.pl – CzęstochowaCzestochowaCzęstochowa is a city in south Poland on the Warta River with 240,027 inhabitants . It has been situated in the Silesian Voivodeship since 1999, and was previously the capital of Częstochowa Voivodeship...
(city) - .elk.pl – Ełk (city)
- .gda.pl, .gdansk.pl – GdańskGdanskGdańsk is a Polish city on the Baltic coast, at the centre of the country's fourth-largest metropolitan area.The city lies on the southern edge of Gdańsk Bay , in a conurbation with the city of Gdynia, spa town of Sopot, and suburban communities, which together form a metropolitan area called the...
(city) - .gorzow.pl – Gorzów WielkopolskiGorzów WielkopolskiGorzów Wielkopolski is a city in western Poland, on the Warta river. It is the biggest city in the Lubusz Voivodeship with 125,149 inhabitants...
(city) - .kalisz.pl – KaliszKaliszKalisz is a city in central Poland with 106,857 inhabitants , the capital city of the Kalisz Region. Situated on the Prosna river in the southeastern part of the Greater Poland Voivodeship, the city forms a conurbation with the nearby towns of Ostrów Wielkopolski and Nowe Skalmierzyce...
(city) - .katowice.pl – KatowiceKatowiceKatowice is a city in Silesia in southern Poland, on the Kłodnica and Rawa rivers . Katowice is located in the Silesian Highlands, about north of the Silesian Beskids and about southeast of the Sudetes Mountains.It is the central district of the Upper Silesian Metropolis, with a population of 2...
(city) - .konin.pl – KoninKoninKonin is a city in central Poland.Konin may also refer to:*Emperor Kōnin , emperor of Japan who reigned 770–781**Kōnin , a Japanese era name for the years 810–824...
(city) - .krakow.pl – KrakówKrakówKraków also Krakow, or Cracow , is the second largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in the Lesser Poland region, the city dates back to the 7th century. Kraków has traditionally been one of the leading centres of Polish academic, cultural, and artistic life...
(city) - .lodz.pl – Łódź (city)
- .lublin.pl – LublinLublinLublin is the ninth largest city in Poland. It is the capital of Lublin Voivodeship with a population of 350,392 . Lublin is also the largest Polish city east of the Vistula river...
(city) - .malopolska.pl – MałopolskaLesser PolandLesser Poland is one of the historical regions of Poland, with its capital in the city of Kraków. It forms the southeastern corner of the country, and should not be confused with the modern Lesser Poland Voivodeship, which covers only a small, southern part of Lesser Poland...
(region) - .olsztyn.pl – OlsztynOlsztynOlsztyn is a city in northeastern Poland, on the Łyna River. Olsztyn has been the capital of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship since 1999. It was previously in the Olsztyn Voivodeship...
(city) - .opole.pl – OpoleOpoleOpole is a city in southern Poland on the Oder River . It has a population of 125,992 and is the capital of the Upper Silesia, Opole Voivodeship and, also the seat of Opole County...
(city) - .pila.pl – Piła (city)
- .poznan.pl – PoznańPoznanPoznań is a city on the Warta river in west-central Poland, with a population of 556,022 in June 2009. It is among the oldest cities in Poland, and was one of the most important centres in the early Polish state, whose first rulers were buried at Poznań's cathedral. It is sometimes claimed to be...
(city) - .radom.pl – RadomRadomRadom is a city in central Poland with 223,397 inhabitants . It is located on the Mleczna River in the Masovian Voivodeship , having previously been the capital of Radom Voivodeship ; 100 km south of Poland's capital, Warsaw.It is home to the biennial Radom Air Show, the largest and...
(city) - .rzeszow.pl – RzeszówRzeszówRzeszów is a city in southeastern Poland with a population of 179,455 in 2010. It is located on both sides of the Wisłok River, in the heartland of the Sandomierska Valley...
(city) - .slupsk.pl – Słupsk (city)
- .szczecin.pl – SzczecinSzczecinSzczecin , is the capital city of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship in Poland. It is the country's seventh-largest city and the largest seaport in Poland on the Baltic Sea. As of June 2009 the population was 406,427....
(city) - .slask.pl – ŚląskSilesiaSilesia is a historical region of Central Europe located mostly in Poland, with smaller parts also in the Czech Republic, and Germany.Silesia is rich in mineral and natural resources, and includes several important industrial areas. Silesia's largest city and historical capital is Wrocław...
(region) - .tychy.pl – TychyTychyTychy is a city in Silesia, Poland, approximately south of Katowice. Situated on the southern edge of the Upper Silesian industrial district, the city borders Katowice to the north, Mikołów to the west, Bieruń to the east and Kobiór to the south...
(city) - .torun.pl – ToruńTorunToruń is an ancient city in northern Poland, on the Vistula River. Its population is more than 205,934 as of June 2009. Toruń is one of the oldest cities in Poland. The medieval old town of Toruń is the birthplace of the astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus....
(city) - .wroc.pl, .wroclaw.pl – Wrocław (city)
- .waw.pl, .warszawa.pl – WarsawWarsawWarsaw is the capital and largest city of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River, roughly from the Baltic Sea and from the Carpathian Mountains. Its population in 2010 was estimated at 1,716,855 residents with a greater metropolitan area of 2,631,902 residents, making Warsaw the 10th most...
(city) - .zgora.pl – Zielona GóraZielona GóraZielona Góra is a city in Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland, with 117,557 inhabitants within the city limits and 294,000 inhabitants within the metropolitan area, including three neighbouring counties ....
(city)
Many registrants prefer to create their own second-level domain
Second-level domain
In the Domain Name System hierarchy, a second-level domain is a domain that is directly below a top-level domain . For example, in example.com, example is the second-level domain of the .com TLD....
s, directly under .pl — , over 930,000 of such domains are registered.http://www.dns.pl/english/zonestats.html