Walashma dynasty
Encyclopedia
The Walashma dynasty was a Muslim
noble family based in the Horn of Africa
. It ruled the Ifat Sultanate, in parts of what are now eastern Ethiopia
, Djibouti
and western Somalia
.
.
The last member of this dynasty
was Sultan
Barakat ibn Umar Din
, who was driven from his capital of Harar
in 1559 by the Ethiopian General
Hamalmal.
Muslim
A Muslim, also spelled Moslem, is an adherent of Islam, a monotheistic, Abrahamic religion based on the Quran, which Muslims consider the verbatim word of God as revealed to prophet Muhammad. "Muslim" is the Arabic term for "submitter" .Muslims believe that God is one and incomparable...
noble family based in the Horn of Africa
Horn of Africa
The Horn of Africa is a peninsula in East Africa that juts hundreds of kilometers into the Arabian Sea and lies along the southern side of the Gulf of Aden. It is the easternmost projection of the African continent...
. It ruled the Ifat Sultanate, in parts of what are now eastern Ethiopia
Ethiopia
Ethiopia , officially known as the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a country located in the Horn of Africa. It is the second-most populous nation in Africa, with over 82 million inhabitants, and the tenth-largest by area, occupying 1,100,000 km2...
, Djibouti
Djibouti
Djibouti , officially the Republic of Djibouti , is a country in the Horn of Africa. It is bordered by Eritrea in the north, Ethiopia in the west and south, and Somalia in the southeast. The remainder of the border is formed by the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden at the east...
and western Somalia
Somalia
Somalia , officially the Somali Republic and formerly known as the Somali Democratic Republic under Socialist rule, is a country located in the Horn of Africa. Since the outbreak of the Somali Civil War in 1991 there has been no central government control over most of the country's territory...
.
History
The earliest known member of the Walashma Dynasty was Umar ibn Dunya-huz (died 1275), whose son Ali ibn Wali Ashma conquered the Muslim Kingdom of ShewaShewa
Shewa is a historical region of Ethiopia, formerly an autonomous kingdom within the Ethiopian Empire...
.
The last member of this dynasty
Dynasty
A dynasty is a sequence of rulers considered members of the same family. Historians traditionally consider many sovereign states' history within a framework of successive dynasties, e.g., China, Ancient Egypt and the Persian Empire...
was Sultan
Sultan
Sultan is a title with several historical meanings. Originally, it was an Arabic language abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", "rulership", and "dictatorship", derived from the masdar سلطة , meaning "authority" or "power". Later, it came to be used as the title of certain rulers who...
Barakat ibn Umar Din
Barakat ibn Umar Din
Barakat ibn Umar Din was a Sultan of the Sultanate of Adal and brother of Ali ibn Umar Din. He was the last known member of the Walashma dynasty.-Reign:...
, who was driven from his capital of Harar
Harar
Harar is an eastern city in Ethiopia, and the capital of the modern Harari ethno-political division of Ethiopia...
in 1559 by the Ethiopian General
General
A general officer is an officer of high military rank, usually in the army, and in some nations, the air force. The term is widely used by many nations of the world, and when a country uses a different term, there is an equivalent title given....
Hamalmal.
List of rulers of the Walashma dynasty
- Haqq ad-Din IHaqq ad-Din IHaqq ad-Din I was an Emir of Ifat and the son of Nahwi b. Mansur b. Umar Walashma. According to I.M. Lewis, Emir Haqq "turned the sporadic and disjointed forays of his predecessors into a full-scale war of aggression, and apparently for the first time, couched his call to arms in the form of a...
- Sabr ad-Din ISabr ad-Din ISabr ad-Din I was an Emir of Ifat, the son of Nahwi bin Mansur bin Umar Walashma and younger brother of Haqq ad-Din I.-Reign:...
- Jamal ad-Din IJamal ad-Din IJamal ad-Din was Governor of Ifat. He was the son of Nahwi b. Mansur b. Umar Walashma and a brother of Haqq ad-Din I.-Reign:...
- Ali ibn Sabr ad-DinAli ibn Sabr ad-DinAli ibn Sabr ad-Din was the son of Sabr ad-Din I. The Emperor of Ethiopia Newaya Krestos made him Governor of Ifat after the death of his father.-Reign:...
- Ahmad ibn AliAhmad ibn AliAhmad ibn Ali was the son of Jamal ad-Din I. The Emperor of Ethiopia Newaya Krestos made him Governor of Ifat after his father Ali ibn Sabr ad-Din unsuccessfully revolted against the Emperor and was put into prison.-Reign:...
