West Roxbury, Massachusetts
Encyclopedia
West Roxbury is a neighborhood in Boston
Boston
Boston is the capital of and largest city in Massachusetts, and is one of the oldest cities in the United States. The largest city in New England, Boston is regarded as the unofficial "Capital of New England" for its economic and cultural impact on the entire New England region. The city proper had...

 bordered by Roslindale to the north, the Town of Dedham to the east and south, the Town of Brookline and the City of Newton
Newton, Massachusetts
Newton is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States bordered to the east by Boston. According to the 2010 U.S. Census, the population of Newton was 85,146, making it the eleventh largest city in the state.-Villages:...

 to the west. Many people mistakenly confuse West Roxbury with Roxbury, but the two are not connected. West Roxbury is separated from Roxbury by Jamaica Plain and Roslindale. It is often referred to as a suburb within the city. Founded in 1630 (contemporaneously with West Roxbury, Massachusetts
Massachusetts
The Commonwealth of Massachusetts is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. It is bordered by Rhode Island and Connecticut to the south, New York to the west, and Vermont and New Hampshire to the north; at its east lies the Atlantic Ocean. As of the 2010...

 was originally part of the town of Roxbury
Roxbury, Massachusetts
Roxbury is a dissolved municipality and current neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts, United States. It was one of the first towns founded in the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630, and became a city in 1846 until annexed to Boston on January 5, 1868...

 and was mainly used as farmland. In the 19th century, Roxbury, Jamaica Plain, Roslindale and West Roxbury were all called Roxbury. They were later divided up into different neighborhoods, so modern day West Roxbury is at the western edge of what used to be Roxbury in the 19th century.

West Roxbury's main thoroughfare is Centre Street, lined with local restaurant
Restaurant
A restaurant is an establishment which prepares and serves food and drink to customers in return for money. Meals are generally served and eaten on premises, but many restaurants also offer take-out and food delivery services...

s and commercial establishments. Today, the neighborhood's tree-lined streets and mostly single family homes give it a suburban feel in an urban
Urban area
An urban area is characterized by higher population density and vast human features in comparison to areas surrounding it. Urban areas may be cities, towns or conurbations, but the term is not commonly extended to rural settlements such as villages and hamlets.Urban areas are created and further...

 setting. Life in the neighborhood centers on political and civic activism
Activism
Activism consists of intentional efforts to bring about social, political, economic, or environmental change. Activism can take a wide range of forms from writing letters to newspapers or politicians, political campaigning, economic activism such as boycotts or preferentially patronizing...

as well as local parish
Parish
A parish is a territorial unit historically under the pastoral care and clerical jurisdiction of one parish priest, who might be assisted in his pastoral duties by a curate or curates - also priests but not the parish priest - from a more or less central parish church with its associated organization...

es and youth athletic leagues
Sport
A Sport is all forms of physical activity which, through casual or organised participation, aim to use, maintain or improve physical fitness and provide entertainment to participants. Sport may be competitive, where a winner or winners can be identified by objective means, and may require a degree...

. West Roxbury is home to many of Boston's civil servants. The community boasts a significant proportion of persons of Irish
Irish people
The Irish people are an ethnic group who originate in Ireland, an island in northwestern Europe. Ireland has been populated for around 9,000 years , with the Irish people's earliest ancestors recorded having legends of being descended from groups such as the Nemedians, Fomorians, Fir Bolg, Tuatha...

 descent as well as a smaller number of more recent Irish immigrants.
The Roxbury Latin School
Roxbury Latin School
The Roxbury Latin School is the oldest school in continuous operation in North America. The school was founded in Roxbury, Massachusetts by the Rev. John Eliot under a charter received from King Charles I of England. Since its founding in 1645, it has educated boys on a continuous basis.Located...

, founded in 1645 is located on Saint Theresa Avenue in West Roxbury since 1927. The school's endowment is estimated at $
United States dollar
The United States dollar , also referred to as the American dollar, is the official currency of the United States of America. It is divided into 100 smaller units called cents or pennies....

143.8 million, the largest of any boys' school in the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...

