Wroclaw University of Technology
Encyclopedia
Wrocław University of Technology is an autonomous technical university
in Wrocław, Poland
. With buildings dispersed throughout the city, its main facilities are gathered at a central location near Plac Grunwaldzki
, alongside the Oder River. It also operates three regional branches in Jelenia Góra
, Legnica
, and Wałbrzych.
, and PhD
programs. Every year over 4,000 degrees are conferred, with over 80,000 graduates since its foundation. The university staff consists of over 2000 academic employees and another 2,000 administration workers.
Today, it belongs to the best technical universities in Poland – It rates high in the annual rankings of Polish universities. Recently, it has been announced the best technical university in Poland for the second consecutive time in the oldest Polish ranking of higher education schools carried out by the “Wprost
” magazine (in 2006 and 2007). Also, the university ranked first in the modern technologies group (disciplines: computer science, electronics, materials science) of the Where to study? ranking.
Ranked 430. in 2011 Webometrics Ranking of World Universities
185. in Europe and 9. in Central & Eastern Europe
scientists and engineers, with the support of Emperor Wilhelm II of the German Empire
. It was renowned for its accomplishments and innovation and inventions.
In May, 1945 the Festung Breslau was overrun by the Red Army
of the Soviet Union
and the Technical University of Breslau along with the city was ceded to the People's Republic of Poland
.
The Polish Wrocław University of Technology was founded August 24, 1945. A group of 27 professors, originating from the University and Technical University of Lwów, arrived in Wrocław and started the Polish academic society in the destroyed or severely damaged buildings of the Technische Hochschule Breslau. The first lecture was given by Kazimierz Idaszewski
on 15 November 1945, and since then that day has been celebrated as Wrocław Science Day.
In 1951 the university was divided into two institutions. The first rector of the newly established Wrocław University of Technology was Dionizy Smoleński
. From this moment, the Polytechnic developed quickly and underwent numerous organisational changes.
Nowadays students of this university take part in several Science programmes such as for example SSETI Program - developing communication systems and steering for a satellite launched 5 October 2005.
and five Vice-Rectors: for research, for
education, for students’ affairs, for general affairs and for development. Rectors and Vice-Rectors, as well as Dean
and Directors of the Departments are elected by the staff for three-year terms and may be re-elected only once. The highest governing body within the university is the Senate, which consists of 75 members: Rector, 5 Vice-Rectors, 12 Deans, 12 students and 45 eligible staff representatives.
2001, in cooperation with the Technical University of Liberec
in Czech Republic and the University of Applied Sciences Zittau/Goerlitz in Germany, the Neisse University
was established. The academic network provides own study courses using the resources of the partner institutes. In that way students study in three countries and acquire intercultural and interdisciplinary knowledge and experiences.
The university participate to student mobility and research cooperations with European technology universities through the Top Industrial Managers for Europe
(TIME) network.
University
A university is an institution of higher education and research, which grants academic degrees in a variety of subjects. A university is an organisation that provides both undergraduate education and postgraduate education...
in Wrocław, Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
. With buildings dispersed throughout the city, its main facilities are gathered at a central location near Plac Grunwaldzki
Plac Grunwaldzki
Plac Grunwaldzki is a large square and important transit point in Wrocław, Poland. The nearby Wrocław University of Technology and dormitories also make it one of the centers of student life in Wrocław....
, alongside the Oder River. It also operates three regional branches in Jelenia Góra
Jelenia Góra
----Jelenia Góra is a city in Lower Silesia, south-western Poland. The name of the city means "deer mountain" in Polish, Czech and German. It is close to the Krkonoše mountain range running along the Polish-Czech border – ski resorts such as Karpacz and Szklarska Poręba can be found...
, Legnica
Legnica
Legnica is a town in south-western Poland, in Silesia, in the central part of Lower Silesia, on the plain of Legnica, riverside: Kaczawa and Czarna Woda. Between 1 June 1975 and 31 December 1998 Legnica was the capital of the Legnica Voivodeship. It is currently the seat of the county...
, and Wałbrzych.
Facts & figures
Currently the University educates over 32,000 students in almost 50 different Bachelor, MasterMaster's degree
A master's is an academic degree granted to individuals who have undergone study demonstrating a mastery or high-order overview of a specific field of study or area of professional practice...