- Haqq ad-Din IIHaqq ad-Din IIHaqq ad-Din II was a Sultan of the Ifat Sultanate, the brother of Sa'ad ad-Din II, and the son of Ahmad ibn Ali.Taddesse Tamrat credits Haqq as "the founder of the kingdom of Adal as we know it in its protracted struggle with the Christian kingdom [of Ethiopia]"-Reign:Although Al-Maqrizi states...
- Sa'ad ad-Din IISa'ad ad-Din IISa'ad ad-Din II was a Sultan of the Ifat Sultanate. He was the brother of Haqq ad-Din II, and the father of Mansur ad-Din, Sabr ad-Din II and Badlay ibn Sa'ad ad-Din. The historian Richard Pankhurst describes him as "the last great ruler of Ifat."-Reign:Sa'ad ad-Din II was born at the court of...
- Sabr ad-Din IISabr ad-Din IISabr ad-Din II was a King of Adal and the oldest son of Sa'ad ad-Din II. Trimingham tersely states that Sabr ad-Din returned to the Horn of Africa from Yemen to reclaim his father's realm, but was defeated in battle by the Emperor of Ethiopia Yeshaq.-Reign:E. A...
- Mansur ad-Din of Adal
- Jamal ad-Din IIJamal ad-Din IIJamal ad-Din II was a Sultan of the Sultanate of Adal and the youngest son of Sa'ad ad-Din II.-Reign:With the help of the Ethiopian defector Harb Jaush, who also served as a commander under his brother Sabr ad-Din II, Jamal ad-Din was able to defeat the armies of the Ethiopian Emperor in three...
- Badlay ibn Sa'ad ad-DinBadlay ibn Sa'ad ad-DinBadlay ibn Sa'ad ad-Din II was a Sultan of the Sultanate of Adal and a son of Sa'ad ad-Din II.-Reign:...
- Muhammad ibn BadlayMuhammad ibn BadlayMuhammad ibn Badlay was a Sultan of the Sultanate of Adal. He was the son of Badlay ibn Sa'ad ad-Din.-Reign:The Arab writer al-Tagrebirdi reports that Sultan Muhammed sent an embassy to Cairo in 1452, which may have been an unsuccessful appeal for help against Ethiopia...
- Shams ad-Din ibn MuhammadShams ad-Din ibn MuhammadShams ad-Din ibn Muhammad was a Sultan of the Sultanate of Adal and a son of Muhammad ibn Badlay.-Reign:During Shams ad-Din's reign, an army of the Emperor of Ethiopia Eskender invaded Adal and seized Dakkar, destroying houses and places of worship; however, on its return home the Adal forces...
- Muhammad ibn Azhar ad-DinMuhammad ibn Azhar ad-DinMuhammad ibn Azhar ad-Din was a Sultan of the Sultanate of Adal. Sihab ad-Din Ahmad states in his Futuh al-Habasa that he was the son of Azhar, the second son of Abu Bakr, one of the ten sons of Sa'ad ad-Din II, and ruled for 30 years....
- Abu Bakr ibn MuhammadAbu Bakr ibn MuhammadAbu Bakr ibn Muhammad was a Sultan of the Sultanate of Adal. The historian Richard Pankhurst credits Abu Bakr with founding the city of Harar, which he made his military headquarters in 1520.-Reign:...
- Umar DinUmar DinUmar Din was a Sultan of the Sultanate of Adal. He was the brother of Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad.-Reign:Umar Din was made sultan by Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrihim al-Ghazi after he killed Umar Din's brother Abu Bakr in 1526, and ruled at least until the Imam was killed in battle in 1542...
- Ali ibn Umar DinAli ibn Umar DinAli ibn Umar Din was a Sultan of the Sultanate of Adal. He was the brother of Barakat ibn Umar Din.-References:...
- Barakat ibn Umar DinBarakat ibn Umar DinBarakat ibn Umar Din was a Sultan of the Sultanate of Adal and brother of Ali ibn Umar Din. He was the last known member of the Walashma dynasty.-Reign:...
See also
- Mudaito DynastyMudaito dynasty-History:The Aussa Sultanate or Afar Sultanate succeeded the earlier Imamate of Aussa. The latter polity had come into existence in 1577, when Muhammed Jasa moved his capital from Harar to Aussa with the split of the Adal Sultanate into Aussa and the Harari city-state...
- Gobroon DynastyGobroon DynastyThe Gobroon dynasty or Geledi sultanate was a Somali royal house that ruled parts of East Africa during the 18th and 19th centuries. It was established by the Ajuuraan soldier Ibrahim Adeer, who had defeated various vassals of the Ajuuraan Empire and established the House of Gobroon...
- List of Sunni Muslim dynasties
- List of Muslim dynasties