Wschowa
Encyclopedia
Wschowa ' is a town in the Lubusz Voivodeship
in Poland
with 14,607 inhabitants (2004). It is the capital of Wschowa County
.
and Greater Poland. After German colonists
had established a settlement nearby, it received Magdeburg rights
around 1250. The Old Polish
name Veschow was first mentioned in 1248, while the Middle High German
name Frowenstat Civitas first appeared in 1290. After the Silesian Piast
dukes had gradually accepted Bohemian
suzerainty, King Casimir III the Great in 1343 finally conquered it for Poland. The ziemia
Wschowa then was incorporated into the Greater Polish Poznań Voivodeship
of the Polish Crown.
Wschowa and its Latin school
was one of the centres of the Protestant Reformation
in Poland and a retreat for religious refugees in the days of the Counter-Reformation
in adjacent Habsburg
Silesia.
The Battle of Fraustadt
occurred at Wschowa on February 3, 1706 during the Great Northern War
, when Swedish
forces defeated a joint army of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Saxony
and Russia
. Within the Second Partition of Poland
in 1793, Wschowa was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia
and incorporated into the province of South Prussia
, until in 1807 it was awarded to the Duchy of Warsaw
according to the Treaty of Tilsit
.
A part of the Grand Duchy of Posen from 1815 on, the town was again incorporated into the Prussian Province of Posen
in 1848. According to the 1919 Treaty of Versailles
, Fraustadt remained under German
rule and formed the southernmost district of the Posen-West Prussia
border province. Since 1945 the area as a result of the 1945 Potsdam Conference
again belongs to Poland.
edition of the Polish Sidecarcross Grand Prix
, held on 6 June.
Lubusz Voivodeship
- Administrative division :Lubusz Voivodeship is divided into 14 counties : 2 city counties and 12 land counties. These are further divided into 83 gminas....
in Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
with 14,607 inhabitants (2004). It is the capital of Wschowa County
Wschowa County
Wschowa County is a unit of territorial administration and local government in Lubusz Voivodeship, western Poland. It was created in 2002 out of three gminas which previously belonged to Nowa Sól County. Its administrative seat and largest town is Wschowa, which lies east of Zielona Góra and ...
.
History
Wschowa was originally a border fortress in a region disputed by the Polish dukes of SilesiaDuchy of Silesia
The Duchy of Silesia with its capital at Wrocław was a medieval duchy located in the historic Silesian region of Poland. Soon after it was formed under the Piast dynasty in 1138, it fragmented into various Duchies of Silesia. In 1327 the remaining Duchy of Wrocław as well as most other duchies...
and Greater Poland. After German colonists
Ostsiedlung
Ostsiedlung , also called German eastward expansion, was the medieval eastward migration and settlement of Germans from modern day western and central Germany into less-populated regions and countries of eastern Central Europe and Eastern Europe. The affected area roughly stretched from Slovenia...
had established a settlement nearby, it received Magdeburg rights
Magdeburg rights
Magdeburg Rights or Magdeburg Law were a set of German town laws regulating the degree of internal autonomy within cities and villages granted by a local ruler. Modelled and named after the laws of the German city of Magdeburg and developed during many centuries of the Holy Roman Empire, it was...
around 1250. The Old Polish
Old Polish language
Old Polish is a name used to describe the period in the history of the Polish language between 9th and 16th centuries.-History:...
name Veschow was first mentioned in 1248, while the Middle High German
Middle High German
Middle High German , abbreviated MHG , is the term used for the period in the history of the German language between 1050 and 1350. It is preceded by Old High German and followed by Early New High German...
name Frowenstat Civitas first appeared in 1290. After the Silesian Piast
Silesian Piasts
The Silesian Piasts were the oldest line of the Piast dynasty beginning with Władysław II the Exile, son of Bolesław III Wrymouth, Duke of Poland...
dukes had gradually accepted Bohemian
Kingdom of Bohemia
The Kingdom of Bohemia was a country located in the region of Bohemia in Central Europe, most of whose territory is currently located in the modern-day Czech Republic. The King was Elector of Holy Roman Empire until its dissolution in 1806, whereupon it became part of the Austrian Empire, and...
suzerainty, King Casimir III the Great in 1343 finally conquered it for Poland. The ziemia
Ziemia
Ziemia is a historical unit of administration in Poland. In Polish the term is not capitalized ....
