Walsall Arboretum
Encyclopedia
Walsall Arboretum is a Victorian
public park located very close to Walsall
town centre in the West Midlands
. Part of the park and surrounding housing are covered by the Arboretum conservation area
.
, a royal hunting ground. The land was owned by the Reynold family, and was passed down through a series of marriages. The land was inherited by John Persehouse in 1768. On Richard Persehouse's death, the land was passed down to his godson John Walhouse who started to mine limestone from the area. The limestone mines were recorded as being in the owner ship of Walhouse in 1813. Walhouse died in 1835 and his nephew dward Littleton, 1st Baron Hatherton|Edward John Littleton, né Walhouse, inherited the estate. Littleton was also the heir to the extensive properties of the Littleton Baronets
and that year became the 1st Baron Hatherton
. Due to the cost of pumping the water out of the limestone pits, mining was discontinued and the pits were allowed to flood. The lakes that were created were then used for boating, fishing and, in Winter months, skating. In 1845, the lakes were the location of the deaths of two men. The Mayor of Walsall was taking an evening swim in the lake when he drowned. Another man drowned whilst searching for his body.
In 1848, John Eglington, a local surveyor, valued the estate at £160,000. In the 1860s, E. A. Foden first mooted the idea of turning the estate into a park and in 1871, the Walsall Arboretum and Lake Company was formed and issued a prospectus for shareholders describing the principal features. In 1873, a lease was drawn up for the creating of a park and the flooding of more land. The Arboretum was officially opened on May 4, 1874 by Lady Hatherton. The park consisted of two lakes, two lodges, a boathouse, bandstand, several summerhouses, a tree lined promenade, space for dancing, a flagpole, croquet lawns and a cricket ground. On May 20, 1875, severe weather caused extensive damage to the lake area.
Visitor numbers started to fall as a result of complaints over the lack of provision for children's activities. A cycle track was opened in 1876 as an attempt at boosting visitor numbers, however, in 1877, the company went into liquidation and the lease was surrendered to Lord Hatherton and a management committee of local businessmen took over. On September 4, 1877, an Article of Agreement stated that the land should only be used as a park. In the following year, a steam boat named "Lady of the Lake" was launched. In 1880, Thomas Everton was appointed the first park keeper and he moved into the main lodge. Heavy rain caused flooding and damage to the cycle track on October 27, 1880.
Due to public demand, the town council took over the Arboretum in 1881 on a three year lease. Admissions became free. The park was officially re-opened on July 21, 1884 as the council's first "people's park". In 1885, bathing, boating, fishing and skating were banned from the lake, although fishing was allowed by permit. In January 1886, skating and curling were allowed. In May 1886, heavy rain caused more flooding and this caused the "Lady of the Lake" to sink. In 1889, the park received a cash injection which was used to improve the cycle path, greenhouse, lodges and flower beds.
In 1890, talks began between the town's clerk and Lord Hatherton to extend the Arboretum by another 13 acres (52,609.2 m²). A brick bridge was constructed over the Hoar Brook, replacing a timber one. The extension of the park was approved in 1891, although a proposed swimming baths was rejected. The extension was officially opened in 1892 and consisted of an outdoor gym for young people. Boating was reinstated on Hatherton Lake. In 1899, the bandstand was reconstructed.
In 1900, H. E. Lavender was selected in a competition to design a pavilion to include refreshment room accommodation. The pavilion was completed and opened in May 1902. In 1904, stocks
were moved from the High Street to the lake area. In 1908, significant maintenance work was carried out on the park which included the laying of new turf, reparation of the stocks and the concreting of part of the course of Hoar Brook. Construction commenced in 1912 on new outdoor swimming pools beside the brook.
During World War I
, the park was used to grow potatoes and timber which was supplied to the Walsall War Agricultural Committee. The Women's Volunteer Reserve helped with park maintenance. Construction of the new outdoor swimming pools was put on hold until 1919.
In 1922, a further 20 acres (80,937.2 m²) were added to the park, mostly by Featherstone-Dilke, on the condition that its development should provide work for the unemployed. In 1923, the park was visited by the Prince of Wales
to pay tribute to ex-servicemen. In April 1924, a new bandstand was opened in the park. Two tubular swings, two giant strides and a merry-go-round were acquired from Johnson Bros and Co Ltd. in 1924 and added to the park, which was also extended by a further 5 acres (20,234.3 m²) following the purchase of land from Mr Mellish. It was extended again in 1930 with the donation of 20 acres (80,937.2 m²) of land by Featherstone-Dilke. In 1931, the Pavilion Refreshment Room closed and was reopened in 1936 as the Joseph Leckie Sons of Rest, a social club for elderly men. In 1935, 50 acres (202,343 m²) of land were purchased from Fred Smith.
During World War II
, 100 allotment plots were provided. The water level in Hatherton Lake was raised in preparation for fire fighting following bombing raids. In 1952, 15 acres (60,702.9 m²) of land were purchased to connect the park to the canal. The open air baths were closed and filled in in 1956. A garden for the blind by the Lichfield Street lodge, on a former bowling green, was opened in 1958.
