United States House election, 1860
Encyclopedia
Elections among the 33 states to the 37th United States Congress
of the House of Representatives
were held August 1860 through September 1861. Following the presidential election of 1860
, Electoral College vote and Inauguration swearing-in, their term would coincide with the first two years of Abraham Lincoln
's first administration.
Republican candidates won increasing percentages of the House in 1856, 1858 and, in 1860, after secessionist losses, they amounted to 59% of the House. In the same six-year period of political chaos running up to the American Civil War
, the Democratic Party
atrophied from holding the presidency and a two-third’s majority, to a minority caucus of less than one-third and loss of supporting presidential patronage.
This election forged Northern
unity behind the pro-union Republican Party
of 108 Representatives, and broad based pro-union majorities in the north and south border states
among the mostly Douglas Democrats with 45 members and the Unionists and others amounting to another 28.
The last of a Democratic Party dominated by the slave-holding states was left to a remnant. The national party was destroyed by infighting over slavery, with minority cotton state delegates walking out in national conventions at Charleston and again at Baltimore. They were left with a rump session of cotton South delegates nominating John Breckinridge
in Richmond. Those delegates returning to Congress withdrew, resigned, or were expelled. The nativist American Party
completely collapsed in 1860.
In the wake of the declared secession
of South Carolina
from the Union
on December 20, 1860, many Southern House members, mostly Democrats, refused to take their seats, rejecting the election of Lincoln as illegitimate. Before 1872, different states held elections at various times; the first elections for the 37th Congress were held on August 6, 1860 in Arkansas
and Missouri
, while the last election took place in California
on September 4, 1861, a year later. Three Southern states - Arkansas
, Florida
, and South Carolina
- chose Representatives before the presidential election, electing seven Democrats and two independents. These were the only House elections from the seceding states to the 37th Congress. After South Carolina resolved disunion and the Confederate States of America
was formed, other Southern states declared as well and elected Representatives to the new Congress of the Confederate States
instead of the United States Congress.
Since the states not holding elections had many strong Democratic districts - in the previous 36th Congress
their Representatives included a total of 46 Democrats, 14 Oppositionists
, five independents, and one member of the American Party
- when Congress was called into session on July 4, 1861 (five months earlier than usual at the time) the size of the Democratic House caucus had been drastically reduced, resulting in a huge Republican majority.
Of the 183 seats, 102 were held by Republicans, 44 by Democrats, 23 by Unionists, and five others by one party each. There were several vacancies, and California had not held its election when Congress assembled.
In 1860, Lincoln’s campaign brought the Republicans the Presidency. But the congressional elections also marked the transition from one major era of political parties to another. In just six years, over the course of the 35th, 36th and 37th Congresses, a complete reversal of party fortunes swamped the Democrats.
Elections for Congress were held from August 1860 to June 1861. They were held before, during and after the pre-determined Presidential campaign. And they were held before, during and after the secessionist campaigns in various states as they were reported throughout the country. Political conditions varied hugely from time to time during the course of congressional selection, but they had been shifting to a considerable extent in the years running up to the crisis.
Back in the 1856 elections, the Democrats held the Presidency for the sixth of the last eight terms with James Buchanan's taking office. They held almost a two-thirds majority in both the US House and Senate. Democrats held onto the Senate during the midterm elections, but the four opposition parties then amounted to two-thirds of the House. The congressional elections in 1860 transformed Democratic fortunes: Republican and Unionist candidates won a two-thirds majority in both House and Senate.
After the secessionist withdrawal, resignation and expulsion, the Democrats would have less than 25% of the House for the 37th Congress, and that minority divided further between pro-unionists (Stephen Douglas), and anti-war (Clement Vallandingham) factions.
The politics of these elections were distinctive in every region of the country.
(R). James E. English
(D). Alfred A. Burnham
(R). George C. Woodruff
(D)
(R). Samuel C. Fessenden
(R). Anson P. Morrill
(R). John H. Rice
(R). Frederick A. Pike
(R)
(R). James Buffinton
(R). Charles F. Adams, Sr.
(R). Alexander H. Rice
(R). William Appleton (CU
). John B. Alley
(R)
Massachusetts, continued.. Daniel W. Gooch
(R). Charles R. Train
(R). Goldsmith F. Bailey (R). Charles Delano
(R). Henry L. Dawes
(R)
(R). Edward H. Rollins
(R). Thomas M. Edwards
(R)
(U). George H. Browne
(U)
(R). Portus Baxter
(R)
(R). John L. N. Stratton
(R). William G. Steele
(D). George T. Cobb
(D). Nehemiah Perry
(D)
(D). Moses F. Odell
(D). Benjamin Wood
(D). James E. Kerrigan (ID
). William Wall (R). Frederick A. Conkling
(R). Elijah Ward
(D). Isaac C. Delaplaine
(D). Edward Haight
(D). Charles H. Van Wyck
(R). John B. Steele
(D). Stephen Baker (R). Abram B. Olin
(R). Erastus Corning
(D)
New York, continued.. James B. McKean
(R). William A. Wheeler
(R). Socrates N. Sherman
(R). Chauncey Vibbard
(D). Richard Franchot
(R). Roscoe Conkling
(R). R. Holland Duell
(R). William E. Lansing
(R). Ambrose W. Clark
(R). Charles B. Sedgwick
(R). Theodore M. Pomeroy
(R). Jacob P. Chamberlain
(R). Alexander S. Diven
(R). Robert B. Van Valkenburg
(R). Alfred Ely
(R). Augustus Frank
(R). Burt Van Horn
(R). Elbridge G. Spaulding
(R). Reuben E. Fenton
(R)
These are free-soil states, north of the Mason-Dixon Line
. These states had either abolished slavery, or Congress had forbidden it in their Territory, and they had forbidden it at the beginning of their statehood.
(R). Isaac N. Arnold
(R). Owen Lovejoy
(R). William Kellogg
(R). William A. Richardson
(D). John A. McClernand
(D). James C. Robinson
(D). Philip B. Fouke
(D). John A. Logan
(D)
(D). James A. Cravens
(D). William McKee Dunn (R). William S. Holman
(D). George W. Julian
(R). Albert G. Porter
(R). Daniel W. Voorhees
(D). Albert S. White
(R). Schuyler Colfax
(R). William Mitchell
(R). John P. C. Shanks
(R)
(R). Fernando C. Beaman
(R). Francis W. Kellogg
(R). Rowland E. Trowbridge
(R)
(D). John A. Gurley
(R). Clement Vallandigham
(D). William Allen
(D). James M. Ashley (R). Chilton A. White
(D). Thomas Corwin
(R). Samuel Shellabarger
(R). Warren P. Noble
(D). Carey A. Trimble
(R). Valentine B. Horton
(R). Samuel S. Cox
(D)
Ohio, continued.. John Sherman
(R). Harrison G. O. Blake
(R). Robert H. Nugen
(D). William P. Cutler
(R). James R. Morris
(D). Sidney Edgerton
(R). Albert G. Riddle
(R). John Hutchins
(R). John Bingham
(R)
(D). Edward Joy Morris
(R). John P. Verree
(R). William D. Kelley
(R). William Morris Davis
(R). John Hickman
(R). Thomas B. Cooper
(D). Sydenham E. Ancona
(D). Thaddeus Stevens
(R). John W. Killinger
(R). James H. Campbell
(R). George W. Scranton
(R). Philip Johnson
(D). Galusha A. Grow
(R). James T. Hale
(R). Joseph Bailey
(D). Edward McPherson
(R). Samuel S. Blair
(R). John Covode
(R). Jesse Lazear
(D). James K. Moorhead
(R). Robert McKnight
(R). John W. Wallace
(R). John Patton
(R). Elijah Babbitt
(R)
(R). Luther Hanchett
(R). A. Scott Sloan
(R)
These were "slave holding" states, all south of the Mason-Dixon Line. The border south states had less than 2% to more than 19% of their 1860 population held as slaves, with an average of 13%; middle south states ranged from 25-33% slaves, with an average of 29%. (Deep south 43-57%, except Texas, with 30%.)
Eight seats in Virginia and seven seats in Tennessee represented large numbers of citizens resisting the Lincoln administration of the United States government during the Civil War. They were declared vacant in 37th Congress documents..
