Will Price
Encyclopedia
William Lightfoot Price (1861 – October 14, 1916) was an influential American architect, a pioneer in the use of reinforced concrete
Reinforced concrete
Reinforced concrete is concrete in which reinforcement bars , reinforcement grids, plates or fibers have been incorporated to strengthen the concrete in tension. It was invented by French gardener Joseph Monier in 1849 and patented in 1867. The term Ferro Concrete refers only to concrete that is...

, and a founder of the utopian communities of Arden, Delaware
Arden, Delaware
Arden is a village and art colony in New Castle County, Delaware, in the United States, founded in 1900 as a radical Georgist single-tax community by sculptor Frank Stephens and architect Will Price. The village occupies about 160 acres, with half kept as open land. According to the 2010 Census,...

 and Rose Valley, Pennsylvania
Rose Valley, Pennsylvania
Rose Valley is a small but historic borough in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States. Its area is and the population was 944 at the 2000 census. It was settled by Quaker farmers in 1682, and later water mills along Ridley Creek drove manufacturing in the nineteenth century...

.

Career

At age 17, Price began work in the offices of architect Addison Hutton
Addison Hutton
Addison Hutton was a Philadelphia architect who designed prominent residences in Philadelphia and its suburbs, plus courthouses, hospitals, and libraries, including the Ridgway Library and the Historical Society of Pennsylvania...

. He subsequently joined his brother Frank in the offices of architect Frank Furness
Frank Furness
Frank Heyling Furness was an acclaimed American architect of the Victorian era. He designed more than 600 buildings, most in the Philadelphia area, and is remembered for his eclectic, muscular, often idiosyncratically scaled buildings, and for his influence on the Chicago architect Louis Sullivan...

. The brothers opened their own office in 1881. Their first major commission came in 1888, to design suburban houses in Wayne, Pennsylvania for real estate developers Wendell & Smith. The brothers' partnership lasted until 1893. Price designed suburban houses for another Wendell & Smith development, "Overbrook Farms," including his own house, "Kelty" (1894). In 1903, he formed a partnership with M. Hawley McClanahan, that lasted until his death.
Price was a Quaker
Religious Society of Friends
The Religious Society of Friends, or Friends Church, is a Christian movement which stresses the doctrine of the priesthood of all believers. Members are known as Friends, or popularly as Quakers. It is made of independent organisations, which have split from one another due to doctrinal differences...

, and his early commissions may have come through religious ties. The owners of Philadelphia's Strawbridge & Clothier Department Store were investors with George W. Vanderbilt in a proposed resort hotel in Ashville, North Carolina, and may have recommended Price to design the Kenilworth Inn
Kenilworth Inn
Kenilworth Inn, located in Asheville, North Carolina, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It is a towering example of large-scale Gothic Tudor architecture overlooking downtown Asheville and the Blue Ridge Mountains and serves as tribute to American architecture over the past 125...

 (1890-91, burned 1909). Price's familiarity with Vanderbilt's then-under-construction chateau and estate, "Biltmore,"
Biltmore Estate
Biltmore House is a Châteauesque-styled mansion near Asheville, North Carolina, built by George Washington Vanderbilt II between 1889 and 1895. It is the largest privately-owned home in the United States, at and featuring 250 rooms...

 seems to have gotten him his next major commission, "Woodmont."

For steel magnate and former U.S. Congressman Alan Wood, Jr.
Alan Wood, Jr.
Alan Wood, Jr. was a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.Alan Wood, Jr. was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He attended private schools and was employed in his father's mill at Delaware Iron Works, near Wilmington, Delaware...

, Price designed "Woodmont" (1892-94), a chateauesque
Châteauesque
Châteauesque is one of several terms, including Francis I style, and, in Canada, the Château Style, that refer to a revival architectural style based on the French Renaissance architecture of the monumental French country homes built in the Loire Valley from the late fifteenth century to the...

 mansion built on the highest point in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania
Montgomery County, Pennsylvania
Montgomery County is a county located in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania, in the United States. As of 2010, the population was 799,874, making it the third most populous county in Pennsylvania . The county seat is Norristown.The county was created on September 10, 1784, out of land originally part...

, a bluff overlooking the Schuylkill River
Schuylkill River
The Schuylkill River is a river in Pennsylvania. It is a designated Pennsylvania Scenic River.The river is about long. Its watershed of about lies entirely within the state of Pennsylvania. The source of its eastern branch is in the Appalachian Mountains at Tuscarora Springs, near Tamaqua in...

