Yinti, Prince Xun
Encyclopedia
Yinti born Yinzhen of the Aisin Gioro
clan, was the 14th son of the Kangxi Emperor
of the Qing Dynasty
. He was born to Empress Xiaogongren and was a full younger brother of the Yongzheng Emperor
. As his original name was similar to Yongzheng's personal name, Yinzhen (胤禛), it was changed to Yinti. When the Yongzheng Emperor ascended to the throne, Yinti's name was changed to Yunti to avoid naming taboo
, because the Chinese character for "Yin" in "Yinti" was similar to the "Yin" in Yongzheng's personal name "Yinzhen". His names Yinzhen and Yinti were used interchangeably during his life, with family records containing references to both names.
In 1718 after the defeat of a Qing army along the Salween River
in Tibet
by the Dzungar
general Tsering Dondub, Yinti was appointed by the Kangxi Emperor as "Great General Who Pacifies the Frontier" (撫遠大將軍) to lead an army of 300,000 into Tibet and defeat the Dzungars. Many believe that this was a sign that Kangxi took into consideration making Yinti an heir to his throne. In February 1720, generals Galbi
and Yanxin, under Yinti's command, set out from Xining
to take Lhasa
while Yinti himself remained in Xining to build up support with their Khotshot Mongol allies and then escort the Dalai Lama
to Lhasa. On 24 September 1720 Yinti's army captured Lhasa and returned the Dalai Lama back to the Potala Palace
.
Yinti was planning a conquest of Dzungaria
when on 21 December 1722 he was informed of his father's death and was summoned immediately back to the capital. Yinti's older brother Yinzhen had succeeded to the throne as the Yongzheng Emperor. Yongzheng saw Yinti as a potential threat and placed him under house arrest. Yinti was released after Yongzheng Emperor's death in (1735).
Throughout his life Yinti was known by his title Prince Xun of the Second Order (恂郡王). After his death he was posthumously granted an additional Chinese character, qin (勤), in his title, which became Prince Qin of Xun of the Second Order (恂勤郡王).
Aisin Gioro
Aisin Gioro was the family name of the Manchu emperors of the Qing Dynasty. The House of Aisin Gioro ruled China until the Xinhai Revolution of 1911, which established a republican government in its place. The word aisin means gold in the Manchu language, and "gioro" is the name of the place in...
clan, was the 14th son of the Kangxi Emperor
Kangxi Emperor
The Kangxi Emperor ; Manchu: elhe taifin hūwangdi ; Mongolian: Энх-Амгалан хаан, 4 May 1654 –20 December 1722) was the fourth emperor of the Qing Dynasty, the first to be born on Chinese soil south of the Pass and the second Qing emperor to rule over China proper, from 1661 to 1722.Kangxi's...
of the Qing Dynasty
Qing Dynasty
The Qing Dynasty was the last dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 with a brief, abortive restoration in 1917. It was preceded by the Ming Dynasty and followed by the Republic of China....
. He was born to Empress Xiaogongren and was a full younger brother of the Yongzheng Emperor
Yongzheng Emperor
The Yongzheng Emperor , born Yinzhen , was the fifth emperor of the Manchu Qing Dynasty and the third Qing emperor from 1722 to 1735. A hard-working ruler, Yongzheng's main goal was to create an effective government at minimal expense. Like his father, the Kangxi Emperor, Yongzheng used military...
. As his original name was similar to Yongzheng's personal name, Yinzhen (胤禛), it was changed to Yinti. When the Yongzheng Emperor ascended to the throne, Yinti's name was changed to Yunti to avoid naming taboo
Naming taboo
Naming taboo is a cultural taboo against speaking or writing the given names of exalted persons in China and neighboring nations in the ancient Chinese cultural sphere.-Kinds of naming taboo:...
, because the Chinese character for "Yin" in "Yinti" was similar to the "Yin" in Yongzheng's personal name "Yinzhen". His names Yinzhen and Yinti were used interchangeably during his life, with family records containing references to both names.