(U). Henry Grider
(U). Aaron Harding
(U). Charles A. Wickliffe
(U). George W. Dunlap
(U). Robert Mallory
(U). John J. Crittenden
(U). William H. Wadsworth
(U). John W. Menzies
(U)
(U). Edwin H. Webster
(U). Cornelius L. L. Leary (U). Henry May
(U). Francis Thomas
(U). Charles B. Calvert
(U)
(R). James S. Rollins
(CU
). John B. Clark
(D). Elijah H. Norton
(D). John W. Reid (D). John S. Phelps
(D). John W. Noell (D)
(U). George W. Bridges
(U). Andrew J. Clements
(U). Vacant. Vacant. Vacant. Vacant. Vacant. Vacant
(U), elected May 23, 1861. Vacant. Vacant. William G. Brown, Sr.
(U). John S. Carlile
(U). Kellian Whaley
(U). Vacant
When California entered the Union, it broke the free soil - slave state tie in the Senate. Minnesota, and Oregon followed as free soil states. Once Congress was depleted of the secessionist Democrats, the lame duck 36th Congress admitted Kansas as a free state in January, 1861, in time for it to send a Representative to the 37th Congress in March. The Republican Congress elected in 1860 began funding the transcontinental railroad, July, 1862. Nevada was admitted before the end of the Civil War in the next, 38th, Congress.
(R). William Vandever (R)
(R). William Windom
(R)
The conflict was also called the 'Great Rebellion' in the North, the 'War Between the States' in the South, and the 'American War' in Britain.
37th United States Congress
The Thirty-seventh United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1861 to March 4, 1863, during the first two...
of the House of Representatives
United States House of Representatives
The United States House of Representatives is one of the two Houses of the United States Congress, the bicameral legislature which also includes the Senate.The composition and powers of the House are established in Article One of the Constitution...
were held August 1860 through September 1861. Following the presidential election of 1860
United States presidential election, 1860
The United States presidential election of 1860 was a quadrennial election, held on November 6, 1860, for the office of President of the United States and the immediate impetus for the outbreak of the American Civil War. The nation had been divided throughout the 1850s on questions surrounding the...
, Electoral College vote and Inauguration swearing-in, their term would coincide with the first two years of Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln was the 16th President of the United States, serving from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. He successfully led his country through a great constitutional, military and moral crisis – the American Civil War – preserving the Union, while ending slavery, and...
's first administration.
American Civil War
The American Civil War was a civil war fought in the United States of America. In response to the election of Abraham Lincoln as President of the United States, 11 southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America ; the other 25...
, the Democratic Party
Democratic Party (United States)
The Democratic Party is one of two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Republican Party. The party's socially liberal and progressive platform is largely considered center-left in the U.S. political spectrum. The party has the lengthiest record of continuous...
atrophied from holding the presidency and a two-third’s majority, to a minority caucus of less than one-third and loss of supporting presidential patronage.
This election forged Northern
Northern United States
Northern United States, also sometimes the North, may refer to:* A particular grouping of states or regions of the United States of America. The United States Census Bureau divides some of the northernmost United States into the Midwest Region and the Northeast Region...
unity behind the pro-union Republican Party
Republican Party (United States)
The Republican Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Democratic Party. Founded by anti-slavery expansion activists in 1854, it is often called the GOP . The party's platform generally reflects American conservatism in the U.S...
of 108 Representatives, and broad based pro-union majorities in the north and south border states
Border states
Border states is a term referring to the European nations that won their independence from the Russian Empire after the Russian Revolution, the treaty of Brest-Litovsk, and ultimately the defeat of the German Empire in World War I...
among the mostly Douglas Democrats with 45 members and the Unionists and others amounting to another 28.
The last of a Democratic Party dominated by the slave-holding states was left to a remnant. The national party was destroyed by infighting over slavery, with minority cotton state delegates walking out in national conventions at Charleston and again at Baltimore. They were left with a rump session of cotton South delegates nominating John Breckinridge
John Breckinridge
John Breckinridge or Breckenridge may refer to:*John Breckinridge , United States Senator and Attorney General...
in Richmond. Those delegates returning to Congress withdrew, resigned, or were expelled. The nativist American Party
Know Nothing
The Know Nothing was a movement by the nativist American political faction of the 1840s and 1850s. It was empowered by popular fears that the country was being overwhelmed by German and Irish Catholic immigrants, who were often regarded as hostile to Anglo-Saxon Protestant values and controlled by...
completely collapsed in 1860.
Impact of the secessionist movement
Secession in the United States
Secession in the United States can refer to secession of a state from the United States, secession of part of a state from that state to form a new state, or secession of an area from a city or county....
of South Carolina
South Carolina
South Carolina is a state in the Deep South of the United States that borders Georgia to the south, North Carolina to the north, and the Atlantic Ocean to the east. Originally part of the Province of Carolina, the Province of South Carolina was one of the 13 colonies that declared independence...
from the Union
Union (American Civil War)
During the American Civil War, the Union was a name used to refer to the federal government of the United States, which was supported by the twenty free states and five border slave states. It was opposed by 11 southern slave states that had declared a secession to join together to form the...
on December 20, 1860, many Southern House members, mostly Democrats, refused to take their seats, rejecting the election of Lincoln as illegitimate. Before 1872, different states held elections at various times; the first elections for the 37th Congress were held on August 6, 1860 in Arkansas
Arkansas
Arkansas is a state located in the southern region of the United States. Its name is an Algonquian name of the Quapaw Indians. Arkansas shares borders with six states , and its eastern border is largely defined by the Mississippi River...
and Missouri
Missouri
Missouri is a US state located in the Midwestern United States, bordered by Iowa, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Kansas and Nebraska. With a 2010 population of 5,988,927, Missouri is the 18th most populous state in the nation and the fifth most populous in the Midwest. It...
, while the last election took place in California
California
California is a state located on the West Coast of the United States. It is by far the most populous U.S. state, and the third-largest by land area...
on September 4, 1861, a year later. Three Southern states - Arkansas
Arkansas
Arkansas is a state located in the southern region of the United States. Its name is an Algonquian name of the Quapaw Indians. Arkansas shares borders with six states , and its eastern border is largely defined by the Mississippi River...
, Florida
Florida
Florida is a state in the southeastern United States, located on the nation's Atlantic and Gulf coasts. It is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia and to the east by the Atlantic Ocean. With a population of 18,801,310 as measured by the 2010 census, it...
, and South Carolina
South Carolina
South Carolina is a state in the Deep South of the United States that borders Georgia to the south, North Carolina to the north, and the Atlantic Ocean to the east. Originally part of the Province of Carolina, the Province of South Carolina was one of the 13 colonies that declared independence...
- chose Representatives before the presidential election, electing seven Democrats and two independents. These were the only House elections from the seceding states to the 37th Congress. After South Carolina resolved disunion and the Confederate States of America
Confederate States of America
The Confederate States of America was a government set up from 1861 to 1865 by 11 Southern slave states of the United States of America that had declared their secession from the U.S...
was formed, other Southern states declared as well and elected Representatives to the new Congress of the Confederate States
Congress of the Confederate States
The Congress of the Confederate States was the legislative body of the Confederate States of America, existing during the American Civil War between 1861 and 1865...
instead of the United States Congress.
Since the states not holding elections had many strong Democratic districts - in the previous 36th Congress
36th United States Congress
The Thirty-sixth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1859 to March 4, 1861, during the third and fourth...
their Representatives included a total of 46 Democrats, 14 Oppositionists
Opposition Party (United States)
The Opposition Party in the United States is a label with two different applications in Congressional history, as a majority party in Congress 1854-58, and as a Third Party in the South 1858-1860....
, five independents, and one member of the American Party
Know Nothing
The Know Nothing was a movement by the nativist American political faction of the 1840s and 1850s. It was empowered by popular fears that the country was being overwhelmed by German and Irish Catholic immigrants, who were often regarded as hostile to Anglo-Saxon Protestant values and controlled by...
- when Congress was called into session on July 4, 1861 (five months earlier than usual at the time) the size of the Democratic House caucus had been drastically reduced, resulting in a huge Republican majority.
