Warsaw Lyceum
Encyclopedia
The Warsaw Lyceum was a secondary school
that existed in Warsaw
, under the Kingdom of Prussia
and under the Kingdom of Poland
, from 1804 to its closing in 1831 by Imperial Russia following the Polish November 1830 Uprising
.
as a German language
school in Warsaw
as part of its Germanization efforts , which had become part of New East Prussia
following the 1795 Third Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Already in the Second Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
(1793), Prussia had acquired South Prussia
, and had established a branch of their Cadet Corps
schools in Kalisch
. In 1804, in Warsaw, a humanistic secondary school
for boys was opened, divided according to the Prussian educational model into six classes, plus two preparatory ones. In German
, it taught Latin, Greek, German and French, philosophy, ethics, mathematics and natural sciences, and (in Polish) the Polish language
.
Samuel Linde
was appointed director of the Warsaw Lyceum. The Evangelical-Augsburg Lutheran from Thorn
in Royal Prussia
had studied theology and philology at the University of Leipzig
, and had taught Polish there. From 1795 he had been librarian to Józef Maksymilian Ossoliński
, and had gathered material for his future dictionary of the Polish language, Słownik języka polskiego, a six-volume monolingual dictionary which he published in Warsaw in 1807–14. Linde faced difficulties in organizing the school with Prussian authorities insisting that the facility should serve Germanization
Following Napoleon's victory over Prussia, in 1807 Warsaw became the capital of the Duchy of Warsaw
. With Linde continuing as the Lyceum's director, the school was now modeled after the French system, while Polish
replaced German as the primary language of instruction at the Liceum Warszawskie.
The school was initially located in the leased north wing of the Saxon Palace, named after and owned by the German House of Wettin. Two Wettin Electors of Saxony had been kings of Poland between 1697 and 1763, and a third Saxon ruled the Duchy of Warsaw
from 1807 until Napoleon's defeat in 1814.
One of the teachers of French language
was, from October 1810, Nicolas Chopin, father of Frédéric Chopin
. The young composer was one of the Lyceum's most famous pupils, beginning his studies there in the autumn of 1823.
Samuel Linde remained the Lyceum's director when the city, in 1815, came under Russian control as part of the Kingdom of Poland
.
In 1817 the Saxon Palace was requisitioned for military use, and the Lyceum was moved to the Kazimierz Palace. The latter had, until 1795, hosted the Warsaw Corps of Cadets, and in 1816 had been made the home of the newly established University of Warsaw
. (The Kazimierz Palace currently houses the Warsaw University rectorate.)
When the November 1830 Uprising
was suppressed in 1831, the Russian Empire
regained control of Warsaw, and the Warsaw Lyceum was closed.
Secondary school
Secondary school is a term used to describe an educational institution where the final stage of schooling, known as secondary education and usually compulsory up to a specified age, takes place...
that existed in Warsaw
Warsaw
Warsaw is the capital and largest city of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River, roughly from the Baltic Sea and from the Carpathian Mountains. Its population in 2010 was estimated at 1,716,855 residents with a greater metropolitan area of 2,631,902 residents, making Warsaw the 10th most...
, under the Kingdom of Prussia
Kingdom of Prussia
The Kingdom of Prussia was a German kingdom from 1701 to 1918. Until the defeat of Germany in World War I, it comprised almost two-thirds of the area of the German Empire...
and under the Kingdom of Poland
Congress Poland
The Kingdom of Poland , informally known as Congress Poland , created in 1815 by the Congress of Vienna, was a personal union of the Russian parcel of Poland with the Russian Empire...
, from 1804 to its closing in 1831 by Imperial Russia following the Polish November 1830 Uprising
November Uprising
The November Uprising , Polish–Russian War 1830–31 also known as the Cadet Revolution, was an armed rebellion in the heartland of partitioned Poland against the Russian Empire. The uprising began on 29 November 1830 in Warsaw when the young Polish officers from the local Army of the Congress...
.
