Viral encephalitis
Encyclopedia
Viral encephalitis refers to a type of Encephalitis
Encephalitis
Encephalitis is an acute inflammation of the brain. Encephalitis with meningitis is known as meningoencephalitis. Symptoms include headache, fever, confusion, drowsiness, and fatigue...

 caused by a virus
Virus
A virus is a small infectious agent that can replicate only inside the living cells of organisms. Viruses infect all types of organisms, from animals and plants to bacteria and archaea...

.

Encephalitis may be caused by a variety of afflictions.

Types include:
  • Arbovirus encephalitis
    Arbovirus encephalitis
    Arbovirus encephalitis refers to encephalitis that is caused by arbovirus infection.There are many types of Arboviral encephalitides found in the United States.Examples include:* California encephalitis * Japanese encephalitis* St. Louis encephalitis...

    • La Crosse encephalitis
      La Crosse Encephalitis
      La Crosse encephalitis is an encephalitis caused by an arbovirus which has a mosquito vector .-History:...

    • California encephalitis virus
      California encephalitis virus
      California encephalitis virus was discovered in Kern County, California and causes encephalitis in humans. Encephalitis is an acute inflammation of the brain that can cause minor symptoms, such as headaches, to more severe symptoms such as seizures...

    • Japanese Encephalitis
      Japanese Encephalitis
      Japanese encephalitis —previously known as Japanese B encephalitis to distinguish it from von Economo's A encephalitis—is a disease caused by the mosquito-borne Japanese encephalitis virus. The Japanese encephalitis virus is a virus from the family Flaviviridae. Domestic pigs and wild birds are...

    • St. Louis Encephalitis
      St. Louis Encephalitis
      St. Louis Encephalitis is a disease caused by the Culex mosquito borne St. Louis Encephalitis virus. St. Louis encephalitis virus is related to Japanese encephalitis virus and is a member of the Flaviviridae subgroup. This disease mainly affects the United States...

    • Equine Encephalitis
      Equine Encephalitis
      Equine encephalitis may be caused by several viruses:* Eastern equine encephalitis virus* Western equine encephalitis virus*West Nile virus* Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus...

    • Murray Valley encephalitis virus
      Murray Valley encephalitis virus
      Murray Valley encephalitis virus is a zoonotic flavivirus endemic to northern Australia and Papua New Guinea. It is the causal agent of Murray Valley encephalitis and in humans can cause permanent neurological disease or death...

    • Tick-borne meningoencephalitis
      Tick-borne meningoencephalitis
      Tick-borne encephalitis is a viral infectious disease involving the central nervous system. The disease most often manifests as meningitis, encephalitis, or meningoencephalitis. Although TBE is most commonly recognized as a neurological disorder, mild fever can also occur...

    • Powassan encephalitis
      Powassan encephalitis
      Powassan encephalitis is a form of arbovirus that results from tick bites.-Presentation:Symptoms manifest within 7–10 days and include fever, headache, partial paralysis, confusion, nausea and even coma.-Prognosis:...

    • West Nile virus
      West Nile virus
      West Nile virus is a virus of the family Flaviviridae. Part of the Japanese encephalitis antigenic complex of viruses, it is found in both tropical and temperate regions. It mainly infects birds, but is known to infect humans, horses, dogs, cats, bats, chipmunks, skunks, squirrels, domestic...

  • Herpes simplex
    Herpes simplex
    Herpes simplex is a viral disease caused by both Herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 . Infection with the herpes virus is categorized into one of several distinct disorders based on the site of infection. Oral herpes, the visible symptoms of which are colloquially called cold sores or fever...

  • Varicella zoster virus
    Varicella zoster virus
    Varicella zoster virus is one of eight herpes viruses known to infect humans . It commonly causes chicken-pox in children and Herpes zoster in adults and rarely in children.-Nomenclature:...

  • Rabies
    Rabies
    Rabies is a viral disease that causes acute encephalitis in warm-blooded animals. It is zoonotic , most commonly by a bite from an infected animal. For a human, rabies is almost invariably fatal if post-exposure prophylaxis is not administered prior to the onset of severe symptoms...

  • HIV
    HIV
    Human immunodeficiency virus is a lentivirus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome , a condition in humans in which progressive failure of the immune system allows life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers to thrive...

  • H5N1 encephalitis
    H5N1
    Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, also known as "bird flu", A or simply H5N1, is a subtype of the influenza A virus which can cause illness in humans and many other animal species...

  • Lymphocytic choriomeningitis
    Lymphocytic choriomeningitis
    Lymphocytic choriomeningitis , is a rodent-borne viral infectious disease that presents as aseptic meningitis, encephalitis or meningoencephalitis. Its causative agent is the Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus , a member of the family Arenaviridae...

     - also causes encephalitis

Herpes simplex encephalitis

Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is caused by the same herpes simplex virus
Herpes simplex virus
Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 , also known as Human herpes virus 1 and 2 , are two members of the herpes virus family, Herpesviridae, that infect humans. Both HSV-1 and HSV-2 are ubiquitous and contagious...

 (HSV) that manifests in oral cold-sores or in genital sores. HSV encephalitis characteristically affects the temporal lobe
Temporal lobe
The temporal lobe is a region of the cerebral cortex that is located beneath the Sylvian fissure on both cerebral hemispheres of the mammalian brain....

s of an infected individual's brain, while other encephalitides tend to be more diffuse. When the disease triggers brain inflammation, which occurs in 10% of cases of encephalitis (2 cases per million people), half of all untreated patients die (1 case per million people). Common symptoms include brain damage, partial paralysis, seizures, hallucinations and an altered state of consciousness. In rare cases a mother can pass HSE to her child at birth; symptoms then include lethargy, tremors, irritability, seizures and poor feeding in the first two weeks after birth.
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