Of the 183 seats, 102 were held by Republicans, 44 by Democrats, 23 by Unionists, and five others by one party each. There were several vacancies, and California had not held its election when Congress assembled.
End of a Congressional era
| US Congressional Party Transformation, 1857–1863 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Congress | 35th 1857-59 |
36th 1859-61 |
37th 1861-63 |
| United States House of Representatives | |||
| Seats (change) | 237 (+3) | 238 (+1) | 183 (-55) |
| Republicans | 90, 38% | 116, 49% | 108, 59% |
| Unionists | 0, 0% | 0, 0% | 31, 17% |
| Americans (+) | 14, 6% | 39, 16% (4-way split) | 0, 0% |
| Democrats | 133, 56% | 83, 35% | 44, 24% |
| United States Senate | |||
| Seats (change) | 66 (+4) | 68 (+2) | 50 (-18) |
| Republicans | 20, 30% | 26, 38% | 31, 62% |
| Unionists | 0, 0% | 0, 0% | 3, 6% |
| Americans | 5, 8% | 2, 3% | 0, 0% |
| Democrats | 41, 62% | 38, 58% | 15, 30% |
In 1860, Lincoln’s campaign brought the Republicans the Presidency. But the congressional elections also marked the transition from one major era of political parties to another. In just six years, over the course of the 35th, 36th and 37th Congresses, a complete reversal of party fortunes swamped the Democrats.
Back in the 1856 elections, the Democrats held the Presidency for the sixth of the last eight terms with James Buchanan's taking office. They held almost a two-thirds majority in both the US House and Senate. Democrats held onto the Senate during the midterm elections, but the four opposition parties then amounted to two-thirds of the House. The congressional elections in 1860 transformed Democratic fortunes: Republican and Unionist candidates won a two-thirds majority in both House and Senate.
After the secessionist withdrawal, resignation and expulsion, the Democrats would have less than 25% of the House for the 37th Congress, and that minority divided further between pro-unionists (Stephen Douglas), and anti-war (Clement Vallandingham) factions.
Results by region
| Party | Total seats | Change | Percentage |
|---|---|---|---|
| Republican Party Republican Party (United States) The Republican Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Democratic Party. Founded by anti-slavery expansion activists in 1854, it is often called the GOP . The party's platform generally reflects American conservatism in the U.S... |
108 | - 8 | 59.0% |
| Democratic Party Democratic Party (United States) The Democratic Party is one of two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Republican Party. The party's socially liberal and progressive platform is largely considered center-left in the U.S. political spectrum. The party has the lengthiest record of continuous... |
44 | - 39 | 24.0% |
| Constitutional Unionist Party Constitutional Union Party (United States) The Constitutional Union Party was a political party in the United States created in 1860. It was made up of conservative former Whigs who wanted to avoid disunion over the slavery issue... |
30 | + 30 | 16.3% |
| Independent Independent (politician) In politics, an independent or non-party politician is an individual not affiliated to any political party. Independents may hold a centrist viewpoint between those of major political parties, a viewpoint more extreme than any major party, or they may have a viewpoint based on issues that they do... |
1 | - 14 | 0.5% |
| Totals | 183 | - 55 | 100.0% |
The politics of these elections were distinctive in every region of the country.
- The more conventional listing of Members in their state delegations, alphabetically by state, can be found at the 37th Congress article.
New England
The twenty-nine seats in the House among these six states are divided 24 Republican, two Union Party, one Constitutional Union, and two Democratic. The region is important nationally in manufacturing and intellectually as the center of literature, Transcendentalism and the Abolition Movement.Connecticut
. Dwight LoomisDwight Loomis
Dwight Loomis was a United States Representative from Connecticut. He was born in Columbia, Connecticut where he attended the common schools. He also attended the academies in Monson, Massachusetts and Amherst, Massachusetts. He taught school and was also graduated from the law department of Yale...
(R). James E. English
James E. English
James Edward English was a United States Representative and Senator from Connecticut. He was born in New Haven and attended the common schools; later, he engaged in the lumber business, banking, and manufacturing. He was a member of the New Haven board of selectmen from 1847 to 1861, and a member...
(D). Alfred A. Burnham
Alfred A. Burnham
Alfred Avery Burnham was a U.S. Representative from Connecticut.Born in Windham, Connecticut, Burnham completed a preparatory course and attended college for one year before studying law. He was admitted to the bar in 1843 and commenced practice in Windham...
(R). George C. Woodruff
George C. Woodruff (representative)
George Catlin Woodruff was a U.S. Representative from Connecticut.Born in Litchfield, Connecticut, Woodruff was graduated from Yale College in 1825.He studied law....
(D)
Maine
. John N. Goodwin (R). Charles W. WaltonCharles W. Walton
Charles Wesley Walton was a United States Representative from Maine. He was born in Mexico, Maine where he attended the common schools and was also instructed at home and by private tutors...
(R). Samuel C. Fessenden
Samuel C. Fessenden
Samuel Clement Fessenden was a United States Congressman from Maine, son of abolitionist Samuel Fessenden, and brother of Treasury Secretary William Pitt Fessenden and Congressman T. A. D. Fessenden. He was an uncle of Union Army generals, Francis Fessenden and James D...
(R). Anson P. Morrill
Anson P. Morrill
Anson Peaslee Morrill was an American politician. Born in 1803 in Belgrade, Maine, originally a storekeeper and millkeeper, he was the 24th Governor of Maine from 1855 to 1856, represented Maine's fourth district in the United States House of Representatives from 1861 to 1863 and served in the...
(R). John H. Rice
John H. Rice
John Hovey Rice was a U.S. Representative from Maine.Born in Mount Vernon, Maine, to Nathaniel and Mary Jane Rice, Rice attended the common schools....
(R). Frederick A. Pike
Frederick A. Pike
Frederick Augustus Pike was a U.S. Representative from Maine.Born in Calais, Maine, Pike attended the common schools and the Washington Academy, East Machias, Maine....
(R)
Massachusetts
. Thomas D. EliotThomas D. Eliot
Thomas Dawes Eliot, was a member of the United States House of Representatives from Massachusetts. He was born in Boston on March 20, 1808. Eliot was named after his grandfather Justice Thomas Dawes of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court....
(R). James Buffinton
James Buffinton
James Buffington was a member of the United States House of Representatives from Massachusetts. He was born in Fall River on March 16, 1817. He attended the common schools, and Friends College in Providence, Rhode Island. He studied medicine but never practiced, then engaged in mercantile...
(R). Charles F. Adams, Sr.
Charles Francis Adams, Sr.
Charles Francis Adams, Sr. was an American lawyer, politician, diplomat and writer. He was the grandson of President John Adams and Abigail Adams and the son of President John Quincy Adams and Louisa Adams....
(R). Alexander H. Rice
Alexander H. Rice
Alexander Hamilton Rice was Mayor of Boston, Massachusetts from 1856–1857, a U.S. Congressman during the American Civil War, and the 30th Governor of Massachusetts from 1876–78.-Biography:...
(R). William Appleton (CU
Constitutional Union Party (United States)
The Constitutional Union Party was a political party in the United States created in 1860. It was made up of conservative former Whigs who wanted to avoid disunion over the slavery issue...
). John B. Alley
John B. Alley
John Bassett Alley was a businessman and politician who served as a U.S. Representative from Massachusetts.Born in Lynn, Massachusetts, Alley attended the common schools and Phillips Academy Andover....
(R)
Massachusetts, continued.. Daniel W. Gooch
Daniel W. Gooch
Daniel Wheelwright Gooch was a United States Representative from Massachusetts. Gooch, the son of John and Olive Gooch, was born in Wells, Maine on January 8, 1820. He attended the public schools, Phillips Academy, and graduated from Dartmouth College...
(R). Charles R. Train
Charles R. Train
Charles Russell Train was a U.S. Representative from Massachusetts.-Biography:Born in Framingham, Massachusetts, Train attended the common schools, Framingham Academy, and was graduated from Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, in 1837.He studied law at Harvard University.He was admitted to...
(R). Goldsmith F. Bailey (R). Charles Delano
Charles Delano
Charles Delano was a U.S. Representative from Massachusetts.Born in New Braintree, Massachusetts, Delano moved with his parents to Amherst in 1833....