, and PhD
Doctor of Philosophy
Doctor of Philosophy, abbreviated as Ph.D., PhD, D.Phil., or DPhil , in English-speaking countries, is a postgraduate academic degree awarded by universities...
programs. Every year over 4,000 degrees are conferred, with over 80,000 graduates since its foundation. The university staff consists of over 2000 academic employees and another 2,000 administration workers.
Today, it belongs to the best technical universities in Poland – It rates high in the annual rankings of Polish universities. Recently, it has been announced the best technical university in Poland for the second consecutive time in the oldest Polish ranking of higher education schools carried out by the “Wprost
Wprost
Wprost is a weekly newsmagazine in Poland. It was founded on December 5, 1982 as a regional magazine in Greater Poland, but since 1989 it has been distributed nationwide. The editorial office is currently located in Warsaw. Wprost is an opinion weekly focused on politics and society. Marek Król is...
” magazine (in 2006 and 2007). Also, the university ranked first in the modern technologies group (disciplines: computer science, electronics, materials science) of the Where to study? ranking.
Ranked 430. in 2011 Webometrics Ranking of World Universities
Webometrics Ranking of World Universities
The Webometrics Ranking of World Universities, also known as Ranking Web of World Universities, is ranking system for the world's universities based on a composite indicator that takes into account both the volume of the Web contents and the visibility and impact of these web publications...
185. in Europe and 9. in Central & Eastern Europe
History
The Technische Hochschule Breslau was founded in 1910 with GermanGermans
The Germans are a Germanic ethnic group native to Central Europe. The English term Germans has referred to the German-speaking population of the Holy Roman Empire since the Late Middle Ages....
scientists and engineers, with the support of Emperor Wilhelm II of the German Empire
German Empire
The German Empire refers to Germany during the "Second Reich" period from the unification of Germany and proclamation of Wilhelm I as German Emperor on 18 January 1871, to 1918, when it became a federal republic after defeat in World War I and the abdication of the Emperor, Wilhelm II.The German...
. It was renowned for its accomplishments and innovation and inventions.
In May, 1945 the Festung Breslau was overrun by the Red Army
Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army started out as the Soviet Union's revolutionary communist combat groups during the Russian Civil War of 1918-1922. It grew into the national army of the Soviet Union. By the 1930s the Red Army was among the largest armies in history.The "Red Army" name refers to...
of the Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
and the Technical University of Breslau along with the city was ceded to the People's Republic of Poland
People's Republic of Poland
The People's Republic of Poland was the official name of Poland from 1952 to 1990. Although the Soviet Union took control of the country immediately after the liberation from Nazi Germany in 1944, the name of the state was not changed until eight years later...
.
The Polish Wrocław University of Technology was founded August 24, 1945. A group of 27 professors, originating from the University and Technical University of Lwów, arrived in Wrocław and started the Polish academic society in the destroyed or severely damaged buildings of the Technische Hochschule Breslau. The first lecture was given by Kazimierz Idaszewski
Kazimierz Idaszewski
Kazimierz Idaszewski was a Polish scholar and specialist of the electric machines and of electrochemistry, professor of the universities of Lvov, Silesia and Wrocław, and a member of Polish Academy of Sciences....
on 15 November 1945, and since then that day has been celebrated as Wrocław Science Day.
In 1951 the university was divided into two institutions. The first rector of the newly established Wrocław University of Technology was Dionizy Smoleński
Dionizy Smolenski
Dionizy Smoleński was a specialist in the theory of combustion, explosives, and internal ballistics.Smoleński was professor at the Wrocław and the Warsaw University of Technology....
. From this moment, the Polytechnic developed quickly and underwent numerous organisational changes.
Nowadays students of this university take part in several Science programmes such as for example SSETI Program - developing communication systems and steering for a satellite launched 5 October 2005.