. West Roxbury is home to District E-5 of the Boston Police Department
Boston Police Department
The Boston Police Department , created in 1838, holds the primary responsibility for law enforcement and investigation within the city of Boston, Massachusetts. It is one of the oldest police departments in the United States...

 and two Boston fire stations, Ladder 25 & Engine 30 on Centre Street and Engine 55 on Washington Street. The Needham Branch of the MBTA Commuter Rail network has three stations in West Roxbury (Bellevue
Bellevue (MBTA station)
Bellevue is a MBTA commuter rail station in West Roxbury, Massachusetts in Boston serving the Needham Line. -Connections:: Dedham Mall/stimson St. - Forest Hills Station Via Belgrade …: Charles River Loop Or V.a. Hospital - Forest Hills Sta. Via …: Baker & Vermont Sts. - Forest Hills Sta. Via...

, Highland
Highland (MBTA station)
Highland is a MBTA commuter rail station in West Roxbury, Massachusetts serving the Needham Line. -Connections:: Dedham Mall/stimson St. - Forest Hills Station Via Belgrade …: Charles River Loop Or V.a. Hospital - Forest Hills Sta. Via …: Baker & Vermont Sts. - Forest Hills Sta. Via Belgrade...

 and West Roxbury
West Roxbury (MBTA station)
West Roxbury is a MBTA commuter rail station serving the Needham Line. It was originally built by the Boston and Providence Railroad, and is located above a bridge over 450 Lagrange Street....

). Several MBTA bus lines run through and/or terminate in West Roxbury. A large Veterans Affairs
United States Department of Veterans Affairs
The United States Department of Veterans Affairs is a government-run military veteran benefit system with Cabinet-level status. It is the United States government’s second largest department, after the United States Department of Defense...

 hospital is located opposite the Charles River on the VFW Parkway near the Dedham line. This hospital has undergone several expansions over the last twenty years. West Roxbury is home to several houses of worship, including three Catholic parishes, several churches of various Protestant denominations and a Jewish temple.

The neighborhood was home to an experimental transcendentalist
Transcendentalism
Transcendentalism is a philosophical movement that developed in the 1830s and 1840s in the New England region of the United States as a protest against the general state of culture and society, and in particular, the state of intellectualism at Harvard University and the doctrine of the Unitarian...

 Utopia
Utopia
Utopia is an ideal community or society possessing a perfect socio-politico-legal system. The word was imported from Greek by Sir Thomas More for his 1516 book Utopia, describing a fictional island in the Atlantic Ocean. The term has been used to describe both intentional communities that attempt...

 community called Brook Farm
Brook Farm
Brook Farm, also called the Brook Farm Institute of Agriculture and Education or the Brook Farm Association for Industry and Education, was a utopian experiment in communal living in the United States in the 1840s...

, which attracted notable figures like Margaret Fuller and Nathaniel Hawthorne
Nathaniel Hawthorne
Nathaniel Hawthorne was an American novelist and short story writer.Nathaniel Hawthorne was born in 1804 in the city of Salem, Massachusetts to Nathaniel Hathorne and the former Elizabeth Clarke Manning. His ancestors include John Hathorne, a judge during the Salem Witch Trials...

 whose 1852 novel A Blithedale Romance, is based on his stay there. .

Like its neighboring communities, West Roxbury's residential development grew with the construction of the West Roxbury branch of the Boston and Providence Rail Road
Boston and Providence Rail Road
The Boston and Providence Railroad was an early US Railroad in New England, connecting Boston and Providence and is part of Amtrak's Northeast Corridor.-History:...

; the area grew further with the development of electric streetcars.

Demographics

The population has been declining for decades:

2000 Census 28,663 (28,753 4.9% of 589,141 citywide)
1990 Census 29,706 (29,706 5.2% of 574,383 citywide)
1980 Census 31,333
Population growth/decline, 1990–2000: -3.51%
Population growth/decline, 1980–1990: -5.19%

Theodore Parker Church

At Centre and Corey Streets, the Theodore Parker Church features seven stained glass windows made by the Tiffany Studios between 1894 and 1927. The original church, designed in 1890 by Alexander Wadsworth Longfellow, Jr.
Alexander Wadsworth Longfellow, Jr.
Alexander Wadsworth Longfellow, Jr. was an American architect and nephew of poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.-Biography:...

, is now a parish hall. Henry Seaver designed the current church in 1900. Theodore Parker
Theodore Parker
Theodore Parker was an American Transcendentalist and reforming minister of the Unitarian church...