In 1965, exploration began for underground tunnels connecting the Littleton Street mine workings, however none were found. In 1967, proposals for a new roundabout and flyover scheme that would have demolished the Clock Tower and lodge were rejected due to public pressure. In 1972, a proposal by Featherstone-Dilke to construct housing on the northern edge of the park was rejected following a public enquiry. On April 19, 1989, 31.32ha
of land consisting of the original Arboretum and surrounding housing was designated a conservation area
.
In 1995, a Charter Mark was awarded to the Arboretum for excellence and diversity in the services it offered. It was re-awarded in 1999 and in the same year, a rare species of white-clawed crayfish was discovered in Hatherton Lake.
The park is home to over 200 species of tree and shrub.
In February 2009 it was announced that the Illuminations would be switched off for the next 3 years due to financial constraints and a major redevelopment of the Arboretum. It was hoped they would return for 2012. http://www.expressandstar.com/2009/02/24/lights-axed-due-to-120k-losses/, however this may now not happen. http://www.expressandstar.com/news/2010/01/16/illuminations-scrapped-for-good/
Victorian era
The Victorian era of British history was the period of Queen Victoria's reign from 20 June 1837 until her death on 22 January 1901. It was a long period of peace, prosperity, refined sensibilities and national self-confidence...
public park located very close to Walsall
Walsall
Walsall is a large industrial town in the West Midlands of England. It is located northwest of Birmingham and east of Wolverhampton. Historically a part of Staffordshire, Walsall is a component area of the West Midlands conurbation and part of the Black Country.Walsall is the administrative...
town centre in the West Midlands
West Midlands (county)
The West Midlands is a metropolitan county in western central England with a 2009 estimated population of 2,638,700. It came into existence as a metropolitan county in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972, formed from parts of Staffordshire, Worcestershire and Warwickshire. The...
. Part of the park and surrounding housing are covered by the Arboretum conservation area
Conservation area
A conservation areas is a tract of land that has been awarded protected status in order to ensure that natural features, cultural heritage or biota are safeguarded...
.
17th-19th centuries
Up until the 17th century, the Walsall Arboretum marked part of the southern boundary to Cannock ForestCannock Chase
Cannock Chase is a mixed area of countryside in the county of Staffordshire, England. The area has been designated as the Cannock Chase Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The Chase gives its name to the Cannock Chase local government district....
, a royal hunting ground. The land was owned by the Reynold family, and was passed down through a series of marriages. The land was inherited by John Persehouse in 1768. On Richard Persehouse's death, the land was passed down to his godson John Walhouse who started to mine limestone from the area. The limestone mines were recorded as being in the owner ship of Walhouse in 1813. Walhouse died in 1835 and his nephew dward Littleton, 1st Baron Hatherton|Edward John Littleton, né Walhouse, inherited the estate. Littleton was also the heir to the extensive properties of the Littleton Baronets
Littleton Baronets
Two Baronetcies have been created in the Baronetage of England for members of the Littleton family.The Littleton family had their origins in South Lyttleton, near Evesham, Worcestershire. Thomas de Littleton was appointed a judge at the Court of Common Pleas in 1464 and was created a Knight of the...
and that year became the 1st Baron Hatherton
Baron Hatherton
Baron Hatherton, of Hatherton in the County of Stafford, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1835 for the politician Edward Littleton, Chief Secretary for Ireland from 1833 to 1834...
. Due to the cost of pumping the water out of the limestone pits, mining was discontinued and the pits were allowed to flood. The lakes that were created were then used for boating, fishing and, in Winter months, skating. In 1845, the lakes were the location of the deaths of two men. The Mayor of Walsall was taking an evening swim in the lake when he drowned. Another man drowned whilst searching for his body.
In 1848, John Eglington, a local surveyor, valued the estate at £160,000. In the 1860s, E. A. Foden first mooted the idea of turning the estate into a park and in 1871, the Walsall Arboretum and Lake Company was formed and issued a prospectus for shareholders describing the principal features. In 1873, a lease was drawn up for the creating of a park and the flooding of more land. The Arboretum was officially opened on May 4, 1874 by Lady Hatherton. The park consisted of two lakes, two lodges, a boathouse, bandstand, several summerhouses, a tree lined promenade, space for dancing, a flagpole, croquet lawns and a cricket ground. On May 20, 1875, severe weather caused extensive damage to the lake area.
Visitor numbers started to fall as a result of complaints over the lack of provision for children's activities. A cycle track was opened in 1876 as an attempt at boosting visitor numbers, however, in 1877, the company went into liquidation and the lease was surrendered to Lord Hatherton and a management committee of local businessmen took over. On September 4, 1877, an Article of Agreement stated that the land should only be used as a park. In the following year, a steam boat named "Lady of the Lake" was launched. In 1880, Thomas Everton was appointed the first park keeper and he moved into the main lodge. Heavy rain caused flooding and damage to the cycle track on October 27, 1880.