(R). Henry L. Dawes
Henry L. Dawes
Henry Laurens Dawes was a Republican United States Senator and United States Representative, notable for the Dawes Act.-Biography:...
(R)
New Hampshire
. Gilman MarstonGilman Marston
Gilman Marston was a United States Representative, Senator, and United States Army general from New Hampshire.-Early life:...
(R). Edward H. Rollins
Edward H. Rollins
Edward Henry Rollins was a United States Representative and Senator from New Hampshire.-Biography:Born in a part of Somersworth, New Hampshire which is now Rollinsford , he attended the common schools and academies in Dover, New Hampshire and South Berwick, Maine...
(R). Thomas M. Edwards
Thomas M. Edwards
Thomas McKey Edwards was a U.S. Representative from New Hampshire.Born in Keene, New Hampshire, Edwards was tutored privately. He was graduated from Dartmouth College, Hanover, in 1813. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1817, commencing practice in Keene, New Hampshire...
(R)
Rhode Island
. William P. SheffieldWilliam Paine Sheffield (1820-1907)
William Paine Sheffield was a United States Representative and Senator from Rhode Island.-Biography:Born in New Shoreham , he completed preparatory studies, attended Kingston Academy, and graduated from the law department of Harvard University in 1843; he was admitted to the bar in 1844 and...
(U). George H. Browne
George H. Browne
George Huntington Browne was a U.S. Representative from Rhode Island.Born in Gloucester, Rhode Island, Browne attended the public schools and was graduated from Brown University in 1840.He studied law....
(U)
Vermont
. Eliakim P. Walton (R). Justin S. MorrillJustin Smith Morrill
Justin Smith Morrill was a Representative and a Senator from Vermont, most widely remembered today for the Morrill Land-Grant Colleges Act that established federal funding for establishing many of the United States' public colleges and universities...
(R). Portus Baxter
Portus Baxter
Portus Baxter was a banker, farmer, and politician from Vermont, United States.-Early life:Baxter was born in Brownington, Vermont, the son of William and Lydia Baxter. After attending local schools, he completed his education at Norwich Military Academy and the University of Vermont in Burlington...
(R)
North Central
The thirty-eight Representatives from this region will seat 25 Republicans and thirteen Democrats. This region had the closest commercial and social ties to the South due to its sea-going commerce and trans-shipping cotton to local textile plants and for export.New Jersey
. John T. NixonJohn T. Nixon
John Thompson Nixon was an American Republican Party politician who represented New Jersey's 1st congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1859 to 1863....
(R). John L. N. Stratton
John L. N. Stratton
John Leake Newbold Stratton was an American Republican Party politician who represented New Jersey's 2nd congressional district from 1859 to 1863....
(R). William G. Steele
William G. Steele
William Gaston Steele was an American Democratic Party politician who represented New Jersey's 3rd congressional district from 1861 to 1865....
(D). George T. Cobb
George T. Cobb
George Thomas Cobb was an American Democratic Party politician who represented New Jersey's 4th congressional district from 1861 to 1863.-Biography:...
(D). Nehemiah Perry
Nehemiah Perry (congressman)
Nehemiah Perry was an American clerk, cloth manufacturer and Democratic Party politician who represented in the United States House of Representatives from 1861 to 1865....
(D)
New York
. Edward H. SmithEdward H. Smith
Edward Henry Smith was a U.S. Representative from New York during the American Civil War.-Biography:Born in Smithtown, Long Island, New York, Smith attended private schools.He engaged in agricultural pursuits....
(D). Moses F. Odell
Moses F. Odell
Moses Fowler Odell was a U.S. Representative from New York during the American Civil War.-Biography:Born in Tarrytown, New York, Odell completed preparatory studies....
(D). Benjamin Wood
Benjamin Wood
Benjamin Wood was a nineteenth-century American politician from the state of New York during the American Civil War.He was the brother of US congressional representative and New York City Mayor Fernando Wood...
(D). James E. Kerrigan (ID
Independent Democrat
Independent Democrat is a term occasionally adopted by American politicians to refer to their party affiliation. Several elected officials, including members of Congress, have identified as " Independent Democrats."...
). William Wall (R). Frederick A. Conkling
Frederick A. Conkling
Frederick Augustus Cockling was a United States Representative from New York during the American Civil War, and a postbellum banker, insurance company executive, and writer.-Early life:...
(R). Elijah Ward
Elijah Ward
Elijah Ward was a U.S. Congressman during the American Civil War and the Reconstruction era.Ward was born in Sing Sing , New York. He pursued classical studies, engaged in commercial pursuits in New York City and at the same time attended the law department of New York University...
(D). Isaac C. Delaplaine
Isaac C. Delaplaine
Isaac Clason Delaplaine was a lawyer and politician who was a U.S. Representative from New York during the American Civil War....
(D). Edward Haight
Edward Haight
Edward Haight was an American politician and businessman from New York. He served in Congress during the American Civil War....
(D). Charles H. Van Wyck
Charles Van Wyck
Charles Henry Van Wyck was a Representative from New York, a Senator from Nebraska, and a Union Army Brigadier general in the American Civil War.-Early life and political career:...
(R). John B. Steele
John B. Steele
John Benedict Steele was a U.S. Representative from New York in the American Civil War.-Biography:...
(D). Stephen Baker (R). Abram B. Olin
Abram B. Olin
Abram Baldwin Olin was a U.S. Representative from New York, son of Gideon Olin.Born in Shaftsbury, Vermont, Olin attended the common schools, and graduated from Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts, in 1835. He studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1838...
(R). Erastus Corning
Erastus Corning
Erastus Corning I , American businessman and politician, was born in Norwich, Connecticut. Corning moved to Troy, New York at the age of 13 to clerk in the hardware store of an uncle; six years later he moved to Albany, New York, where he joined the mercantile business under James Spencer...
(D)
New York, continued.. James B. McKean
James B. McKean
James Bedell McKean was an American politician from New York and Utah.-Early life:He was one of the professors in Jonesville Academy for some time...
(R). William A. Wheeler
William A. Wheeler
William Almon Wheeler was a Representative from New York and the 19th Vice President of the United States .-Early life and career:...
(R). Socrates N. Sherman
Socrates N. Sherman
Socrates Norton Sherman was a U.S. Representative from New York, a physician, and an officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War.-Biography:...
(R). Chauncey Vibbard
Chauncey Vibbard
Chauncey Vibbard was a U.S. Representative from New York during the American Civil War.-Biography:Born in Galway, New York, Vibbard attended the common schools and was graduated from Mott's Academy for Boys, Albany, New York.He served as clerk in a wholesale grocery store in Albany, New York.He...
(D). Richard Franchot
Richard Franchot
Richard Franchot was a U.S. Representative from New York and then an officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War...
(R). Roscoe Conkling
Roscoe Conkling
Roscoe Conkling was a politician from New York who served both as a member of the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate. He was the leader of the Stalwart faction of the Republican Party and the last person to refuse a U.S. Supreme Court appointment after he had...
(R). R. Holland Duell
R. Holland Duell
Rodolphus Holland Duell was a United States Representative from New York during the American Civil War....
(R). William E. Lansing
William E. Lansing
William Esselstyne Lansing was a U.S. Representative from New York during the American Civil War.-Biography:Born in Perryville, New York, Lansing attended the common schools.He graduated from Cazenovia Seminary in 1841....
(R). Ambrose W. Clark
Ambrose W. Clark
Ambrose Williams Clark was a U.S. Representative from New York during the American Civil War.Born near Cooperstown, New York, Clark attended the public schools. He was publisher of the Otsego Journal 1831-1836, of the Northern Journal in Lewis County 1836-1844, and of the Northern New York...
(R). Charles B. Sedgwick
Charles B. Sedgwick
Charles Baldwin Sedgwick was a U.S. Representative from New York during the American Civil War.-Biography:Sedgwick was born in Pompey, New York, and attended Pompey Hill Academy, and Hamilton College, Clinton, New York...
(R). Theodore M. Pomeroy
Theodore Medad Pomeroy
Theodore Medad Pomeroy was a United States politician. He served in the House of Representatives as a Republican from New York from 1861 to 1869. He also served as the Speaker of the House for about a day...