Wschowa then was incorporated into the Greater Polish Poznań Voivodeship
Poznan Voivodeship (14th century–1793)
Poznań Voivodeship 14th c.-1793 ) was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland from the 14th century to the Second Partition of Poland in 1793. It was part of the Greater Polish prowincja....
of the Polish Crown.
Wschowa and its Latin school
Latin School
Latin School may refer to:* Latin schools of Medieval Europe* These schools in the United States:** Boston Latin School, Boston, MA** Brooklyn Latin School, New York, NY** Brother Joseph C. Fox Latin School, Long Island, NY...
was one of the centres of the Protestant Reformation
Protestant Reformation
The Protestant Reformation was a 16th-century split within Western Christianity initiated by Martin Luther, John Calvin and other early Protestants. The efforts of the self-described "reformers", who objected to the doctrines, rituals and ecclesiastical structure of the Roman Catholic Church, led...
in Poland and a retreat for religious refugees in the days of the Counter-Reformation
Counter-Reformation
The Counter-Reformation was the period of Catholic revival beginning with the Council of Trent and ending at the close of the Thirty Years' War, 1648 as a response to the Protestant Reformation.The Counter-Reformation was a comprehensive effort, composed of four major elements:#Ecclesiastical or...
in adjacent Habsburg
Habsburg Monarchy
The Habsburg Monarchy covered the territories ruled by the junior Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg , and then by the successor House of Habsburg-Lorraine , between 1526 and 1867/1918. The Imperial capital was Vienna, except from 1583 to 1611, when it was moved to Prague...
Silesia.
The Battle of Fraustadt
Battle of Fraustadt
The Battle of Fraustadt was fought on February 2, 1706 / February 3, 1706 / February 13, 1706 between Sweden and Saxony-Poland and their Russian allies near Fraustadt in Poland. During the Battle of Fraustadt on February 3, August II was only 120 kilometers away with a cavalry force about 8000...
occurred at Wschowa on February 3, 1706 during the Great Northern War
Great Northern War
The Great Northern War was a conflict in which a coalition led by the Tsardom of Russia successfully contested the supremacy of the Swedish Empire in northern Central Europe and Eastern Europe. The initial leaders of the anti-Swedish alliance were Peter I the Great of Russia, Frederick IV of...
, when Swedish
Swedish Empire
The Swedish Empire refers to the Kingdom of Sweden between 1561 and 1721 . During this time, Sweden was one of the great European powers. In Swedish, the period is called Stormaktstiden, literally meaning "the Great Power Era"...
forces defeated a joint army of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Saxony
Electorate of Saxony
The Electorate of Saxony , sometimes referred to as Upper Saxony, was a State of the Holy Roman Empire. It was established when Emperor Charles IV raised the Ascanian duchy of Saxe-Wittenberg to the status of an Electorate by the Golden Bull of 1356...
and Russia
Tsardom of Russia
The Tsardom of Russia was the name of the centralized Russian state from Ivan IV's assumption of the title of Tsar in 1547 till Peter the Great's foundation of the Russian Empire in 1721.From 1550 to 1700, Russia grew 35,000 km2 a year...
. Within the Second Partition of Poland
Second Partition of Poland
The 1793 Second Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was the second of three partitions that ended the existence of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795. The second partition occurred in the aftermath of the War in Defense of the Constitution and the Targowica Confederation of 1792...
in 1793, Wschowa was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia
Kingdom of Prussia
The Kingdom of Prussia was a German kingdom from 1701 to 1918. Until the defeat of Germany in World War I, it comprised almost two-thirds of the area of the German Empire...
and incorporated into the province of South Prussia
South Prussia
South Prussia was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1793 to 1807. It was created out of territory annexed in the Second Partition of Poland and included in 1793*the Poznań, Kalisz and Gniezno Voivodeships of Greater Poland;...
