Vacuum engineering deals with technological processes and equipment that use vacuum

Vacuum

In everyday usage, vacuum is a volume of space that is essentially empty of matter, such that its gaseous pressure is much less than atmospheric pressure. The word comes from the Latin term for "empty". A perfect vacuum would be one with no particles in it at all, which is impossible to achieve in...

 to achieve better results than those run under atmospheric pressure

Pressure

Pressure is the force per unit area applied in a direction perpendicular to the surface of an object. Gauge pressure is the pressure relative to the local atmospheric or ambient pressure.- Definition :...

. The most widespread applications of vacuum technology are:

• Pyrolytic chromium carbide coating
• Antireflecting glass
• Glass colouring
• Vacuum impregnation
• Vacuum coating
  Vacuum coating
  Vacuum coating is a mechanized process for applying coatings to lengths of materials.-Process:The product passes through the portion of the coater known as the application chamber at a constant speed of up to 500' per minute.. As it enters the chamber it passes through a template which has the same...
  
  
• Vacuum drying

Vacuum coaters are capable of applying various types of coatings on metal

Metal

A metal , is an element, compound, or alloy that is a good conductor of both electricity and heat. Metals are usually malleable and shiny, that is they reflect most of incident light...

, glass

Glass

Glass is an amorphous solid material. Glasses are typically brittle and optically transparent.The most familiar type of glass, used for centuries in windows and drinking vessels, is soda-lime glass, composed of about 75% silica plus Na2O, CaO, and several minor additives...

, plastic

Plastic

A plastic material is any of a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic organic solids used in the manufacture of industrial products. Plastics are typically polymers of high molecular mass, and may contain other substances to improve performance and/or reduce production costs...

 or ceramic

Ceramic

A ceramic is an inorganic, nonmetallic solid prepared by the action of heat and subsequent cooling. Ceramic materials may have a crystalline or partly crystalline structure, or may be amorphous...

 surfaces, providing best quality, thickness and color uniformity ever. Vacuum dryers can be used for delicate materials and save up significant energy quantities due to lower drying temperatures.

See also

• Negative pressure
  Negative pressure
  Negative pressure may refer to:*negative pressure as opposed to positive pressure*stretched liquid*vacuum*negative gauge pressure, a way of expressing pressure measurements below atmospheric pressure*suction*transpirational pull...
  
  
• Suction
  Suction
  Suction is the flow of a fluid into a partial vacuum, or region of low pressure. The pressure gradient between this region and the ambient pressure will propel matter toward the low pressure area. Suction is popularly thought of as an attractive effect, which is incorrect since vacuums do not...
  
  
• Vacuum chamber
  Vacuum chamber
  A vacuum chamber is a rigid enclosure from which air and other gases are removed by a vacuum pump. The resulting low pressure, commonly referred to as a vacuum, allows researchers to conduct physical experiments or to test mechanical devices which must operate in outer space...
  
  
• Ultra high vacuum
  Ultra high vacuum
  Ultra-high vacuum is the vacuum regime characterised by pressures lower than about 10−7 pascal or 100 nanopascals . UHV requires the use of unusual materials in construction and by heating the entire system to 180°C for several hours to remove water and other trace gases which adsorb on the...
  
  
• Vacuum gauge
• Vacuum pump
  Vacuum pump
  A vacuum pump is a device that removes gas molecules from a sealed volume in order to leave behind a partial vacuum. The first vacuum pump was invented in 1650 by Otto von Guericke.- Types :Pumps can be broadly categorized according to three techniques:...
  
  
• Vacuum flange
  Vacuum flange
  A vacuum flange is a flange at the end of a tube used to connect vacuum chambers, tubing and vacuum pumps to each other.-Vacuum flange types:...
  
  
• Vacuum grease
  Vacuum grease
  Vacuum grease is a lubricant with low volatility and is used for applications in low pressure environments. Lubricants with higher volatility would evaporate, causing two problems:* They would not be present to provide lubrication....
  
  
• Vacuum deposition
  Vacuum deposition
  Vacuum deposition is a family of processes used to deposit layers atom-by-atom or molecule-by-molecule at sub-atmospheric pressure on a solid surface. The layers may be as thin as one atom to millimeters thick . There may be multiple layers of different materials...
  
  
• Vacuum evaporation
  Vacuum evaporation
  Vacuum evaporation is the process of causing the pressure in a liquid-filled container to be reduced below the vapor pressure of the liquid, causing the liquid to evaporate at a lower temperature than normal...
  
  
• Vacuum tube
  Vacuum tube
  In electronics, a vacuum tube, electron tube , or thermionic valve , reduced to simply "tube" or "valve" in everyday parlance, is a device that relies on the flow of electric current through a vacuum...
  
  
• Vacuum oven
• Vacuum arc remelting
  Vacuum Arc Remelting
  Vacuum arc remelting is a secondary melting process for production of metal ingots with elevated chemical and mechanical homogeneity for highly demanding applications...
  
  
• Vacuum furnace
  Vacuum furnace
  A vacuum furnace is a type of furnace that can heat materials, typically metals, to very high temperatures and carry out processes such as brazing, sintering and heat treatment with high consistency and low contamination....
  
  
• Vacuum casting
  Vacuum casting
  Vacuum casting is a casting process for elastomers using a vacuum to draw the liquid material into the mold. This process is used when air entrapment is a problem, there are intricate details or undercuts, or if the material is fiber or wire reinforced....
  
  
• Vacuum plasmaspraying
• Vacuum packing
  Vacuum packing
  Vacuum packing or vacuum packaging is a method of packaging that removes air from the package prior to sealing. It can involve both rigid and flexible types of packaging...
  
  
• Vacuum induction melting
  Vacuum Induction Melting
  Vacuum induction melting is a process for melting metal under vacuum conditions using electromagnetic induction. It works by creating electrical eddy currents in the metal which heats the "charge" to melt it...
  
  
• Materials for use in vacuum
  Materials for use in vacuum
  Materials for use in vacuum are materials showing very low rate of outgassing in vacuum, and, where applicable, tolerant to the bake-out temperatures. The requirements grow increasingly stringent with the desired degree of vacuum achievable in the vacuum chamber.The materials can produce gas by...
  
  
• Joining materials