(R). Jacob P. Chamberlain
Jacob P. Chamberlain
Jacob Payson Chamberlain was a U.S. Representative from New York during the American Civil War.-Biography:Born in Dudley, Massachusetts, Chamberlain moved with his parents to Seneca Falls, New York, in 1807....
(R). Alexander S. Diven
Alexander S. Diven
Alexander Samuel Diven was a U.S. Representative from New York and then an officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War.-Biography:...
(R). Robert B. Van Valkenburg
Robert B. Van Valkenburg
Robert Bruce Van Valkenburg was a United States Representative from New York, officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War, and subsequent US Minister Resident to Japan.-Biography:...
(R). Alfred Ely
Alfred Ely
Alfred Ely was a U.S. Representative from New York. He was elected as a Republican to the Thirty-sixth and Thirty-seventh Congresses , serving New York's 29th congressional district....
(R). Augustus Frank
Augustus Frank
Augustus Frank was a United States Representative from New York during the American Civil War.Born in Warsaw, Wyoming County, he was a nephew of two other U.S. Representatives, William Patterson and George Washington Patterson...
(R). Burt Van Horn
Burt Van Horn
Burt Van Horn was a United States Representative from New York during the American Civil War.-Biography:...
(R). Elbridge G. Spaulding
Elbridge G. Spaulding
Elbridge Gerry Spaulding Elbridge Gerry Spaulding Elbridge Gerry Spaulding (February 24, 1809 - May 5, 1897 was an American lawyer, banker, and politician. He supported the idea for the first U.S...
(R). Reuben E. Fenton
Reuben Fenton
Reuben Eaton Fenton was an American merchant and politician from New York.-Life:He was the son of a farmer. He was elected a colonel of the New York State Militia in 1840. He became a lumber merchant, and entered politics as a Democrat...
(R)
Border North
The 73 seats in this region were split 50 Republican, 23 Democratic. Illinois is the only state here with more Democrats than Repbulicans.These are free-soil states, north of the Mason-Dixon Line
Mason-Dixon line
The Mason–Dixon Line was surveyed between 1763 and 1767 by Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon in the resolution of a border dispute between British colonies in Colonial America. It forms a demarcation line among four U.S. states, forming part of the borders of Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware, and...
. These states had either abolished slavery, or Congress had forbidden it in their Territory, and they had forbidden it at the beginning of their statehood.
Illinois
. Elihu B. WashburneElihu B. Washburne
Elihu Benjamin Washburne was one of seven brothers who played a prominent role in the early formation of the United States Republican Party...
(R). Isaac N. Arnold
Isaac N. Arnold
Isaac Newton Arnold was an American politician and biographer. He served two terms in the United States House of Representatives and was known for his support of the abolition of slavery....
(R). Owen Lovejoy
Owen Lovejoy
Owen Lovejoy was an American lawyer, Congregational minister, abolitionist, and Republican congressman from Illinois. He was also a "conductor" on the Underground Railroad...
(R). William Kellogg
William Kellogg (Illinois)
William Kellogg was a U.S. Representative from Illinois and chief justice of the Nebraska Territory.Born in Kelloggsville, Ohio, Kellogg attended the public schools.He studied law....
(R). William A. Richardson
William Alexander Richardson
William Alexander Richardson was a prominent Illinois Democrat politician before and during the American Civil War....
(D). John A. McClernand
John Alexander McClernand
John Alexander McClernand was an American lawyer and politician, and a Union general in the American Civil War. He was a classic case of the politician-in-uniform coming into conflict with career Army officers, graduates of the United States Military Academy. He was a prominent Democratic...
(D). James C. Robinson
James Carroll Robinson
James Carroll Robinson was a U.S. Representative from Illinois.Born near Paris, Illinois, Robinson moved to Clark County, Illinois, with his parents in 1825.He received a limited schooling....
(D). Philip B. Fouke
Philip B. Fouke
Philip Bond Fouke was a U.S. Representative from Illinois.-Biography:Born in Kaskaskia, Illinois, Fouke attended the public schools and became a civil engineer....
(D). John A. Logan
John A. Logan
John Alexander Logan was an American soldier and political leader. He served in the Mexican-American War and was a general in the Union Army in the American Civil War. He served the state of Illinois as a state senator, congressman and senator and was an unsuccessful candidate for Vice President...
(D)
Indiana
. John LawJohn Law (representative)
John Law was an American politician who represented Indiana in the United States House of Representatives from 1861-1865. He was the son of Lyman Law, and grandson of Richard Law, and Amasa Learned....
(D). James A. Cravens
James A. Cravens
James Addison Cravens was a nineteenth century politician from Indiana. He was the second cousin of James Harrison Cravens.-Biography:...
(D). William McKee Dunn (R). William S. Holman
William S. Holman
William Steele Holman was a lawyer, judge and politician from Dearborn County, Indiana. He was a member of the Democratic Party who served as a U.S. Representative from 1859 to 1865, 1867 to 1877, 1881 to 1895, and 1897, spanning sixteen Congresses...
(D). George W. Julian
George Washington Julian
George Washington Julian was a nineteenth century politician, lawyer and writer who served in Congress from Indiana. He was the son-in-law of Joshua Reed Giddings.-Biography:...
(R). Albert G. Porter
Albert G. Porter
Albert Gallatin Porter was an American politician who served as the 19th Governor of Indiana from 1881 to 1885 and as a United States Congressman from 1859 to 1863. Originally a Democrat, he joined the Republican Party in 1856 after being expelled by the pro-slavery faction of the Democratic Party...
(R). Daniel W. Voorhees
Daniel W. Voorhees
Daniel Wolsey Voorhees was a lawyer and United States Senator from Indiana, who was leader of the Democratic party and an anti-war Copperhead during the American Civil War.-Biography:...
(D). Albert S. White
Albert White (U.S. Senator)
Albert Smith White was a U.S. Senator and Representative from the state of Indiana.White was born in Orange County, New York. He graduated from Union College in Schenectady in 1822, after which he studied law; he entered practice as a lawyer in 1825...
(R). Schuyler Colfax
Schuyler Colfax
Schuyler Colfax, Jr. was a United States Representative from Indiana , Speaker of the House of Representatives , and the 17th Vice President of the United States . To date, he is one of only two Americans to have served as both House speaker and vice president.President Ulysses S...
(R). William Mitchell
William Mitchell (congressman)
William Mitchell was a United States Representative from Indiana. He was born in Root, New York where he attended the public schools. Later, he studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1836. He moved to Kendallville, Indiana and commenced the practice of law...
(R). John P. C. Shanks
John P. C. Shanks
John Peter Cleaver Shanks was a U.S. Representative from Indiana.-Biography:Born in Martinsburg, Virginia , Shanks pursued an academic course. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1848 and commenced practice in Portland, Indiana, in 1849...
(R)
Michigan
. Bradley F. GrangerBradley F. Granger
Bradley Francis Granger was a politician from the U.S. state of Michigan.Granger was born in Lowville, New York and attended the public schools. He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1847, and commenced practice in Tecumseh, Michigan...
(R). Fernando C. Beaman
Fernando C. Beaman
Fernando Cortez Beaman was a politician from the U.S. state of Michigan during and after the American Civil War....
(R). Francis W. Kellogg
Francis William Kellogg
Francis William Kellogg was a U.S. Representative from the states of Michigan and Alabama.-Biography:...
(R). Rowland E. Trowbridge
Rowland E. Trowbridge
Rowland Ebenezer Trowbridge was a politician from the U.S. state of Michigan.Trowbridge was born in Horseheads, New York and moved with his parents in 1821 to Oakland County, Michigan. In 1841, he graduated from Kenyon College in Gambier, Ohio and engaged in agricultural pursuits...
(R)
Ohio
. George H. PendletonGeorge H. Pendleton
George Hunt Pendleton was a Representative and a Senator from Ohio. Nicknamed "Gentleman George" for his demeanor, he was the Democratic nominee for Vice President of the United States during the Civil War in 1864, running as a peace Democrat with war Democrat George B. McClellan; they lost to...
(D). John A. Gurley
John A. Gurley
John Addison Gurley was a U.S. Congressman from Ohio during the early part of the American Civil War. He was appointed as the first Governor of the Arizona Territory, but died before taking office....