, the industrial town of Conshohocken
Conshohocken, Pennsylvania
Conshohocken is a borough on the Schuylkill River in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, in suburban Philadelphia. Historically a large mill town and industrial and manufacturing center, after the decline of industry in recent years Conshohocken has developed into a center of riverfront commercial and...

, and the Alan Wood Iron & Steel Company Plant. Price would design other palatial residences, but never again on this scale.

Price experimented with new materials, especially reinforced concrete, that were cheaper for constructing hotels and industrial buildings, and allowed wide spans and soaring spaces. At Rose Valley, a utopian community he co-founded, he built new buildings and altered existing ones, creating an Arts & Crafts village.

Price's most famous building was the Marlborough-Blenheim Hotel
Marlborough-Blenheim Hotel
The Marlborough-Blenheim Hotel was a historic resort hotel property in Atlantic City, New Jersey, built in 1902-1906, demolished in 1979.In 1902, Josiah White III bought a parcel of land near Ohio Avenue and the Boardwalk, and built the Queen Anne style Marlborough House. The hotel was financially...

 (1905-06), on the boardwalk in Atlantic City, New Jersey. Following the 1976 legalization of gambling in the city, architect Robert Venturi
Robert Venturi
Robert Charles Venturi, Jr. is an American architect, founding principal of the firm Venturi, Scott Brown and Associates, and one of the major figures in the architecture of the twentieth century...

 hoped to make the building the centerpiece of a casino-hotel, but its reinforced concrete had deteriorated so much that it could not be saved. It was demolished in 1979.

Georgist

Will was an ardent Georgist, following the economic theories of Henry George
Henry George
Henry George was an American writer, politician and political economist, who was the most influential proponent of the land value tax, also known as the "single tax" on land...

. The Arden, Delaware
Arden, Delaware
Arden is a village and art colony in New Castle County, Delaware, in the United States, founded in 1900 as a radical Georgist single-tax community by sculptor Frank Stephens and architect Will Price. The village occupies about 160 acres, with half kept as open land. According to the 2010 Census,...

 website (www.theardens.com) writes that "Arden was founded in 1900 by sculptor Frank Stephens and architect Will Price based on the Single Tax philosophy of Henry George, a political economist whose ideas were popular in America in the late 1800s. The land was and still is owned in common."

Additionally,the Historic Society of Delaware notes: "Stephens and Price first came to Delaware in 1895-1896 during the single-tax campaign to win political control of the state. The Single-Taxers hoped that by gaining control of a small political entity they could put their principles into action and show that they could really work. The exhibit will show a rare copy of Justice, a single-tax newspaper published in Wilmington in April 1896. The campaign failed—many of the activists were jailed—but Price and Stephens did not give up their dream. In 1900, they purchased the Derrickson farm in northern New Castle County. Price designed a town plan that preserved communal open space and encouraged people to mingle with their neighbors. Stephens and Price adopted "You are welcome hither" as the community motto because they wanted Arden to be a place open to people of all economic levels and political views, a new departure in an era when restrictions were the norm. Price never lived in Arden, but built and owned a handful of cottages;—he was more deeply involved in Rose Valley, another idealistic community nearby in Pennsylvania—but Frank Stephens did. (Stephens's) enthusiasm, leadership, and ideas guided Arden from a dream to reality. His son Donald also played a vital role in the community."

Rose Valley

The Rose Valley Museum and Historical Society writes the following about Will Price:
"Will Price died in 1916 at 55. It has been argued that, had he had as long a career as his contemporary Frank Lloyd Wright
Frank Lloyd Wright
Frank Lloyd Wright was an American architect, interior designer, writer and educator, who designed more than 1,000 structures and completed 500 works. Wright believed in designing structures which were in harmony with humanity and its environment, a philosophy he called organic architecture...

 (1867-1959), Price might also have been a giant among the world’s architects. There is certainly much about his later work like the Atlantic City hotels and the Chicago Freight Terminal to indicate a radically modern direction. And modernism exists in his earlier work, but it is now more difficult to see or understand. The houses he built before founding Rose Valley are made from the same hodge-podge of materials as any other turn-of-the-century American architect used for the show places of rich clients: cut and rough stone, cedar and slate shingles, Gothic and half-timber wood work, red brick and buff stucco. All of this historicism hid modern systems like electricity, steam heat, and interior plumbing.