Due to public demand, the town council took over the Arboretum in 1881 on a three year lease. Admissions became free. The park was officially re-opened on July 21, 1884 as the council's first "people's park". In 1885, bathing, boating, fishing and skating were banned from the lake, although fishing was allowed by permit. In January 1886, skating and curling were allowed. In May 1886, heavy rain caused more flooding and this caused the "Lady of the Lake" to sink. In 1889, the park received a cash injection which was used to improve the cycle path, greenhouse, lodges and flower beds.
In 1890, talks began between the town's clerk and Lord Hatherton to extend the Arboretum by another 13 acres (52,609.2 m²). A brick bridge was constructed over the Hoar Brook, replacing a timber one. The extension of the park was approved in 1891, although a proposed swimming baths was rejected. The extension was officially opened in 1892 and consisted of an outdoor gym for young people. Boating was reinstated on Hatherton Lake. In 1899, the bandstand was reconstructed.
20th century
Stocks
Stocks are devices used in the medieval and colonial American times as a form of physical punishment involving public humiliation. The stocks partially immobilized its victims and they were often exposed in a public place such as the site of a market to the scorn of those who passed by...
were moved from the High Street to the lake area. In 1908, significant maintenance work was carried out on the park which included the laying of new turf, reparation of the stocks and the concreting of part of the course of Hoar Brook. Construction commenced in 1912 on new outdoor swimming pools beside the brook.
During World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
, the park was used to grow potatoes and timber which was supplied to the Walsall War Agricultural Committee. The Women's Volunteer Reserve helped with park maintenance. Construction of the new outdoor swimming pools was put on hold until 1919.
In 1922, a further 20 acres (80,937.2 m²) were added to the park, mostly by Featherstone-Dilke, on the condition that its development should provide work for the unemployed. In 1923, the park was visited by the Prince of Wales
Prince of Wales
Prince of Wales is a title traditionally granted to the heir apparent to the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the 15 other independent Commonwealth realms...
to pay tribute to ex-servicemen. In April 1924, a new bandstand was opened in the park. Two tubular swings, two giant strides and a merry-go-round were acquired from Johnson Bros and Co Ltd. in 1924 and added to the park, which was also extended by a further 5 acres (20,234.3 m²) following the purchase of land from Mr Mellish. It was extended again in 1930 with the donation of 20 acres (80,937.2 m²) of land by Featherstone-Dilke. In 1931, the Pavilion Refreshment Room closed and was reopened in 1936 as the Joseph Leckie Sons of Rest, a social club for elderly men. In 1935, 50 acres (202,343 m²) of land were purchased from Fred Smith.
During World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
, 100 allotment plots were provided. The water level in Hatherton Lake was raised in preparation for fire fighting following bombing raids. In 1952, 15 acres (60,702.9 m²) of land were purchased to connect the park to the canal. The open air baths were closed and filled in in 1956. A garden for the blind by the Lichfield Street lodge, on a former bowling green, was opened in 1958.
In 1965, exploration began for underground tunnels connecting the Littleton Street mine workings, however none were found. In 1967, proposals for a new roundabout and flyover scheme that would have demolished the Clock Tower and lodge were rejected due to public pressure. In 1972, a proposal by Featherstone-Dilke to construct housing on the northern edge of the park was rejected following a public enquiry. On April 19, 1989, 31.32ha
Hectare
The hectare is a metric unit of area defined as 10,000 square metres , and primarily used in the measurement of land. In 1795, when the metric system was introduced, the are was defined as being 100 square metres and the hectare was thus 100 ares or 1/100 km2...
of land consisting of the original Arboretum and surrounding housing was designated a conservation area
Conservation area
A conservation areas is a tract of land that has been awarded protected status in order to ensure that natural features, cultural heritage or biota are safeguarded...
.
In 1995, a Charter Mark was awarded to the Arboretum for excellence and diversity in the services it offered. It was re-awarded in 1999 and in the same year, a rare species of white-clawed crayfish was discovered in Hatherton Lake.
Geography
The Arboretum has an area of over 80 acres (323,748.8 m²). It comprises a number of distinct areas, including:- A boating lake
- A bowling green and club house
- Several acres of open playing fields
- A municipal golf course
- A children's play area
The park is home to over 200 species of tree and shrub.
Walsall Illuminations
The Arboretum hosts the Walsall Illuminations, a popular tourist attraction, which are held each Autumn for six weeks. The first show was held in 1951 by the Festival Committee, although illuminations have taken place at the park since 1875 when candles were placed in coloured jars. The illuminations were also held in 1975, despite a national energy crisis.In February 2009 it was announced that the Illuminations would be switched off for the next 3 years due to financial constraints and a major redevelopment of the Arboretum. It was hoped they would return for 2012. http://www.expressandstar.com/2009/02/24/lights-axed-due-to-120k-losses/, however this may now not happen. http://www.expressandstar.com/news/2010/01/16/illuminations-scrapped-for-good/