(R). Clement Vallandigham
Clement Vallandigham
Clement Laird Vallandigham was an Ohio resident of the Copperhead faction of anti-war Democrats during the American Civil War. He served two terms in the United States House of Representatives.-Biography:...
(D). William Allen
William Allen (congressman)
William Allen was an United States Congressman from Ohio during the early part of the American Civil War....
(D). James M. Ashley (R). Chilton A. White
Chilton A. White
Chilton Allen White was a U.S. Representative from Ohio.Born in Georgetown, Ohio, White attended the public schools and the subscription school run by his father, John D...
(D). Thomas Corwin
Thomas Corwin
Thomas Corwin , also known as Tom Corwin and The Wagon Boy, was a politician from the state of Ohio who served as a prosecuting attorney, a member of the Ohio House of Representatives, the United States House of Representatives, and the United States Senate, and as the 15th Governor of Ohio 20th...
(R). Samuel Shellabarger
Samuel Shellabarger (congressman)
Samuel Shellabarger was a U.S. Representative from Ohio.Born near Enon, Ohio, Shellabarger attended the county schools and was graduated from Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, in 1841.He studied law....
(R). Warren P. Noble
Warren P. Noble
Warren Perry Noble was a U.S. Representative from Ohio.Noble was born in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania near Berwick and eventually moved to Ohio....
(D). Carey A. Trimble
Carey A. Trimble
Carey Allen Trimble was a U.S. Representative from Ohio.Born in Hillsboro, Ohio, Trimble attended Pestalostian School in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and Stubb's Classical School in Newport, Kentucky. He graduated from Ohio University at Athens, Ohio in 1833 and from Cincinnati Medical College in...
(R). Valentine B. Horton
Valentine B. Horton
Valentine Baxter Horton was a U.S. Representative from Ohio during the first two years of the American Civil War.-Biography:...
(R). Samuel S. Cox
Samuel S. Cox
Samuel Sullivan "Sunset" Cox was an American Congressman and diplomat. He represented both Ohio and New York in the United States House of Representatives, and also served as United States Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire.Cox was the grandson of New Jersey Congressman James Cox...
(D)
Ohio, continued.. John Sherman
John Sherman (politician)
John Sherman, nicknamed "The Ohio Icicle" , was a U.S. Representative and U.S. Senator from Ohio during the Civil War and into the late nineteenth century. He served as both Secretary of the Treasury and Secretary of State and was the principal author of the Sherman Antitrust Act...
(R). Harrison G. O. Blake
Harrison G. O. Blake
Harrison Gray Otis Blake was a U.S. Representative from Ohio.Born in Newfane, Vermont, Blake moved to Salem, New York, and in 1830 to Guilford, Ohio.He attended the public schools....
(R). Robert H. Nugen
Robert H. Nugen
Robert Hunter Nugen was a U.S. Representative from Ohio during the American Civil War.Born near Hallidays Cove, Washington County, Pennsylvania, Nugen moved to Ohio in 1811 with his parents, who settled in Columbiana County, Ohio. He received a limited education...
(D). William P. Cutler
William P. Cutler
William Parker Cutler was a U.S. Representative from Ohio.Born in Marietta, Ohio, Cutler was the son of Ephraim Cutler, and grandson of Manasseh Cutler...
(R). James R. Morris
James R. Morris
James Remley Morris was a U.S. Representative from Ohio, son of Joseph Morris.Born in Rogersville, Pennsylvania, Morris attended the public schools.He moved with his parents to Waynesburg, Ohio, in 1829....
(D). Sidney Edgerton
Sidney Edgerton
Sidney Edgerton was a politician, lawyer, judge and teacher from Ohio. He served during the American Civil War, as a Squirrel Hunter. During this time, Edgerton served as a U.S. Congressman. In 1863, Abraham Lincoln appointed him the first Chief justice of the Idaho Territorial Court...
(R). Albert G. Riddle
Albert G. Riddle
Albert Gallatin Riddle was a U.S. Representative from Ohio.Born in Monson, Massachusetts, Riddle moved with his parents to Newbury, in the Western Reserve of Ohio, in 1817. He completed preparatory studies, and then studied law...
(R). John Hutchins
John Hutchins
John Hutchins was a U.S. Representative from Ohio.Hutchins was born in Vienna, Ohio. He was a first cousin of future congressman Wells Andrews Hutchins. He attended the district schools and Western Reserve College in Cleveland, Ohio...
(R). John Bingham
John Bingham
John Armor Bingham was a Republican congressman from Ohio, America, judge advocate in the trial of the Abraham Lincoln assassination and a prosecutor in the impeachment trials of Andrew Johnson...
(R)
Pennsylvania
. William E. LehmanWilliam Eckart Lehman
William Eckart Lehman was a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.- Biography :...
(D). Edward Joy Morris
Edward Joy Morris
Edward Joy Morris was a Whig and Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.Morris was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He attended the common schools and the University of Pennsylvania at Philadelphia...
(R). John P. Verree
John Paul Verree
John Paul Verree was a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.John Paul Verree was born at “Verree Mills,” on Pennypack Creek, near what is now Fox Chase Station, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He engaged in the manufacture of iron and subsequently was a dealer in...
(R). William D. Kelley
William D. Kelley
William D. Kelley was a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania. Kelley was a lifelong advocate of civil rights, social reform, and labor protection.-Early life:...
(R). William Morris Davis
William Morris Davis (congressman)
William Morris Davis , was an abolitionist, author and a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania. Among his friends were the New York sculptor Henry Kirke Brown, and the lock inventor Linus Yale.-Early life:William Morris Davis was born in Keene Valley, New York...
(R). John Hickman
John Hickman (congressman)
John Hickman was a Republican, Democratic and Anti-Lecompton Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.-Early life:...
(R). Thomas B. Cooper
Thomas Buchecker Cooper
Thomas Buchecker Cooper was a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.Thomas B. Cooper was born in Coopersburg, Pennsylvania. He attended the public schools and Pennsylvania College at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania...
(D). Sydenham E. Ancona
Sydenham Elnathan Ancona
Sydenham Elnathan Ancona was a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.Sydenham E. Ancona was born near Lititz, Pennsylvania. He moved to Berks County, Pennsylvania, in 1826 with his parents, who settled near Sculls Hill, Pennsylvania. He attended public and...
(D). Thaddeus Stevens
Thaddeus Stevens
Thaddeus Stevens , of Pennsylvania, was a Republican leader and one of the most powerful members of the United States House of Representatives...
(R). John W. Killinger
John Weinland Killinger
John Weinland Killinger was a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.John W. Killinger was born in Annville, Pennsylvania. He attended the public schools of Annville and the Lebanon Academy in Lebanon, Pennsylvania...
(R). James H. Campbell
James Hepburn Campbell
James Hepburn Campbell was an Opposition Party and Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.-Biography:...
(R). George W. Scranton
George W. Scranton
George Whitfield Scranton was a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania from March 4, 1859, until his death in 1861.-Early life:...
(R). Philip Johnson
Philip Johnson (congressman)
Philip Johnson was a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.Philip Johnson was born in Polkville in Knowlton Township, New Jersey. He moved to Mount Bethel, Pennsylvania, in 1839. He attended the common schools and Lafayette College in Easton, Pennsylvania,...
(D). Galusha A. Grow
Galusha A. Grow
Galusha Aaron Grow was a prominent U.S. politician, lawyer, writer and businessman, and was Speaker of the House of Representatives from 1861 to 1863. He was defeated for reelection in 1862...
(R). James T. Hale
James Tracy Hale
James Tracy Hale was a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.James T. Hale was born in Towanda, Pennsylvania. He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1832 and commenced practice in Bellefonte, Pennsylvania...
(R). Joseph Bailey
Joseph Bailey (congressman)
Joseph Bailey was a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.Joseph Bailey was born in Pennsbury Township, Pennsylvania. He attended the common schools, and learned the trade of a hatter, which he carried on in Parkersville, Pennsylvania. He served in the...
(D). Edward McPherson
Edward McPherson
Edward McPherson was a prominent Pennsylvania newspaperman, attorney, and United States Congressman. As a director of the Gettysburg Battlefield Memorial Association, he effected efforts to protect portions of the Gettysburg Battlefield.-Early life and career:McPherson was born in Gettysburg,...