When Will Price came to Rose Valley there were twelve small houses, two old mills, and an historic stone house once occupied by Bishop White. Price rehabilitated some buildings; slip covered others and, eventually, put up completely new houses. The old bobbin mill was given a quaint rustic porch. A farmhouse above the Bishop White house was encased in stucco and tile and expanded to become the grandest house in the valley, “Schönhaus.”

House of the Democrat

An unpretentious cottage went up on Price’s Lane, “House of the Democrat,” which became one of the most influential buildings of the American Arts and Crafts movement
Arts and Crafts movement
Arts and Crafts was an international design philosophy that originated in England and flourished between 1860 and 1910 , continuing its influence until the 1930s...

.

Before it was built, Price published designs for this house in several influential magazines with a national circulation like Ladies’ Home Journal. Along with other Arts and Crafts proselytizers like Gustav Stickley
Gustav Stickley
Gustav Stickley was a manufacturer of furniture and the leading proselytizer for the American Arts and Crafts movement, an extension of the British Arts and Crafts movement.-Biography:...

, Price sought to convince Americans that they didn’t need to “keep up with the Joneses.” He admonished both rich and poor to “…dispense with the plush albums and tea-store chromos and self-playing melodeon
Melodeon (organ)
A melodeon is a type of 19th century reed organ with a foot-operated vacuum bellows, and a piano keyboard. It differs from the related harmonium, which uses a pressure bellows. Melodeons were manufactured in the United States sometime after 1812 until the Civil War era...

s and comic operas and the daily installment of wood-pulp which calls itself the modern newspaper. Resigning these luxuries, they will get what in return? They will still have the necessaries of life and some of the comforts.” In 1903 Price wrote a book called Home Building and Furnishing. Being a Combined New Edition of Model Houses for Little Money published together with Inside of 100 Homes By W. M. Johnson in which they made an effort to distill his idea about how anyone’s home could have everything it needed to live the art that is life without costly materials and elaborate detail. The mere consideration of the quality of housing for the average person was a modern notion. Earlier architects may have designed small houses, but they were for the relatively rich. If and when housing was contemplated for anyone else, it was usually in terms of cheap, exploitative development.

Thunderbird Lodge

Price thought houses would be modern if they fit the life one lived. He was very much against copying historical styles because no one lived like Roman emperors or French royalty. He thought beauty would come not from the architect’s design but from the fitness of purpose, place, and materials. The most eloquent example of this in Rose Valley is "Thunderbird Lodge
Thunderbird Lodge (Rose Valley, Pennsylvania)
Thunderbird Lodge is a building of historical and architectural significance in the utopian community of Rose Valley, Pennsylvania.-Architect:...

," the studio house of Charles and Alice Barber Stephens
Alice Barber Stephens
Alice Barber Stephens was an American painter and engraver, best remembered for her illustrations.She was born on a farm in Salem, New Jersey, and attended local schools. Her Quaker family moved to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and at age 15 she became a student at the Philadelphia School of Design...

.

The structure grew from an existing stone bank barn. The second floor of the barn became a studio for Charles while the first was shaped into another for Alice. The name of the house derived from Charles Stephens’s passionate interest in Native American artifacts. His collection eventually became the core of the University of Pennsylvania
University of Pennsylvania
The University of Pennsylvania is a private, Ivy League university located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Penn is the fourth-oldest institution of higher education in the United States,Penn is the fourth-oldest using the founding dates claimed by each institution...

 museum collection. The fireplace in the upstairs studio is said to have the form of a Thunderbird, a symbol that also appears on the studio exterior, this time made of Henry Mercer’s Moravian tiles.

Price described the house: “The old barn standing near the road was converted into first and second floor studios, the old timber roof being rebuilt for the upper studio, and large windows and fireplaces being built into the old walls. The house rambles off from the fireplace and off the studios and is connected to them by an octagonal stair hall. It is built in part of fieldstone so like that in the old barn that it is almost impossible to tell old work from new. The upper part is of warm gray plaster, and the roof of red tile. All of the detail is as simple and direct as possible, and the interior is finished in cypress stained to soft browns and grays and guilty of no finish other than wax or oil.”

Citing the way the house fit its site, the way the pergola helped integrate the building and gardens, the use of local materials, and the references to indigenous architecture, magazines compared it to the designs of Frank Lloyd Wright who was then just beginning to develop his signature Prairie School style.

Thunderbird lodge later became the home of the Olmsteds: Judge Allen and Mildred Scott Olmsted, both well-known social activists. He was instrumental in the founding of the American Civil Liberties Union
American Civil Liberties Union
The American Civil Liberties Union is a U.S. non-profit organization whose stated mission is "to defend and preserve the individual rights and liberties guaranteed to every person in this country by the Constitution and laws of the United States." It works through litigation, legislation, and...