Organisation
Wroclaw University of Technology is managed by a RectorRector
The word rector has a number of different meanings; it is widely used to refer to an academic, religious or political administrator...
and five Vice-Rectors: for research, for
education, for students’ affairs, for general affairs and for development. Rectors and Vice-Rectors, as well as Dean
Deans
-People:* Craig Deans, soccer player* Diane Deans, politician* Ian Deans, politician* John "Dixie" Deans, soccer player* Kathryn Deans, author* Mickey Deans, fifth and last husband of Judy Garland* Robbie Deans, rugby coach and former player...
and Directors of the Departments are elected by the staff for three-year terms and may be re-elected only once. The highest governing body within the university is the Senate, which consists of 75 members: Rector, 5 Vice-Rectors, 12 Deans, 12 students and 45 eligible staff representatives.
Faculties
The University offers education in a diverse range of fields at 12 different faculties:- Faculty of Architecture
- Architecture and Town Planning, Spatial Economy
- Faculty of Civil Engineering
- Civil Engineering
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Biotechnology, Chemistry, Chemical and Process Engineering, Materials Science & Engineering, Chemical Technology
- Faculty of Electronics
- Control Engineering and Robotics, Electronics and Telecommunications, Computer Science, Teleinformatics
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering
- Control Engineering and Robotics, Electrical Engineering, Renewable Energy
- Faculty of Geoengineering, Mining and Geology
- Mining and Geology
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering
- Environmental Engineering, Environmental Protection
- Faculty of Computer Science and Management
- Computer Science, Management and Marketing
- Faculty of Mechanical and Power Engineering
- Mechanical Engineering and Machine Building, Power Engineering
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
- Control Engineering and Robotics, Mechanical Engineering and Machine Building, Transport, Management and Manufacturing Engineering
- Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology
- Mathematics, Physics, Materials Engineering, Technical Physics, Computer Science
- Faculty of Microsystem Electronics and Photonics
- Electronics and Telecommunications
Rectors
- Rudolf Schenck (1910-1914)
- Gerhard HessenbergGerhard HessenbergGerhard Hessenberg was a German mathematician. He received his Ph.D from the University of Berlin in 1899 under the guidance of Hermann Schwarz and Lazarus Fuchs...
(1914-1916) - Carl Heinel (1916-1918)
- Friedrich Wilhelm SemmlerFriedrich Wilhelm SemmlerFriedrich Wilhelm Semmler was a German chemist.-Life:Semmler studied chemistry at the University of Straßburg and at the University of Breslau. He received is PhD in Breslau in 1887 and his habilitation at the University of Greifswald in 1890...
(1918-1920) - Ludwig Mann (1920-1924)
- Werner Schmeidler (1924-1926)
- Wilhelm Tafel (1926-1928)
- Karl Gottwein (1928-1930)
- Erich Waetzmann (1930-1932)
- Bernhard NeumannBernhard NeumannBernhard Hermann Neumann AC FRS was a German-born British mathematician who was one of the leading figures in group theory, greatly influencing the direction of the subject....
(1932-1933) - Wilhelm ReinWilhelm ReinWilhelm Rein was a German educational theorist.-Biography:Rein studied theology in Jena, going on to Tuiskon Ziller at Leipzig. In 1871 he became a teacher at Friedrich Wilhelm Dörpfeld's school in Barmen, in 1872 a teacher in Weimar, and moved to Eisenach in 1876...
(1933-1937) - Erwin Ferber (1937-1944)
- Heinrich Blecken (1944-1945)
- Stanisław Kulczyński (1945-1951)
- Dionizy SmoleńskiDionizy SmolenskiDionizy Smoleński was a specialist in the theory of combustion, explosives, and internal ballistics.Smoleński was professor at the Wrocław and the Warsaw University of Technology....
(1951-1960) - Zygmunt Szparkowski (1960-1969)
- Tadeusz Porębski (1969-1980)
- Bogusław Kędzia (1 XII 1980-31 VIII 1981)
- Tadeusz Zipser (1 IX-29 XII 1981)
- Jerzy Schroeder (6 I-31 VII 1982)
- Wacław Kasprzak (1982-1984)
- Jan Kmita (1984-1990)
- Andrzej Wiszniewski (1990-1996)
- Andrzej Mulak (1996-2002)
- Tadeusz Luty (2002-2008)
- Tadeusz Więckowski (2008-)
Student organizations
Active organizations- ASI - University Computer Science Association
- AZS - University Sport Association
- AIESECAIESECAIESEC is a global youth organisation that develops leadership capabilities through their internal leadership programmes and engaging students and graduates in international student exchange and internship programmes for profit and non-profit organisations. Its international office is in...