History
The Warsaw Lyceum was founded in 1804 by the Kingdom of PrussiaKingdom of Prussia
The Kingdom of Prussia was a German kingdom from 1701 to 1918. Until the defeat of Germany in World War I, it comprised almost two-thirds of the area of the German Empire...
as a German language
German language
German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....
school in Warsaw
Warsaw
Warsaw is the capital and largest city of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River, roughly from the Baltic Sea and from the Carpathian Mountains. Its population in 2010 was estimated at 1,716,855 residents with a greater metropolitan area of 2,631,902 residents, making Warsaw the 10th most...
as part of its Germanization efforts , which had become part of New East Prussia
New East Prussia
New East Prussia was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1795 to 1807. It was created out of territory annexed in the Third Partition of Poland and included parts of Masovia and Podlaskie...
following the 1795 Third Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Already in the Second Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Second Partition of Poland
The 1793 Second Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was the second of three partitions that ended the existence of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795. The second partition occurred in the aftermath of the War in Defense of the Constitution and the Targowica Confederation of 1792...
(1793), Prussia had acquired South Prussia
South Prussia
South Prussia was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1793 to 1807. It was created out of territory annexed in the Second Partition of Poland and included in 1793*the Poznań, Kalisz and Gniezno Voivodeships of Greater Poland;...
, and had established a branch of their Cadet Corps
Cadet Corps
Cadet Corps is a type of a military school for young boys. Although initially such military schools admitted only children of the nobles or gentry, with time many of them were also opened to other classes....
schools in Kalisch
Kalisz
Kalisz is a city in central Poland with 106,857 inhabitants , the capital city of the Kalisz Region. Situated on the Prosna river in the southeastern part of the Greater Poland Voivodeship, the city forms a conurbation with the nearby towns of Ostrów Wielkopolski and Nowe Skalmierzyce...
. In 1804, in Warsaw, a humanistic secondary school
Secondary school
Secondary school is a term used to describe an educational institution where the final stage of schooling, known as secondary education and usually compulsory up to a specified age, takes place...
for boys was opened, divided according to the Prussian educational model into six classes, plus two preparatory ones. In German
German language
German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....
, it taught Latin, Greek, German and French, philosophy, ethics, mathematics and natural sciences, and (in Polish) the Polish language
Polish language
Polish is a language of the Lechitic subgroup of West Slavic languages, used throughout Poland and by Polish minorities in other countries...
.
Samuel Linde
Samuel Linde
Samuel Bogumił Linde was a linguist, librarian, and lexicographer of the Polish language. He was director of the Prussian-founded Warsaw Lyceum during its existence , and an important figure of the Polish Enlightenment.-Life:Samuel Gottlieb Linde was born in Toruń, Royal Prussia, a province of the...
was appointed director of the Warsaw Lyceum. The Evangelical-Augsburg Lutheran from Thorn
Torun
Toruń is an ancient city in northern Poland, on the Vistula River. Its population is more than 205,934 as of June 2009. Toruń is one of the oldest cities in Poland. The medieval old town of Toruń is the birthplace of the astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus....
in Royal Prussia
Royal Prussia
Royal Prussia was a Region of the Kingdom of Poland and of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth . Polish Prussia included Pomerelia, Chełmno Land , Malbork Voivodeship , Gdańsk , Toruń , and Elbląg . It is distinguished from Ducal Prussia...
had studied theology and philology at the University of Leipzig
University of Leipzig
The University of Leipzig , located in Leipzig in the Free State of Saxony, Germany, is one of the oldest universities in the world and the second-oldest university in Germany...
, and had taught Polish there. From 1795 he had been librarian to Józef Maksymilian Ossoliński
Józef Maksymilian Ossolinski
Count Józef Maksymilian Ossoliński was a Polish noble , politician, writer, researcher of literature, and founder of the Ossoliński Institute....
, and had gathered material for his future dictionary of the Polish language, Słownik języka polskiego, a six-volume monolingual dictionary which he published in Warsaw in 1807–14. Linde faced difficulties in organizing the school with Prussian authorities insisting that the facility should serve Germanization
Duchy of Warsaw
The Duchy of Warsaw was a Polish state established by Napoleon I in 1807 from the Polish lands ceded by the Kingdom of Prussia under the terms of the Treaties of Tilsit. The duchy was held in personal union by one of Napoleon's allies, King Frederick Augustus I of Saxony...
. With Linde continuing as the Lyceum's director, the school was now modeled after the French system, while Polish
Polish language
Polish is a language of the Lechitic subgroup of West Slavic languages, used throughout Poland and by Polish minorities in other countries...
replaced German as the primary language of instruction at the Liceum Warszawskie.