, until in 1807 it was awarded to the Duchy of Warsaw
Duchy of Warsaw
The Duchy of Warsaw was a Polish state established by Napoleon I in 1807 from the Polish lands ceded by the Kingdom of Prussia under the terms of the Treaties of Tilsit. The duchy was held in personal union by one of Napoleon's allies, King Frederick Augustus I of Saxony...
according to the Treaty of Tilsit
Treaties of Tilsit
The Treaties of Tilsit were two agreements signed by Napoleon I of France in the town of Tilsit in July, 1807 in the aftermath of his victory at Friedland. The first was signed on 7 July, between Tsar Alexander I of Russia and Napoleon I of France, when they met on a raft in the middle of the Neman...
.
A part of the Grand Duchy of Posen from 1815 on, the town was again incorporated into the Prussian Province of Posen
Province of Posen
The Province of Posen was a province of Prussia from 1848–1918 and as such part of the German Empire from 1871 to 1918. The area was about 29,000 km2....
in 1848. According to the 1919 Treaty of Versailles
Treaty of Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles was one of the peace treaties at the end of World War I. It ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. It was signed on 28 June 1919, exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. The other Central Powers on the German side of...
, Fraustadt remained under German
Weimar Republic
The Weimar Republic is the name given by historians to the parliamentary republic established in 1919 in Germany to replace the imperial form of government...
rule and formed the southernmost district of the Posen-West Prussia
Posen-West Prussia
The border province of historical period Posen-West Prussia was a province of the Free State of Prussia. The capital was Schneidemühl . The province had an area of 7,695 km², and was located within present-day Poland....
border province. Since 1945 the area as a result of the 1945 Potsdam Conference
Potsdam Conference
The Potsdam Conference was held at Cecilienhof, the home of Crown Prince Wilhelm Hohenzollern, in Potsdam, occupied Germany, from 16 July to 2 August 1945. Participants were the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States...
again belongs to Poland.
Famous people
- Valerius HerbergerValerius HerbergerValerius Herberger was a German Lutheran preacher and theologian.-Life:He was born at Fraustadt, Silesia . He studied for three years at Freystadt in Silesia , and then entered the University of Frankfort-on-the-Oder...
(1562–1627), Lutheran theologian - Samuel Friedrich Lauterbach (1662–1728), Lutheran theologian and historian
- Andreas GryphiusAndreas GryphiusAndreas Gryphius was a German lyric poet and dramatist.Asteroid 496 Gryphia is named in his honour.-Life and career:...
(1616–1664), Baroque poet, lived at Fraustadt on and off - Christian Gryphius (1649–1706), son, dramatist, was born here
- Johannes Heinrich Valerius Graf (1837-1917), German painter
- Bronisław Geremek (1932–2008), historian and politician, attended school at Wschowa
- Waldy DzikowskiWaldy DzikowskiWaldy Dzikowski is a Polish politician. He was elected to Sejm on September 25, 2005 getting 54959 votes in 39 Poznań district, candidating from Platforma Obywatelska list.He was also a member of Sejm 2001-2005....
, politician, born 1959 at Wschowa
Sport
Wschowa will host the 20102010 Sidecarcross World Championship
The 2010 FIM Sidecarcross World Championship, the 31st edition of the competition, started on 5 April and finished after fourteen race weekends on 12 September 2010.The defending champions were Joris Hendrickx from Belgium and Kaspars Liepins from Latvia...
edition of the Polish Sidecarcross Grand Prix
Sidecarcross world championship
The Sidecar Motocross World Championship is an annual event, organised by the Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme , held since 1980. Previous to that, a European competition was held from 1971 onwards....
, held on 6 June.