In 1718 after the defeat of a Qing army along the Salween River
Salween River
The Salween is a river, about long, that flows from the Tibetan Plateau into the Andaman Sea in Southeast Asia. It drains a narrow and mountainous watershed of that extends into the countries China, Burma and Thailand. Steep canyon walls line the swift, powerful and undammed Salween, one of the...
in Tibet
Tibet
Tibet is a plateau region in Asia, north-east of the Himalayas. It is the traditional homeland of the Tibetan people as well as some other ethnic groups such as Monpas, Qiang, and Lhobas, and is now also inhabited by considerable numbers of Han and Hui people...
by the Dzungar
Dzungar people
The Dzungar or Zunghar is the collective identity of several Oirat tribes that formed and maintained the Zunghar Khanate in the 17th to 18th century...
general Tsering Dondub, Yinti was appointed by the Kangxi Emperor as "Great General Who Pacifies the Frontier" (撫遠大將軍) to lead an army of 300,000 into Tibet and defeat the Dzungars. Many believe that this was a sign that Kangxi took into consideration making Yinti an heir to his throne. In February 1720, generals Galbi
Galbi
Galbi or kalbi generally refers to a variety of gui or grilled dishes in Korean cuisine that is made with marinated beef short ribs in a ganjang-based sauce . In the Korean language, galbi literally means "rib" and can often indicate uncooked ribs...
and Yanxin, under Yinti's command, set out from Xining
Xining
Xining is the capital of Qinghai province, People's Republic of China, and the largest city on the Tibetan Plateau. It has 2,208,708 inhabitants at the 2010 census whom 1,198,304 live in the built up area made of 4 urban districts.-History:...
to take Lhasa
Lhasa
Lhasa is the administrative capital of the Tibet Autonomous Region in the People's Republic of China and the second most populous city on the Tibetan Plateau, after Xining. At an altitude of , Lhasa is one of the highest cities in the world...
while Yinti himself remained in Xining to build up support with their Khotshot Mongol allies and then escort the Dalai Lama
Dalai Lama
The Dalai Lama is a high lama in the Gelug or "Yellow Hat" branch of Tibetan Buddhism. The name is a combination of the Mongolian word далай meaning "Ocean" and the Tibetan word bla-ma meaning "teacher"...
to Lhasa. On 24 September 1720 Yinti's army captured Lhasa and returned the Dalai Lama back to the Potala Palace
Potala Palace
The Potala Palace is located in Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China. It was named after Mount Potala, the abode of Chenresig or Avalokitesvara...
.
Yinti was planning a conquest of Dzungaria
Dzungaria
Dzungaria, also called Zungaria, is a geographical region in northwest China corresponding to the northern half of Xinjiang. It covers approximately , lying mostly within Xinjiang, and extending into western Mongolia and eastern Kazakhstan...
when on 21 December 1722 he was informed of his father's death and was summoned immediately back to the capital. Yinti's older brother Yinzhen had succeeded to the throne as the Yongzheng Emperor. Yongzheng saw Yinti as a potential threat and placed him under house arrest. Yinti was released after Yongzheng Emperor's death in (1735).
Throughout his life Yinti was known by his title Prince Xun of the Second Order (恂郡王). After his death he was posthumously granted an additional Chinese character, qin (勤), in his title, which became Prince Qin of Xun of the Second Order (恂勤郡王).
Titles
- 1688-1709: HIH Yinti, Prince
- 1709-1722: HIH Yinti, Gūsai Beise (固山貝子)
- 1722-1724: HIH Yinti, Doroi Giyūn Wang (多羅郡王; Prince of the Second Order)
- 1724-1725: HIH Yinti, Gusai Beise
- 1725-1734: Stripped off his titles
- 1734-1756: HIH Yinti, Prince Xun of the Second Order (恂郡王)