(R). Samuel S. Blair
Samuel Steel Blair
Samuel Steel Blair was a Republican United States Representative from Pennsylvania.Born in Indiana, Pennsylvania, he attended the public schools and graduated from Jefferson College, Canonsburg, Pennsylvania. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1845...
(R). John Covode
John Covode
John Covode was a United States Congressman and abolitionist.-Early life:Covode was born in West Fairfield, Pennsylvania. After serving an apprenticeship to a blacksmith, he became involved in the Westmoreland Coal Company, serving as the first president of the company in 1854...
(R). Jesse Lazear
Jesse Lazear
Jesse Lazear was a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.Lazear was born in Richhill Township, Greene County, Pennsylvania. He received a limited schooling, taught school, and engaged in mercantile pursuits. He served as Recorder of Deeds for Greene County,...
(D). James K. Moorhead
James K. Moorhead
James Kennedy Moorhead was a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.-Biography:...
(R). Robert McKnight
Robert McKnight
Robert McKnight was a Republican United States Representative from Pennsylvania.Robert McKnight was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He attended the common schools and a private school at Xenia, Ohio. He graduated from Princeton College in 1839. He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1842...
(R). John W. Wallace
John Winfield Wallace
John Winfield Wallace was a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.-Biography:...
(R). John Patton
John Patton (1823-1897)
John Patton was a U.S. Representative from the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. He was the father of Charles Emory Patton, also a U.S. Representative from Pennsylvania , and John Patton Jr., a U.S. Senator from Michigan , and the uncle of William Irvin Swoope, also a U.S...
(R). Elijah Babbitt
Elijah Babbitt
Elijah Babbitt was a Republican United States Representative from Pennsylvania.Babbitt was born in Providence, Rhode Island. He moved with his parents to New York State in 1805. He received an academic education and moved to Milton, Pennsylvania, in 1816...
(R)
Wisconsin
. John F. PotterJohn F. Potter
John Fox Potter nicknamed "Bowie Knife Potter" was a nineteenth century politician, lawyer and judge from Wisconsin.-Biography:...
(R). Luther Hanchett
Luther Hanchett
Luther Hanchett was a U.S. Representative from Wisconsin.Born in Middlebury Ohio, Hanchett attended the common schools.He studied law.He was admitted to the bar in 1846 and commenced practice in Fremont, Ohio....
(R). A. Scott Sloan
A. Scott Sloan
Andrew Scott Sloan, or A. Scott Sloan , was a United States Representative from Wisconsin, brother of Ithamar Conkey Sloan.Born in Morrisville, New York, Sloan attended the public schools and Morrisville Academy....
(R)
Border South and Middle South
Of the 47 Representatives in these six states, 24 are Union Party, 1 Constitutional Union, 6 Democratic, and 15 will be vacant in Virginia and Tennessee.These were "slave holding" states, all south of the Mason-Dixon Line. The border south states had less than 2% to more than 19% of their 1860 population held as slaves, with an average of 13%; middle south states ranged from 25-33% slaves, with an average of 29%. (Deep south 43-57%, except Texas, with 30%.)
Eight seats in Virginia and seven seats in Tennessee represented large numbers of citizens resisting the Lincoln administration of the United States government during the Civil War. They were declared vacant in 37th Congress documents..
Kentucky
. Henry C. Burnett (D). James S. JacksonJames S. Jackson
James Streshly Jackson was a U.S. Representative from Kentucky and a brigadier general in the Union Army during the American Civil War.-Biography:...
(U). Henry Grider
Henry Grider
Henry Grider was a United States Representative from Kentucky. He was born in Garrard County, Kentucky. He pursued an academic course, studied law, and was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Bowling Green, Kentucky....
(U). Aaron Harding
Aaron Harding
Aaron Harding was a United States Representative from Kentucky. He was born near Campbellsville, the seat of Taylor County, where he attended rural schools. He became familiar with the classics, studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1833, having commenced his practice in Greensburg, Kentucky...
(U). Charles A. Wickliffe
Charles A. Wickliffe
Charles Anderson Wickliffe was a U.S. Representative from Kentucky. He also served as Speaker of the Kentucky House of Representatives, the 14th Governor of Kentucky, and was appointed Postmaster General by President John Tyler...
(U). George W. Dunlap
George W. Dunlap
George Washington Dunlap was a U.S. Representative from Kentucky.Born at Walnut Hills, near Lexington, Kentucky, Dunlap pursued preparatory studies.He was graduated from Transylvania University, Lexington, Kentucky, in 1834....
(U). Robert Mallory
Robert Mallory
Robert Mallory was a nineteenth century politician and lawyer from Kentucky.Born in Madison Court House, Virginia, Mallory attended private schools and graduated from the University of Virginia in 1827...
(U). John J. Crittenden
John J. Crittenden
John Jordan Crittenden was a politician from the U.S. state of Kentucky. He represented the state in both the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate and twice served as United States Attorney General in the administrations of William Henry Harrison and Millard Fillmore...
(U). William H. Wadsworth
William H. Wadsworth
William Henry Wadsworth was a U.S. Representative from Kentucky.Born in Maysville, Kentucky, Wadsworth attended town and county private schools....
(U). John W. Menzies
John W. Menzies
John William Menzies was a nineteenth century politician, lawyer and judge from Kentucky.Born in Bryan Station, Kentucky, Menzies attended the common schools as a child and later graduated from the University of Virginia in 1840. He studied law and was admitted to the bar, commencing practice in...
(U)
Maryland
. John W. CrisfieldJohn W. Crisfield
John Woodland Crisfield was a U.S. Congressman from Maryland, representing the sixth district from 1847—1849 and the first district from 1861—1863. The city of Crisfield, Maryland, is named after him. Politically he was a strong supporter of Union during American Civil War, opposing...
(U). Edwin H. Webster
Edwin Hanson Webster
Edwin Hanson Webster was a U.S. Congressman from Maryland, serving the second district for two terms from 1859 until 1865.-Biography:...
(U). Cornelius L. L. Leary (U). Henry May
Henry May (Maryland)
Henry May was a U.S. Representative from Maryland.Born in Washington, D.C., May pursued an academic course. He attended Columbian College , Washington, D.C.. He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1840, and commenced practice...
(U). Francis Thomas
Francis Thomas
Francis Thomas was a Maryland politician who served as the 26th Governor of Maryland from 1842–1844. He also served as a United States Representative from Maryland, representing at separate times the fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh districts.-Early life and career:Thomas was born in Frederick...
(U). Charles B. Calvert
Charles Benedict Calvert
Charles Benedict Calvert was a U.S. Congressman from the sixth district of Maryland, serving one term from 1861–1863. He was an early backer of the inventors of the telegraph, and in 1856 he founded the Maryland Agricultural College, the first agricultural research college in America, now part of...
(U)
Missouri
. Francis P. Blair, Jr.Francis Preston Blair, Jr.
Francis Preston Blair, Jr. was an American politician and Union Army general during the American Civil War. He represented Missouri in both the House of Representatives and the Senate, and he was the Democratic Party's nominee for Vice President in 1868.-Early life and career:Blair was born in...
(R). James S. Rollins
James S. Rollins
James Sidney Rollins was a nineteenth century Missouri politician and lawyer. He helped establish the University of Missouri, led the successful effort to get it located in Boone County, and gained funding for the University with the passage of a series of acts in the Missouri Legislature...
(CU
Constitutional Union Party (United States)
The Constitutional Union Party was a political party in the United States created in 1860. It was made up of conservative former Whigs who wanted to avoid disunion over the slavery issue...
). John B. Clark
John Bullock Clark
John Bullock Clark, Sr. was a member of both the United States Congress and the Confederate Congress.-Biography:...
(D). Elijah H. Norton
Elijah Hise Norton
-Biography:He was born in Russellville, Logan County, Kentucky, November 21, 1821 and attended the public schools and Centre College, Danville, Kentucky He graduated from the law department of Transylvania University, Lexington, Kentucky, in 1842 and was admitted to the bar and commenced practice...
(D). John W. Reid (D). John S. Phelps
John S. Phelps
John Smith Phelps was a politician, soldier during the American Civil War, and the 23rd Governor of Missouri.-Early life and career:...