, and she was a tireless proponent of the Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom." From the website Photographs of Will's buildings are available at this website.

Price's architectural drawings along with those of his brother Walter are at the Athenaeum of Philadelphia
Athenaeum of Philadelphia
The Athenaeum of Philadelphia, located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, is a special collections library founded in 1814 to collect materials "connected with the history and antiquities of America, and the useful arts, and generally to disseminate useful knowledge" for public benefit...

.

Selected Buildings

  • Kenilworth Inn
    Kenilworth Inn
    Kenilworth Inn, located in Asheville, North Carolina, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It is a towering example of large-scale Gothic Tudor architecture overlooking downtown Asheville and the Blue Ridge Mountains and serves as tribute to American architecture over the past 125...

    , Asheville, North Carolina (1890-91, burned 1909).
  • "Woodmont," Alan Wood, Jr. mansion, 1622 Spring Mill Road, Gladwyne, Pennsylvania (1892-94). Now headquarters for International Peace Mission movement
    International Peace Mission movement
    The International Peace Mission movement was the religious movement started by Father Divine, an African-American who claimed to be God.-History:...

    .
  • Will Price house, 6334 Sherwood Road, Overbrook Farms, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1894).
  • Winston Commons Apartments, 6620-24 Germantown Avenue, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1895).
  • Alterations to "Robindale," John S. Clarke house, Morris Avenue & Yarrow Street, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania (1896 and 1901). Now Benham Gateway Building (Admissions Office), Bryn Mawr College
    Bryn Mawr College
    Bryn Mawr College is a women's liberal arts college located in Bryn Mawr, a community in Lower Merion Township, Pennsylvania, ten miles west of Philadelphia. The name "Bryn Mawr" means "big hill" in Welsh....

    . Frank Furness
    Frank Furness
    Frank Heyling Furness was an acclaimed American architect of the Victorian era. He designed more than 600 buildings, most in the Philadelphia area, and is remembered for his eclectic, muscular, often idiosyncratically scaled buildings, and for his influence on the Chicago architect Louis Sullivan...

     designed the original c.1883 house.
  • John Marshall Gest house, 5620 City Avenue, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1897-98). Now Wolfington Hall, Saint Joseph's University
    Saint Joseph's University
    Saint Joseph's University is a private, coeducational Roman Catholic Jesuit university located partially in the Wynnefield section of Philadelphia and partially in Lower Merion Township and located in the Pennsylvania Main Line, Pennsylvania, United States.The school was founded in 1851 as Saint...

    .
  • "Glenmede," George S. Graham mansion, 630 Old Gulph Road, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania (1902-04). Now part of Bryn Mawr College
    Bryn Mawr College
    Bryn Mawr College is a women's liberal arts college located in Bryn Mawr, a community in Lower Merion Township, Pennsylvania, ten miles west of Philadelphia. The name "Bryn Mawr" means "big hill" in Welsh....

    .
  • Jacob Reed's Sons Store, 1424 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1903-04). An early reinforced concrete
    Reinforced concrete
    Reinforced concrete is concrete in which reinforcement bars , reinforcement grids, plates or fibers have been incorporated to strengthen the concrete in tension. It was invented by French gardener Joseph Monier in 1849 and patented in 1867. The term Ferro Concrete refers only to concrete that is...

     structure, with brick cladding and Mercer tile
    Moravian Pottery and Tile Works
    The Moravian Pottery & Tile Works is a history museum located in Doylestown, Pennsylvania. It is maintained by the County of Bucks, Department of Parks and Recreation. The museum was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972, and was later included in a National...

     mosaic work.
  • Marlborough Hotel, Atlantic City, New Jersey (1902, demolished 1979). This was later combined with the Blenheim Hotel.
  • Blenheim Hotel
    Marlborough-Blenheim Hotel
    The Marlborough-Blenheim Hotel was a historic resort hotel property in Atlantic City, New Jersey, built in 1902-1906, demolished in 1979.In 1902, Josiah White III bought a parcel of land near Ohio Avenue and the Boardwalk, and built the Queen Anne style Marlborough House. The hotel was financially...

    , Atlantic City, New Jersey (1905-1906, demolished 1979). At the time of its construction, the largest reinforced-concrete building in the world.
  • Media Armory
    Media Armory
    The Media Armory, located in Media, Pennsylvania, is a historical armory built in 1908 for company H of the 6th Infantry Regiment of the Pennsylvania National Guard. The building was originally used for training and the storage of arms and ammunition, but has been converted for use into a Trader...