 (1810–1860), an advocate of progressive religious ideas, abolitionism and women's suffrage, was minister of this Unitarian congregation from 1837 to 1846.

Westerly Burying Ground conflict and secession

Westerly Burying Ground, also known as Westerly Burial Ground, (currently at Centre and Lagrange Streets) was established in 1683 to permit local burial of residents of Jamaica Plain and the western end of Roxbury. When West Roxbury was still part of Roxbury, the town’s first burial place was today’s Eliot Burying Ground
Eliot Burying Ground
Eliot Burying Ground is an historic cemetery at Eustis and Washington Streetsin Boston, Massachusetts.Founded in 1630, the cemetery was added to the National Historic Register in 1974...

, near the present-day Dudley Square. This was a long distance to travel for the inhabitants of West Roxbury and in 1683 the town selectmen voted to establish a local burying place, now known as Westerly Burying Ground. A conflict between the rural and more urbanized parts of the town led to the split of West Roxbury from Roxbury proper in 1851. West Roxbury became part of the City of Boston on January 5, 1874. Westerly Burying Ground served as this community’s burial place well into the 19th century. The oldest graves contain many of the town’s earliest and most prominent families. Eight veterans of the American Revolution
American Revolution
The American Revolution was the political upheaval during the last half of the 18th century in which thirteen colonies in North America joined together to break free from the British Empire, combining to become the United States of America...

 and fifteen veterans of the American Civil War
American Civil War
The American Civil War was a civil war fought in the United States of America. In response to the election of Abraham Lincoln as President of the United States, 11 southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America ; the other 25...

 are also buried here.
War veterans interred are detailed in the article
“Westerly” and the Civil War.http://www.wrhistory.org/Text/Articles//HistWesterly_and_the_Civil_War.pdf
The site is significant for its large collection of three centuries of funerary art
Funerary art
Funerary art is any work of art forming, or placed in, a repository for the remains of the dead. Tomb is a general term for the repository, while grave goods are objects—other than the primary human remains—which have been placed inside...

. One-third of its extant gravestones date from the 18th century; almost half date from the 19th century and only about twenty bear 20th-century dates. Another distinguishing feature of Westerly Burying Ground is the number of individual mound tombs found here. Mound tombs at other burying grounds are typically larger, built to contain a number of bodies. The oldest gravestone, from 1691, commemorates James and Merriam Draper, members of a prominent West Roxbury family. Headstones provide an historic record of three centuries of West Roxbury residents and also illustrate the skills of local stone carvers.

Boston United Hand in Hand Cemetery

Boston United Hand in Hand Cemetery is located on Centre Street straddling the Dedham
Dedham, Massachusetts
Dedham is a town in and the county seat of Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 24,729 at the 2010 census. It is located on Boston's southwest border. On the northwest it is bordered by Needham, on the southwest by Westwood and on the southeast by...

 line. Dating back to 1875, the original plot was full by 1896 but subsequently expanded multiple times. There are graves as recent as 1980 in the West Roxbury portion; the Dedham portion is still active. Chestnut Hill's Congregation Mishka Tefila currently owns the property.

Government and infrastructure

The United States Postal Service
United States Postal Service
The United States Postal Service is an independent agency of the United States government responsible for providing postal service in the United States...

 operates the West Roxbury Post Office in West Roxbury.

Primary and secondary schools

Boston Public Schools
Boston Public Schools
Boston Public Schools is a school district serving the city of Boston, Massachusetts, United States.-Leadership:The district is led by a Superintendent, hired by the Boston School Committee, a seven-member school board appointed by the Mayor after approval by a nominating committee of specified...

 operates public schools. Ludwig van Beethoven Elementary School, William Ohrenberger School, Joyce Kilmer K-8 School, and Patrick Lyndon K-8 School are in West Roxbury. Three schools in the West Roxbury Education Complex, Media Communications Technology High School, Parkway Academy of Technology and Health, and the Urban Science Academy are located in West Roxbury.

The Roxbury Latin School
Roxbury Latin School
The Roxbury Latin School is the oldest school in continuous operation in North America. The school was founded in Roxbury, Massachusetts by the Rev. John Eliot under a charter received from King Charles I of England. Since its founding in 1645, it has educated boys on a continuous basis.Located...

