Yuri Osipyan
Encyclopedia
Yuri Andreevich Osipyan was a Soviet
, Russia
n physicist
who worked in the field of solid state physics.
Osipyan was born in Moscow and graduated from Georgy Kurdyumov's class at Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys
in 1955. His first scientific work puLater, he summarized his interest in science: In late 1950s and 1960s Osipyan worked on the extended effects of interaction of electron
s with solid matter and discovered the effect of optical excitation of plastic properties
in semiconductor
s. Also in 1960s Osipyan released his theory of dislocation
s in semiconductor crystal structure
.
In 1962 Osipyan became a cofounder and director of the Institute of Solid State Physics
in Chernogolovka
and remained at the head of the Institute until his death. Osipyan was elected full member of Russian Academy of Sciences
at the age of 37, and vice-president of the Academy in 1988—2001. He chaired the Departments of Solid State physics at Moscow State University
and Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.
In 1980s Osipyan and his Institute conducted microgravity experiments on board of Mir
station. In 2000s Osipyan engaged in the studies of fulleren
s.
Throughout his lifetime Osipyan chaired numerous academic commissions, conferences and journal boards; in 2005 he was awarded Lomonosov Gold Medal
of the Russian Academy. In a 2006 interview, Osipyan summarized his creed in science: "All my life I was mining for experimental data
. I am an experimenter, although I was trained in theory. In the Soviet age, creative and (most important) independent work was possible only in science. May I say that my choice was based on a will for freedom and independence."
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
, Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
n physicist
Physics
Physics is a natural science that involves the study of matter and its motion through spacetime, along with related concepts such as energy and force. More broadly, it is the general analysis of nature, conducted in order to understand how the universe behaves.Physics is one of the oldest academic...
who worked in the field of solid state physics.
Osipyan was born in Moscow and graduated from Georgy Kurdyumov's class at Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys
Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys
National University of Science and Technology "MISIS" is Russia's primary technological university in the field of steelmaking and metallurgy. It was established in 1918 as a part of the Moscow Mining Academy. In 1930, it became independent...
in 1955. His first scientific work puLater, he summarized his interest in science: In late 1950s and 1960s Osipyan worked on the extended effects of interaction of electron
Electron
The electron is a subatomic particle with a negative elementary electric charge. It has no known components or substructure; in other words, it is generally thought to be an elementary particle. An electron has a mass that is approximately 1/1836 that of the proton...
s with solid matter and discovered the effect of optical excitation of plastic properties
Plasticity
Plasticity may refer to:Science* Plasticity , in physics and engineering, plasticity is the propensity of a material to undergo permanent deformation under load...
in semiconductor
Semiconductor
A semiconductor is a material with electrical conductivity due to electron flow intermediate in magnitude between that of a conductor and an insulator. This means a conductivity roughly in the range of 103 to 10−8 siemens per centimeter...
s. Also in 1960s Osipyan released his theory of dislocation
Dislocation
In materials science, a dislocation is a crystallographic defect, or irregularity, within a crystal structure. The presence of dislocations strongly influences many of the properties of materials...
s in semiconductor crystal structure
Crystal structure
In mineralogy and crystallography, crystal structure is a unique arrangement of atoms or molecules in a crystalline liquid or solid. A crystal structure is composed of a pattern, a set of atoms arranged in a particular way, and a lattice exhibiting long-range order and symmetry...
.
In 1962 Osipyan became a cofounder and director of the Institute of Solid State Physics
Institute of Solid State Physics
Institute of Solid State Physics is one of the physical institutes at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. Created by Decree No 362 in October 16, 1972 by the Ministry Council of Bulgaria it is successor of the Institute of Physics with Atomic Scientific Experimental Center at the Bulgarian Academy...
in Chernogolovka
Chernogolovka
Chernogolovka is a town in Moscow Oblast, Russia, located northeast from Moscow border. Population: Chernogolovka does not have a rail link but long distance buses link the town to Moscow, Noginsk and Fryanovo.-Research facilities:...
and remained at the head of the Institute until his death. Osipyan was elected full member of Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Academy of Sciences
The Russian Academy of Sciences consists of the national academy of Russia and a network of scientific research institutes from across the Russian Federation as well as auxiliary scientific and social units like libraries, publishers and hospitals....
at the age of 37, and vice-president of the Academy in 1988—2001. He chaired the Departments of Solid State physics at Moscow State University
Moscow State University
Lomonosov Moscow State University , previously known as Lomonosov University or MSU , is the largest university in Russia. Founded in 1755, it also claims to be one of the oldest university in Russia and to have the tallest educational building in the world. Its current rector is Viktor Sadovnichiy...
and Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.
In 1980s Osipyan and his Institute conducted microgravity experiments on board of Mir
Mir
Mir was a space station operated in low Earth orbit from 1986 to 2001, at first by the Soviet Union and then by Russia. Assembled in orbit from 1986 to 1996, Mir was the first modular space station and had a greater mass than that of any previous spacecraft, holding the record for the...
station. In 2000s Osipyan engaged in the studies of fulleren
Fulleren
Fulleren is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.-References:*...
s.
Throughout his lifetime Osipyan chaired numerous academic commissions, conferences and journal boards; in 2005 he was awarded Lomonosov Gold Medal
Lomonosov Gold Medal
The Lomonosov Gold Medal, named after Russian scientist and polymath Mikhail Lomonosov, is awarded each year since 1959 for outstanding achievements in the natural sciences and the humanities by the USSR Academy of Sciences and later the Russian Academy of Sciences . Two medals are awarded...
of the Russian Academy. In a 2006 interview, Osipyan summarized his creed in science: "All my life I was mining for experimental data
Experimental data
Experimental data in science is data produced by a measurement, test method, experimental design or quasi-experimental design. In clinical research any data produced as a result of clinical trial...
. I am an experimenter, although I was trained in theory. In the Soviet age, creative and (most important) independent work was possible only in science. May I say that my choice was based on a will for freedom and independence."