    , 12 E. State Street, Media, Pennsylvania (1908).
  • Second "Frank Stephens Homestead," Arden, Delaware (1909).
  • Altered the existing Derrickson Barn into "Gild Hall," Arden, Delaware (1910).
  • Traymore Hotel
    Traymore Hotel
    The Traymore Hotel was a resort in Atlantic City, New Jersey. Begun as a small boarding house in 1879, the hotel expanded and became one of the city's premier resorts. As Atlantic City began to decline in its popularity as a resort town, during the 1950s and 1960s, the Traymore diminished in...

    , Atlantic City, New Jersey (1914-1915, demolished 1972).
  • Pennsylvania Railroad Freight Terminal, Chicago, Illinois (1914-1918, demolished 1970s).
  • Pennsylvania Railroad Station, Fort Wayne, Indiana (1914).
  • Additions to Union Station, Indianapolis, Indiana (1915-20).
  • Flamingo Hotel
    Flamingo Hotel, Miami Beach
    The Flamingo Hotel overlooked Biscayne Bay on the west side of the newly formed city of Miami Beach, Florida until the 1950s, when it was torn down to make room for the new Morton Towers development, which is now known as the Flamingo South Beach....

    , Miami Beach, Florida (1921, demolished 1950s).

Rose Valley Buildings

  • Altered 8 existing rowhouses into "Guest House" (1901).
  • Altered an existing house into "Camaredeil," Will Price house, (1901).
  • Alterations to "Bishop White House" (1902). Price added the 2-story porch and the tile roof.
  • Altered the existing Bobbin Mill into "Guild Hall" (c. 1904). Now Hedgerow Theater.
  • Altered an existing barn into "Thunderbird Lodge
    Thunderbird Lodge (Rose Valley, Pennsylvania)
    Thunderbird Lodge is a building of historical and architectural significance in the utopian community of Rose Valley, Pennsylvania.-Architect:...

    ," Charles & Alice Barber Stephens
    Alice Barber Stephens
    Alice Barber Stephens was an American painter and engraver, best remembered for her illustrations.She was born on a farm in Salem, New Jersey, and attended local schools. Her Quaker family moved to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and at age 15 she became a student at the Philadelphia School of Design...

     house (1904), 45 Rose Valley Road.
  • Altered an existing house into "Schönhaus" (1904-05).
  • "Auntie Bess Warrington House" (1908), 7 Price's Lane.
  • "Roylencroft" (1909).
  • "House of the Democrat," (1911-12).
  • Rose Valley Improvement Company houses on Porter Lane (after 1910).

Gallery


File:Kenilworth Inn Ashville NC 1902 LOC4a09515v (cropped).jpg|Kenilworth Inn
Kenilworth Inn
Kenilworth Inn, located in Asheville, North Carolina, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It is a towering example of large-scale Gothic Tudor architecture overlooking downtown Asheville and the Blue Ridge Mountains and serves as tribute to American architecture over the past 125...

, Asheville, NC (1890-91, burned 1909).
File:6620 Germantown Philly.JPG|Winston Commons Apartments, Germantown
Colonial Germantown Historic District
The Colonial Germantown Historic District is a designated National Historic Landmark District in the Germantown and Mount Airy neighborhoods of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania along both sides of Germantown Avenue...

, Philadelphia, PA (1895).
File:Camaredeil.JPG|"Camaredeil," Will Price house, Rose Valley, PA (1901).
File:Marlborough House, atlantic City, NJ.jpg|Marlborough House Hotel, Atlantic City, NJ (1902, demolished 1979).
File:Reeds 1424 Chestnut Philly.jpg|Reed's Sons Store, 1424 Chestnut, Philadelphia (1903).
File:Schoen Watertower.JPG|"Schönhaus" watertower and house, Rose Valley, PA (1904-05).
File:Media Armory PA.JPG|Media Armory
Media Armory
The Media Armory, located in Media, Pennsylvania, is a historical armory built in 1908 for company H of the 6th Infantry Regiment of the Pennsylvania National Guard. The building was originally used for training and the storage of arms and ammunition, but has been converted for use into a Trader...

, Media, PA (1908).
File:Auntie Bess Rose Valley.JPG|"Auntie Bess Warrington House," Rose Valley, PA (1908).
File:Roylencroft Rose Valley.JPG|"Roylencroft," Rose Valley, PA (1909).

External links

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