– International Association of the Economy and Commerce Students’ - BESTBoard of European Students of TechnologyBoard of European Students of Technology is an international, non-governmental, non-political, non-profit student organisation comprising 90 Local BEST Groups in 30 countries around Europe with more than 3000 active members....
- Board of European Students of Technology - IAESTEIAESTEThe International Association for the Exchange of Students for Technical Experience commonly referred to as IAESTE is an international organization exchanging students for technical work experience abroad. Students gain relevant technical training lasting from 4 weeks to 18 months...
- The International Association for the Exchange of Students for the Technical Experience - IACES - International Association of Civil Engineering Students
- NZS - Independent Students’ Union
- AKM Apanonar - Academic Motors Club
European cooperation networks
- Neisse University
2001, in cooperation with the Technical University of Liberec
Technical University of Liberec
The Technical University of Liberec is a public university in Liberec, Czech Republic. Its roots lie in the Technical College of Mechanical Engineering, which was founded in 1953. The college was promoted to a university and took its current name in 1995...
in Czech Republic and the University of Applied Sciences Zittau/Goerlitz in Germany, the Neisse University
Neisse University
The Neisse University is a trinational academic network held by the cooperating partners University of Applied Sciences Zittau/Görlitz, Technical University of Liberec and Wroclaw University of Technology...
was established. The academic network provides own study courses using the resources of the partner institutes. In that way students study in three countries and acquire intercultural and interdisciplinary knowledge and experiences.
- Top Industrial Managers for EuropeTop Industrial Managers for EuropeTop Industrial Managers for Europe is a network of more than fifty engineering schools and faculties and technical universities....
The university participate to student mobility and research cooperations with European technology universities through the Top Industrial Managers for Europe
Top Industrial Managers for Europe
Top Industrial Managers for Europe is a network of more than fifty engineering schools and faculties and technical universities....
(TIME) network.
International cooperation
- Power Engineering Graduate Program - Double Master’s Degree with Ryerson UniversityRyerson UniversityRyerson University is a public research university located in downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Its urban campus is adjacent to Yonge-Dundas Square located at the busiest intersection in Downtown Toronto. The majority of its buildings are in the blocks northeast of the square in Toronto's Garden...
- Joint Master-Program "Information Technology" with Ostwestfalen-Lippe University of Applied SciencesOstwestfalen-Lippe University of Applied SciencesThe Ostwestfalen-Lippe University of Applied Sciences is an state institution in Germany, which carries out research and higher education at four locations. OWL University enrolled 6.000 students in 9 faculties, which offers Bachelor and Master study programmes...
, Halmstad University and Aalborg University.
Centres
- Wroclaw Centre for Networking and Supercomputing
- Networking and Supercomputing services for local universities
- http://www.wcss.wroc.pl/english/
- Wroclaw Centre for Technology Transfer
- to increase the efficiency and the competitiveness of industry through innovation
- http://www.wctt.wroc.pl/
- Lower Silesia Centre for Advanced Technology
- promotion of clean technologies, hydrogen and fuel cells, food safety
- http://www.dczt.wroc.pl/
- Centre of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
- GaNGanGan may refer to:-Computing and telecommunications:*.gan, the file extension for documents created by GanttProject*Generic Access Network formerly known as Unlicensed Mobile Access *Global Area Network- Mythology :...
devices, delta-doped structures, scanning probe microscopy, polymers - http://www.cmzin.pwr.wroc.pl/eng/index_en.html
- Centre of Biomedical Engineering
- http://www.nauka.pwr.wroc.pl/biomedyczna.php
- Hugo SteinhausHugo SteinhausWładysław Hugo Dionizy Steinhaus was a Polish mathematician and educator. Steinhaus obtained his PhD under David Hilbert at Göttingen University in 1911 and later became a professor at the University of Lwów, where he helped establish what later became known as the Lwów School of Mathematics...