, a private school for boys, is located in West Roxbury. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the New England region of the United States. It comprises several counties of the state of Massachusetts...

 operates the Holy Name Parish School as well as the St. Theresa of Avila School in West Roxbury.

Public libraries

Boston Public Library
Boston Public Library
The Boston Public Library is a municipal public library system in Boston, Massachusetts, United States. It was the first publicly supported municipal library in the United States, the first large library open to the public in the United States, and the first public library to allow people to...

 operates the West Roxbury Branch Library. In 1876 the city library took over the West Roxbury Free Library, establishing a delivery station in West Roxbury. The West Roxbury facility was upgraded to a library branch in 1896. In the years of 1921 and 1922 a library building was constructed on the West Roxbury Branch Library current site. In 1977, a fire destroyed the adjacent West Roxbury Congregational Church. The land formerly occupied by the church was donated to the trustees of the library system so an addition could be built. The addition opened to the public on September 24, 1989.

Events

The Corrib Classic 5K Road Race is held annually at Billings Field, LaGrange Street, the first Sunday in June. Since starting in 1994 with 250 runners the event has grown into the largest community event, attracting about 2000 runners, plus event volunteers, families and friends. Centre Street is briefly closed during the race. It is a benefit event hosted by the Bligh family of the adjacent Corrib Pub and Restaurant that has raised over half a million dollars over the years for a variety of local causes.

The Parkway Little League Parade, is a small family fun oriented event to start little league baseball for the areas of West Roxbury and Roslindale. Young baseball players dress up in their team uniforms and march from Fallon field in Roslindale to the Guy Cammarata Complex in West Roxbury.

Notable natives

  • Edward Downes
  • Anthony Michael Hall
    Anthony Michael Hall
    Michael Anthony Hall , known professionally as Anthony Michael Hall, is an American actor, film producer and director who starred in several teen-oriented films of the 1980s. Hall began his career in commercials and on stage as a child, and made his screen debut in 1980...

  • Patrick DeCoste
    Patrick DeCoste
    Patrick DeCoste is an American rock guitarist.-Biography:Patrick DeCoste began playing guitar at the age of 13 at a local music store in West Roxbury, MA and then went on to study at the Boston Conservatory of Music's & Berklee College of Music's &...

  • Robert A. Ward
    Robert A. Ward
    In February 2002, Rev. Robert A. Ward was one of the many priests accused of child molesting during the Catholic sex abuse cases scandal.Records show that the archdiocese knew at least as early as 1995 that the pastor used cocaine and had been treated for drug abuse...

  • Robert Gould Shaw
    Robert Gould Shaw
    Robert Gould Shaw was an American officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War. As colonel, he commanded the all-black 54th Regiment, which entered the war in 1863. He was killed in the Second Battle of Fort Wagner, near Charleston, South Carolina...

  • Francis A. Sullivan
    Francis A. Sullivan
    Francis Aloysius Sullivan, S.J. is an American Catholic theologian and a Jesuit priest. He is best known for his research in the area of ecclesiology and the magisterium.- Early Life and Jesuit Formation :...

  • Francis Joseph
    Francis Joseph
    Francis Joseph is an English former professional association football player. He played for Wimbledon, Brentford, Reading, Bristol Rovers, Aldershot, Sheffield United, Crewe Alexandra, Barnet and Gillingham between 1980 and 1992.His younger brother is Roger Joseph....

  • Willis Lent
    Willis Lent
    Willis Ashford Lent , nicknamed "Pilly", was a rear admiral in the United States Navy. Serving as commanding officer of the Tambor class submarine USS Triton during the Second World War, Lent made the first torpedo attack against the Japanese of the war.-Early life:Lent was born in West Roxbury,...

  • Chris Nilan
    Chris Nilan
    Christopher John Nilan is a retired professional ice hockey player. Nilan played 688 NHL regular season games as a right-wing for the Montreal Canadiens, Boston Bruins, and New York Rangers between 1980 and 1992. He won the Stanley Cup in 1986 with Montreal...

