Wingless localisation element 3 (WLE3)
Encyclopedia
The WL3 Wingless localisation element 3 (WLE3) is an RNA
structure
that localises the wingless mRNA in flies.
The structure consists of a stem, a bulge region, another stem and a loop.
The published structure was determined and refined through experiments.
Wingless localisation element 3 (WLE3) is a 53-nt
(nt 518-570) apical localization
element within the 3'-untranslated region
of the wingless (wg) mRNA. It is shown to be sufficient and necessary for apical RNA transport in microinjection assays and transgenic reporters.
Indeed, deletion of WLE3 in an otherwise full-length wg 3'UTR completely abolishes apical localization. However, a minimal WLE3 monomer by itself shows weak activity on its own. The incomplete activity of
a single WLE3 element indicates a requirement for additional elements or sequences.
Phylogenetic comparison of WLE3 elements predicts a highly conserved stem-loop
structure in
Drosophila
species (using ALIFOLD) and deemed necessary for WLE function by mutational analyses.
Full WLE3 activity is dependent on appropriate downstream sequences and can also be blocked by
downstream sequences. Targeted mutation
s on the sequence and structural aspects of WLE3 stem-loop
were done and tested showing the distal stem to be most important, the central variable region
while must be present its sequences and bulges appear to be unimportant and the WLE3 loop with
two invariant residues
is not required for localization.
RNA
Ribonucleic acid , or RNA, is one of the three major macromolecules that are essential for all known forms of life....
structure
RNA structure
Biomolecular structure is the structure of biomolecules, mainly proteins and the nucleic acids DNA and RNA. The structure of these molecules is frequently decomposed into primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure, and quaternary structure. The scaffold for this structure is...
that localises the wingless mRNA in flies.
The structure consists of a stem, a bulge region, another stem and a loop.
The published structure was determined and refined through experiments.
Wingless localisation element 3 (WLE3) is a 53-nt
Nucleotide
Nucleotides are molecules that, when joined together, make up the structural units of RNA and DNA. In addition, nucleotides participate in cellular signaling , and are incorporated into important cofactors of enzymatic reactions...
(nt 518-570) apical localization
element within the 3'-untranslated region
Three prime untranslated region
In molecular genetics, the three prime untranslated region is a particular section of messenger RNA . It is preceeded by the coding region....
of the wingless (wg) mRNA. It is shown to be sufficient and necessary for apical RNA transport in microinjection assays and transgenic reporters.
Indeed, deletion of WLE3 in an otherwise full-length wg 3'UTR completely abolishes apical localization. However, a minimal WLE3 monomer by itself shows weak activity on its own. The incomplete activity of
a single WLE3 element indicates a requirement for additional elements or sequences.
Phylogenetic comparison of WLE3 elements predicts a highly conserved stem-loop
Stem-loop
Stem-loop intramolecular base pairing is a pattern that can occur in single-stranded DNA or, more commonly, in RNA. The structure is also known as a hairpin or hairpin loop. It occurs when two regions of the same strand, usually complementary in nucleotide sequence when read in opposite directions,...
structure in
Drosophila
Drosophila
Drosophila is a genus of small flies, belonging to the family Drosophilidae, whose members are often called "fruit flies" or more appropriately pomace flies, vinegar flies, or wine flies, a reference to the characteristic of many species to linger around overripe or rotting fruit...
species (using ALIFOLD) and deemed necessary for WLE function by mutational analyses.
Full WLE3 activity is dependent on appropriate downstream sequences and can also be blocked by
downstream sequences. Targeted mutation
Mutation
In molecular biology and genetics, mutations are changes in a genomic sequence: the DNA sequence of a cell's genome or the DNA or RNA sequence of a virus. They can be defined as sudden and spontaneous changes in the cell. Mutations are caused by radiation, viruses, transposons and mutagenic...
s on the sequence and structural aspects of WLE3 stem-loop
were done and tested showing the distal stem to be most important, the central variable region
while must be present its sequences and bulges appear to be unimportant and the WLE3 loop with
two invariant residues
Residue (chemistry)
In chemistry, residue is the material remaining after a distillation or an evaporation, or to a portion of a larger molecule, such as a methyl group. It may also refer to the undesired byproducts of a reaction....
is not required for localization.