Center
- The goal of the Hugo Steinhaus Center is to organize, encourage and support research on and education in stochastic techniques as applied in science and technology
- http://www.im.pwr.wroc.pl/~hugo/HSC/hsc_ang.html
- Centre of Advanced Manufacturing Technology (CAMT)
- http://www.camt.pl/
- Center of Biomonitoring, Biotechnology and Ecosystems Protection in Lower Silesia
Conferences
- Modern Electric Power Systems MEPS 2010
- http://meps10.pwr.wroc.pl
- International Conference "Experimental Vibration Analysis for Civil Engineering Structures" - EVACES
- http://www.evaces09.pwr.wroc.pl/
- Energy Efficiency and Air Pollutants Control Conference
- http://www.energy-air-wroclaw.pwr.wroc.pl/
Notable faculty and alumni
- Krzysztof BaranowskiKrzysztof BaranowskiKrzysztof Baranowski – yachtsman, sailing captain, journalist, teacher, member of the Council Board of Polish Maritime Foundation. As the first Pole sailed twice single-handed around the globe...
- yachtsman, sailorSailorA sailor, mariner, or seaman is a person who navigates water-borne vessels or assists in their operation, maintenance, or service. The term can apply to professional mariners, military personnel, and recreational sailors as well as a plethora of other uses... - Constantin CarathéodoryConstantin CarathéodoryConstantin Carathéodory was a Greek mathematician. He made significant contributions to the theory of functions of a real variable, the calculus of variations, and measure theory...
- Greek mathematicianMathematicianA mathematician is a person whose primary area of study is the field of mathematics. Mathematicians are concerned with quantity, structure, space, and change.... - Klaus ClusiusKlaus ClusiusKlaus Clusius was a German physical chemist from Breslau , Silesia. During World War II, he worked on the German nuclear energy project, also known as the Uranium Club; he worked on isotope separation techniques and heavy water production...
- physical chemistChemistA chemist is a scientist trained in the study of chemistry. Chemists study the composition of matter and its properties such as density and acidity. Chemists carefully describe the properties they study in terms of quantities, with detail on the level of molecules and their component atoms... - Leszek CzarneckiLeszek CzarneckiLeszek Czarnecki is a businessman based in Wrocław, Poland. He holds a degree in engineering and a Ph.D in economics.-Background:...
- businessman and billionaireBillionaireA billionaire, in countries that use the short scale number naming system, is a person who has a net worth of at least one billion units of a given currency, usually the United States dollar, Euro, or Pound sterling. Forbes magazine updates a complete list of U.S. dollar billionaires around the... - Rafał Dutkiewicz - president of the City of Wrocław
- Arnold EuckenArnold EuckenArnold Eucken was a German chemist and physicist.-Career:Eucken was born as a son of the philosopher and later Nobel Prize winner Rudolf Eucken in Jena. He completed his study in Kiel, Jena and Berlin. There he worked as a coworker of Walther Nernst...
- chemistChemistA chemist is a scientist trained in the study of chemistry. Chemists study the composition of matter and its properties such as density and acidity. Chemists carefully describe the properties they study in terms of quantities, with detail on the level of molecules and their component atoms... - Erwin FuesErwin FuesErwin Richard Fues was a German theoretical physicist who made contributions to atomic physics and molecular physics, quantum wave mechanics, and solid-state physics.-Education and career:...
- theoretical physicistPhysicistA physicist is a scientist who studies or practices physics. Physicists study a wide range of physical phenomena in many branches of physics spanning all length scales: from sub-atomic particles of which all ordinary matter is made to the behavior of the material Universe as a whole... - Wojciech KurtykaWojciech KurtykaWojciech Kurtyka is a Polish mountaineer and rock climber, one of the pioneers of the alpine style of climbing the biggest walls in the Greater Ranges....
- climberClimberClimber may refer to:*Climber, a participant in the activity of climbing*Climber, general name for a vine*Climber , a robot that goes upward or downward on a track*Climber , by Nintendo... - Krystyn Jerzy Haich - architectArchitectAn architect is a person trained in the planning, design and oversight of the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to offer or render services in connection with the design and construction of a building, or group of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the...