(D). John W. Noell (D)
Tennessee
. Vacant. Horace MaynardHorace Maynard
Horace Maynard was an American educator, attorney, politician and diplomat active primarily in the second half of the 19th century...
(U). George W. Bridges
George Washington Bridges
George Washington Bridges was an American politician and a member of the United States House of Representatives for the 3rd congressional district of Tennessee.-Biography:...
(U). Andrew J. Clements
Andrew Jackson Clements
Andrew Jackson Clements was a surgeon and an American politician as a member of the United States House of Representatives for the 4th congressional district of Tennessee.-Biography:...
(U). Vacant. Vacant. Vacant. Vacant. Vacant. Vacant
Virginia
. Joseph E. Segar (U), elected October 24, 1861. Vacant. Vacant. Vacant. Vacant. Vacant. Charles H. UptonCharles H. Upton
Charles Horace Upton was a nineteenth century politician and statesman from Massachusetts and Virginia.-Biography:...
(U), elected May 23, 1861. Vacant. Vacant. William G. Brown, Sr.
William G. Brown, Sr.
William Gay Brown, Sr. was a nineteenth century politician and lawyer from Virginia and West Virginia. He was the father of William G. Brown, Jr..-Biography:...
(U). John S. Carlile
John S. Carlile
John Snyder Carlile was an American merchant, lawyer, and politician, including a United States Senator. A strong supporter of the Union cause during the American Civil War, he represented the loyalist faction of Virginia, which was eventually separated into two distinct states over his...
(U). Kellian Whaley
Kellian Whaley
Kellian Van Rensalear Whaley was a nineteenth century congressman from Virginia and West Virginia and major of the 9th West Virginia Volunteer Infantry during the Civil War.-Biography:...
(U). Vacant
Trans-Mississippi West
West of the Mississippi, there were 16 Representatives from states, and 9 Delegates from territories. The states elected nine Republicans and one Democrat. The Territories elected four Republicans, one Democrat and two Independents.When California entered the Union, it broke the free soil - slave state tie in the Senate. Minnesota, and Oregon followed as free soil states. Once Congress was depleted of the secessionist Democrats, the lame duck 36th Congress admitted Kansas as a free state in January, 1861, in time for it to send a Representative to the 37th Congress in March. The Republican Congress elected in 1860 began funding the transcontinental railroad, July, 1862. Nevada was admitted before the end of the Civil War in the next, 38th, Congress.
California
From statehood to 1864, California's representatives were elected at-large, with the top two vote-getters winning election from 1849 to 1858; in 1860 when California gained a seat in the House the top three vote-getters were elected.| District | Incumbents | Status | Candidates | Winners |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| John C. Burch John C. Burch John Chilton Burch was a California Democratic politician and United States Congressman. He served as the Secretary of the United States Senate from 1879 through 1881.... (Democratic) |
Timothy Guy Phelps Timothy Guy Phelps Timothy Guy Phelps was an American business executive and politician. He was the first president of the Southern Pacific Railroad from 1865 until 1868 when the railroad was purchased by members of The Big Four, and saw the railroad build its first tracks south of San Francisco, California.-Early... (Republican) 15.6% Aaron A. Sargent (Republican) 15.3% Frederick Low Frederick Low Frederick Ferdinand Low was an American politician, US congressman and the ninth Governor of California.-Life:Born in Frankfort in 1828, Low attended the Hampden Academy in Hampden, Maine. Low moved to California, entering the shipping business in San Francisco in 1849... (Republican) 11.8% Henry Edgerton (California) (Independent) 10.7% Joseph C. McKibben (Independent) 10.7% Frank Ganahl (Breck. Dem.) 10.2% Henry P. Barber (Independent) 9.5% D. O. Shattuck (Independent) 9.5% John R. Gitchell (Union Dem.) 6.8% |
Timothy Guy Phelps Timothy Guy Phelps Timothy Guy Phelps was an American business executive and politician. He was the first president of the Southern Pacific Railroad from 1865 until 1868 when the railroad was purchased by members of The Big Four, and saw the railroad build its first tracks south of San Francisco, California.-Early... (Republican) |
||
| Charles L. Scott Charles L. Scott Charles Lewis Scott is a former American Democratic politician from California.-Biography:Charles L. Scott was born January 23, 1827 in Richmond, Virginia. His father was Robert G. Scott, well known attorney and politition of Richmond VA who was born in McIntosh Co. GA and died in AL. His mother... (Democratic) |
Retired | Aaron A. Sargent (Republican) |
||
| New seat created | Frederick Low Frederick Low Frederick Ferdinand Low was an American politician, US congressman and the ninth Governor of California.-Life:Born in Frankfort in 1828, Low attended the Hampden Academy in Hampden, Maine. Low moved to California, entering the shipping business in San Francisco in 1849... (Republican) |
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Iowa
. Samuel CurtisSamuel Curtis
Samuel Ryan Curtis was an American military officer, and one of the first Republicans elected to Congress. He was most famous for his role as a Union Army general the Trans-Mississippi Theater of the American Civil War.-Biography:Born near Champlain, New York, Curtis graduated from the United...
(R). William Vandever (R)
Minnesota
. Cyrus AldrichCyrus Aldrich
Cyrus Aldrich was a U.S. Representative from Minnesota.Aldrich was born in Smithfield, Rhode Island, June 18, 1808. He followed the occupations of sailor, boatman, farmer, contractor on public works, and mail contractor, and moved to Illinois and settled in Alton in 1837...
(R). William Windom
William Windom
This page is about the former United States politician. William Windom was an American politician from Minnesota. He served as U.S. Representative from 1859 to 1869, and as U.S. Senator from 1870 to January 1871, from March 1871 to March 1881, and from November 1881 to 1883...
(R)
Non-voting members
- All are trans-Mississippi west non-voting delegates in the 37th Congress. Nevada was admitted as a state in the next Congress.. Hiram P. Bennet (R). John B. S. Todd (D). Samuel G. Daily (R). John CradlebaughJohn CradlebaughJohn Cradlebaugh was the first delegate to the United States House of Representatives from Nevada Territory.-Biography:...
(I). John S. Watts (R). John M. BernhiselJohn Milton BernhiselJohn Milton Bernhisel was an American physician, politician and early member of the Latter-day Saint movement. He was a close friend and companion to both Joseph Smith, Jr. and Brigham Young...
(I). William H. WallaceWilliam H. WallaceWilliam Henson Wallace was an important figure in the early histories of two U.S. states, serving as governor and Congressional delegate from both Washington Territory and Idaho Territory.Wallace's older brother David Wallace served as a Whig Governor of Indiana from 1837 to 1840...
(R)
Vacant state delegations
Forty-three seats represented large numbers of citizens in nine states resisting the Lincoln administration of the United States government during the Civil War. The following state delegations were entirely vacated.The conflict was also called the 'Great Rebellion' in the North, the 'War Between the States' in the South, and the 'American War' in Britain.
- The states of Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee and Virginia are accounted for in the “Border South and Middle South” section above.
Alabama
. Vacant. Vacant. Vacant. Vacant. Vacant. Vacant. VacantGeorgia
. Vacant. Vacant. Vacant. Vacant. Vacant. Vacant. Vacant. VacantLouisiana
. Vacant. Vacant. Vacant. VacantMississippi
. Vacant. Vacant. Vacant. Vacant. VacantNorth Carolina
. Vacant. Vacant. Vacant. Vacant. Vacant. Vacant. Vacant. VacantSouth Carolina
. Vacant. Vacant. Vacant. Vacant. Vacant. VacantSee also
- 37th United States Congress37th United States CongressThe Thirty-seventh United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1861 to March 4, 1863, during the first two...
- United States presidential election, 1860United States presidential election, 1860The United States presidential election of 1860 was a quadrennial election, held on November 6, 1860, for the office of President of the United States and the immediate impetus for the outbreak of the American Civil War. The nation had been divided throughout the 1850s on questions surrounding the...
- United States Senate elections, 1860United States Senate elections, 1860The United States Senate election of 1860 was an election corresponding with Abraham Lincoln's election to the presidency, with the Republican Party gaining control of the United States Senate. As many Southern States seceded following the election, and members left the Senate to join the...