Zǒngdū, usually translated as Viceroy

Viceroy

A viceroy is a royal official who runs a country, colony, or province in the name of and as representative of the monarch. The term derives from the Latin prefix vice-, meaning "in the place of" and the French word roi, meaning king. A viceroy's province or larger territory is called a viceroyalty...

or Governor-General

Governor-General

A Governor-General, is a vice-regal person of a monarch in an independent realm or a major colonial circonscription. Depending on the political arrangement of the territory, a Governor General can be a governor of high rank, or a principal governor ranking above "ordinary" governors.- Current uses...

, governed one or more provinces of Qing-dynasty China

China

Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...

. One of the most important was the Viceroy of Zhili

Viceroy of Zhili

The Viceroy of Zhili , fully referred to as the Governor General of Zhili and surrounding areas; Overseeing Military Affairs, Food Production; Manager of Waterways; Director of Civil Affairs , was one of eight regional viceroys in China proper during the Qing Dynasty of China...

, since it emcompassed the imperial capital. Yuan Shikai

Yuan Shikai

Yuan Shikai was an important Chinese general and politician famous for his influence during the late Qing Dynasty, his role in the events leading up to the abdication of the last Qing Emperor of China, his autocratic rule as the second President of the Republic of China , and his short-lived...

, later president of the Republic of China

Republic of China

The Republic of China , commonly known as Taiwan , is a unitary sovereign state located in East Asia. Originally based in mainland China, the Republic of China currently governs the island of Taiwan , which forms over 99% of its current territory, as well as Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu and other minor...

, held this office. It was also used by Japan during her colonization of Korea and Taiwan. The Chinese term first came into use during the Ming Dynasty

Ming Dynasty

The Ming Dynasty, also Empire of the Great Ming, was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty. The Ming, "one of the greatest eras of orderly government and social stability in human history", was the last dynasty in China ruled by ethnic...

.

The lists of regional viceroys in Qing dynasty were:

• Viceroy of Zhili
  Viceroy of Zhili
  The Viceroy of Zhili , fully referred to as the Governor General of Zhili and surrounding areas; Overseeing Military Affairs, Food Production; Manager of Waterways; Director of Civil Affairs , was one of eight regional viceroys in China proper during the Qing Dynasty of China...
  
  
• Viceroy of Liangjiang
  Viceroy of Liangjiang
  The Viceroy of Liangjiang , fully referred to as the Governor General of the two Yangtze Provinces and surrounding areas; Overseeing Military Affairs, Food Production; Manager of Waterways; Director of Civil Affairs , was one of eight regional viceroys in China proper during the Qing Dynasty of China...
  
  : Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Anhui
• Viceroy of Min-Zhe
  Viceroy of Min-Zhe
  The Viceroy of MinZhe , fully referred to as the Governor General of the Fujian, Taiwan, Zhejiang Provinces and surrounding areas; Overseeing Military Affairs, Food Production; Manager of Waterways; Director of Civil Affairs , was one of eight viceroys of the Qing Dynasty in China...
  
  : Fujian, Zhejiang, Taiwan
• Viceroy of Huguang
  Viceroy of Huguang
  The Viceroy of Huguang , fully referred to as the Governor General of the Hubei and Hunan Provinces and surrounding areas; Overseeing Military Affairs, Food Production; Director of Civil Affairs , was one of eight viceroys in China proper during the Qing Dynasty of China. The Viceroy had...
  
  : Hunan, Hubei
• Viceroy of Shaan-Gan: Shaanxi, Gansu, Xinjiang
• Viceroy of Liangguang
  Viceroy of Liangguang
  The Viceroy of Liangguang , fully referred to as the Governor General of Liangguang and surrounding areas; Overseeing Military Affairs, Food Production; Manager of Waterways; Director of Civil Affairs , was one of eight viceroys in China proper during the Qing Dynasty of China...
  
  : Guangdong, Guangxi
• Viceroy of Yun-Gui
  Viceroy of Yun-Gui
  The Viceroy of Yun-Gui , fully referred to as the Governor General of the Yunan and Guizhou Provinces and surrounding areas; Overseeing Military Affairs, Food Production; Director of Civil Affairs , was one of eight viceroys in China proper during the Qing Dynasty of China. The Viceroy had...
  
  : Yunnan, Guizhou
• Viceroy of Sichuan
  Viceroy of Sichuan
  The Viceroy of Sichuan , fully referred to as the Governor General of the Sichuan Province and surrounding areas; Overseeing Military Affairs, Food Production; Director of Civil Affairs , was one of eight viceroys in China proper during the Qing Dynasty of China. The Viceroy had jurisdiction over...
  
  
• Viceroy of Three Northeast Provinces
  Viceroy of Three Northeast Provinces
  The Viceroy of Three Northeast Provinces , fully referred to as the Governor General of Three Northeast Provinces and surrounding areas; Overseeing Military Generals of the Three Provinces; Director of Civil Affairs of Fengtian , was the one of nine regional viceroys of the Qing Dynasty in China...
  
  : Fengtian, Jilin, Heilongjiang

Certain provinces were not governed by any regional viceroys. These include the provinces of Shanxi, Shangdong and Henan.

Besides the regional viceroys, there were also special types of viceroys, such as Viceroy of Southern Rivers and Viceroy of Eastern Rivers, who were in charge of waterways.