- Jerzy Leszczyński - chemistChemistA chemist is a scientist trained in the study of chemistry. Chemists study the composition of matter and its properties such as density and acidity. Chemists carefully describe the properties they study in terms of quantities, with detail on the level of molecules and their component atoms...
received the Presidential Award for Excellence in Mathematics and Science TeachingPresidential Award for Excellence in Mathematics and Science TeachingThe Presidential Award for Excellence in Mathematics and Science Teaching is the highest recognition that a kindergarten through 12th-grade mathematics or science teacher may receive for outstanding teaching in the United States. Enacted by Congress in 1983, this program authorizes the President... - Jan Paweł NowackiJan Paweł NowackiJan Paweł Nowacki was an engineer. He worked for the British during World War II on radar installations, and later had a career as a university lecturer.-Biography:...
- electrical engineer - Ferdinand Albin PaxFerdinand Albin PaxFerdinand Albin Pax was a German botanist and entomologist. He specialised in Lepidoptera, Diptera, as well as in spermatophytes, describing several species....
- botanist and entomologist. - Eugen PiwowarskyEugen PiwowarskyEugen Piwowarsky was a German metallurgist.Piwowarsky was born in Leschnitz, Prussian Silesia, and educated at the Technische Hochschule Breslau. He taught at RWTH Aachen and died in Aachen.-Literary works:...
- metallurgist - Wanda RutkiewiczWanda RutkiewiczWanda Rutkiewicz was a Polish mountain climber. She was the first woman to successfully summit K2.-Early life:Rutkiewicz was born in Plungė, Lithuania...
- one of the greatest woman mountaineerMountaineer-Sports:*Mountaineering, the sport, hobby or profession of walking, hiking, trekking and climbing up mountains, also known as alpinism-University athletic teams and mascots:*Appalachian State Mountaineers, the athletic teams of Appalachian State University...
s - Hugo SteinhausHugo SteinhausWładysław Hugo Dionizy Steinhaus was a Polish mathematician and educator. Steinhaus obtained his PhD under David Hilbert at Göttingen University in 1911 and later became a professor at the University of Lwów, where he helped establish what later became known as the Lwów School of Mathematics...
- mathematicianMathematicianA mathematician is a person whose primary area of study is the field of mathematics. Mathematicians are concerned with quantity, structure, space, and change.... - Władysław Ślebodziński - mathematicianMathematicianA mathematician is a person whose primary area of study is the field of mathematics. Mathematicians are concerned with quantity, structure, space, and change....
- Czesław Ryll-Nardzewski - mathematicianMathematicianA mathematician is a person whose primary area of study is the field of mathematics. Mathematicians are concerned with quantity, structure, space, and change....
- Włodzimierz Trzebiatowski - physicistPhysicistA physicist is a scientist who studies or practices physics. Physicists study a wide range of physical phenomena in many branches of physics spanning all length scales: from sub-atomic particles of which all ordinary matter is made to the behavior of the material Universe as a whole...
, chemistChemistA chemist is a scientist trained in the study of chemistry. Chemists study the composition of matter and its properties such as density and acidity. Chemists carefully describe the properties they study in terms of quantities, with detail on the level of molecules and their component atoms...
and mathematicianMathematicianA mathematician is a person whose primary area of study is the field of mathematics. Mathematicians are concerned with quantity, structure, space, and change.... - Stanisław TołpaStanisław TołpaStanislaw Tołpa - professor of botany, has developed peat preparation called by his name.Born into a poor peasant family in eastern Poland....
- botanist - Krzysztof WielickiKrzysztof WielickiKrzysztof Wielicki is a Polish retired alpine and high-altitude climber. He is the fifth man to climb all fourteen eight-thousanders and the first ever to climb Mount Everest, Kangchenjunga, and Lhotse in the winter. He is a member of The Explorers Club...
- mountaineerMountaineer-Sports:*Mountaineering, the sport, hobby or profession of walking, hiking, trekking and climbing up mountains, also known as alpinism-University athletic teams and mascots:*Appalachian State Mountaineers, the athletic teams of Appalachian State University...
, the fifth man to climb all fourteen eight-thousanders - Maja Włoszczowska - World Champion in mountain bikingMountain bikingMountain biking is a sport which consists of riding bicycles off-road, often over rough terrain, using specially adapted mountain bikes. Mountain bikes share similarities with other bikes, but incorporate features designed to enhance durability and performance in rough terrain.Mountain biking can...