    , former NHL player and coach.
  • Richard Olney
    Richard Olney
    Richard Olney was an American statesman. He served as both United States Attorney General and Secretary of State under President Grover Cleveland. As attorney general, Olney used injunctions against striking workers in the Pullman strike, setting a precedent, and advised the use of federal troops,...

    , former United States Attorney General and Secretary of State.
  • Dan Kiley
    Dan Kiley
    Daniel Urban Kiley was a noted American landscape architect in the modernist style.- Life and career :Kiley was born in Boston, Massachusetts...

    , modernist landscape architect
  • Ellery Clark
    Ellery Clark
    Ellery Harding Clark was an American athlete. He was the first modern Olympic champion in high jump and long jump.-Biography:...

    , US olympic champion, Athens 1896.
  • Taylor Schilling
    Taylor Schilling
    Taylor Schilling is an American actress.She is the daughter of Robert Schilling, a prosecutor, and Tish Schilling. She grew up in West Roxbury and Wayland, splitting time between her parents, who are divorced....

    , Actress
  • Thomas G. Kelley
    Thomas G. Kelley
    -External links:* at the Pritzker Military Library...

    , Medal Of Honor Recipient (Vietnam War)
  • William Martin (novelist)
    William Martin (novelist)
    William Martin is an American author of historical novels, native of Boston, MA.- Biography :William Martin grew up in West Roxbury and Roslindale, Massachusetts, and graduated from Harvard University in 1972 where he majored in English...

  • Joe Nash
    Joe Nash
    Joseph Andrew Nash is a former professional American football player. He played his entire career with the Seattle Seahawks of the National Football League as a defensive tackle from 1982 to 1996...

    , former NFL player.
  • Kevin Walker, rapper

Sites of interest

  • The Roxbury Latin School
  • Holy Name Parish School
    Holy Name Parish School
    Holy Name Parish School is a Catholic school in West Roxbury, Massachusetts which was founded by Holy Name Parish Church. Grades K–6-External links:*...

  • Saint Teresa of Ávila Church (Roman Catholic)
  • Westerly Burial Ground
    Westerly Burial Ground
    Westerly Burial Ground is an historic cemetery on Centre Street in West Roxbury, Massachusetts. It was established in 1683...

  • Catholic Memorial School
  • Theodore Parker
    Theodore Parker
    Theodore Parker was an American Transcendentalist and reforming minister of the Unitarian church...

     Church
  • Holy Name Church (Roman Catholic)
  • Boston Public Library
    Boston Public Library
    The Boston Public Library is a municipal public library system in Boston, Massachusetts, United States. It was the first publicly supported municipal library in the United States, the first large library open to the public in the United States, and the first public library to allow people to...

     West Roxbury Branch
  • Millennium Park
  • Brook Farm
    Brook Farm
    Brook Farm, also called the Brook Farm Institute of Agriculture and Education or the Brook Farm Association for Industry and Education, was a utopian experiment in communal living in the United States in the 1840s...

     -- 1840s utopian experiment in communal living
  • City of Boston Archives
    City of Boston Archives
    The City of Boston Archives are located in West Roxbury, MA, and are the repository for all official records that must be kept to honor both the history of the municipal government in Boston and the legal rights of its citizens. The City Archives were established in 1988...

  • Billings Field
  • Veterans Administration
    United States Department of Veterans Affairs
    The United States Department of Veterans Affairs is a government-run military veteran benefit system with Cabinet-level status. It is the United States government’s second largest department, after the United States Department of Defense...

     Hospital

Further reading

  • Sammarco, Anthony Mitchell, West Roxbury, Portsmouth, NH : Arcadia Publishing
    Arcadia Publishing
    Arcadia Publishing is an American publisher of local history.-History:It was founded in Dover, New Hampshire in 1993 by United Kingdom-based Tempus Publishing, but became independent in 2004....

    , Then & Now series, 2003, 96 pages. ISBN 0738512478. 2004, 128 pages.
A hundred comparative historic photos, 1850–2000, of the area around Centre Street.
  • Sammarco, Anthony Mitchell, West Roxbury, Arcadia Publishing, Images of America series, 1997, 128 pages.
  • von Hoffman, Alexander, Local Attachments, The Making of an American Urban Neighborhood (Jamaica Plain, Boston) Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore MD, 1994. ISBN 0-8018-5393-1 (paperback) 311 pages.

External links

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
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