The school was initially located in the leased north wing of the Saxon Palace, named after and owned by the German House of Wettin. Two Wettin Electors of Saxony had been kings of Poland between 1697 and 1763, and a third Saxon ruled the Duchy of Warsaw
Duchy of Warsaw
The Duchy of Warsaw was a Polish state established by Napoleon I in 1807 from the Polish lands ceded by the Kingdom of Prussia under the terms of the Treaties of Tilsit. The duchy was held in personal union by one of Napoleon's allies, King Frederick Augustus I of Saxony...
from 1807 until Napoleon's defeat in 1814.
One of the teachers of French language
French language
French is a Romance language spoken as a first language in France, the Romandy region in Switzerland, Wallonia and Brussels in Belgium, Monaco, the regions of Quebec and Acadia in Canada, and by various communities elsewhere. Second-language speakers of French are distributed throughout many parts...
was, from October 1810, Nicolas Chopin, father of Frédéric Chopin
Frédéric Chopin
Frédéric François Chopin was a Polish composer and virtuoso pianist. He is considered one of the great masters of Romantic music and has been called "the poet of the piano"....
. The young composer was one of the Lyceum's most famous pupils, beginning his studies there in the autumn of 1823.
Samuel Linde remained the Lyceum's director when the city, in 1815, came under Russian control as part of the Kingdom of Poland
Congress Poland
The Kingdom of Poland , informally known as Congress Poland , created in 1815 by the Congress of Vienna, was a personal union of the Russian parcel of Poland with the Russian Empire...
.
In 1817 the Saxon Palace was requisitioned for military use, and the Lyceum was moved to the Kazimierz Palace. The latter had, until 1795, hosted the Warsaw Corps of Cadets, and in 1816 had been made the home of the newly established University of Warsaw
University of Warsaw
The University of Warsaw is the largest university in Poland and one of the most prestigious, ranked as best Polish university in 2010 and 2011...
. (The Kazimierz Palace currently houses the Warsaw University rectorate.)
When the November 1830 Uprising
November Uprising
The November Uprising , Polish–Russian War 1830–31 also known as the Cadet Revolution, was an armed rebellion in the heartland of partitioned Poland against the Russian Empire. The uprising began on 29 November 1830 in Warsaw when the young Polish officers from the local Army of the Congress...
was suppressed in 1831, the Russian Empire
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...
regained control of Warsaw, and the Warsaw Lyceum was closed.
Alumni
- Frédéric ChopinFrédéric ChopinFrédéric François Chopin was a Polish composer and virtuoso pianist. He is considered one of the great masters of Romantic music and has been called "the poet of the piano"....
- Julian FontanaJulian FontanaJulian Fontana was a Polish pianist, composer, lawyer, author, translator, and entrepreneur, best remembered as a close friend and musical executor of Frédéric Chopin.-Biography:...
- Kajetan GarbińskiKajetan GarbinskiKajetan Garbiński was a Polish mathematician and prominent professor at the University of Warsaw. Minister of religion and education in the revolutionary Polish National Government during the November Uprising in 1831....
- Stefan Garczyński
- Oskar KolbergOskar KolbergHenryk Oskar Kolberg, , was a Polish ethnographer, folklorist, and composer.- Life :He was born in Przysucha, the son of Juliusz Kolberg, a professor at Warsaw University, and Fryderyka Mercoeur...
- Aleksander Albert KrajewskiAleksander Albert KrajewskiAleksander Albert Krajewski was a Polish publicist and translator. For activity in Polish nationalist organizations sentenced to katorga by Russian Empire in 1838; returned after the amnesty of 1858. His translations include Goethe's Faust, works of Roman poet Horace and British poet George Gordon...
- Zygmunt KrasińskiZygmunt KrasinskiCount Napoleon Stanisław Adam Ludwig Zygmunt Krasiński , a Polish count, is traditionally ranked with Mickiewicz and Słowacki as one of Poland's Three National Bards — the trio of great Romantic poets who influenced national consciousness during the period of Poland's political bondage.-Life and...
- Leopold KronenbergLeopold KronenbergBaron Leopold Julian Kronenberg was a Polish banker.-Life:Kronenberg was born the son of banker and railroad tycoon Leopold Kronenberg and his wife Rozalia Leo. Both parents came from Jewish families which had converted to Protestantism—the Kronenbergs, to Calvinism...
- Juliusz Konstanty Ordon
- Kazimierz WoydaKazimierz WoydaKazimierz Woyda was the President of Warsaw....