United Nations Security Council Resolution 864
Encyclopedia
United Nations
Security Council Resolution
864, adopted unanimously on September 15, 1993, after reaffirming resolutions 696
(1991), 747
(1992), 785
(1992), 793
(1992), 804
(1993), 811
(1993), 823
(1993), 834
(1993) and 851
(1993), the Council noted the continuing situation in Angola
and went on to condemn and place international sanctions
on UNITA
.
The Security Council expressed its concern about the deteriorating political, military and humanitarian situation in Angola and that, despite all previous resolutions and efforts, peace talks were suspended and no ceasefire
was in effect. Support was given to the efforts of the Secretary-General and his Special Representative Margaret Anstee
to help resolve the crisis through negotiations. The United Nations, therefore, would continue to be present in Angola in order to secure full implementation of the "Acordos de Paz" peace agreements.
The resolution extended the current mandate of the United Nations Angola Verification Mission II
(UNAVEM II) until December 15, 1993. In the event of significant progress in the peace process, the presence would be increased. The position of the Angolan government to resolve the conflict peacefully was welcomed, while UNITA was reminded to accept the results of the 1992 elections. UNITA was also condemned for its military actions and attempts to seize territory which had caused suffering to the civilian population and Angolan economy
, with the Council demanding that all such actions cease. Attacks by UNITA on United Nations humanitarian personnel in violation of international humanitarian law
were condemned, urging both UNITA and the Government of Angola to ensure the safety of UNAVEM II staff and other humanitarian personnel. The Council also reiterated its demand that UNITA release all foreign hostage
s held against their will.
The Council continued by strongly condemning UNITA, holding its leadership responsible for not commplying with previous Security Council resolutions. In this regard, it determined UNITA's actions and the situation in Angola to be a threat to international peace and security and imposed sanctions on UNITA under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter
. Therefore, within 10 days following the adoption of the current resolution, the following measures would take effect unless the Secretary-General reported that a ceasefire was in force and an agreement on the implementation of the peace agreement and United Nations resolutions had been reached. If the ceasefire or agreements were not observed, the sanctions would be reimposed and take effect immediately. All countries were prohibited from selling arms
, petroleum
and related products to UNITA, except for some places that were determined by the Angolan government, notwithstanding any international agreements, commitments, contracts or licenses. Proceedings would be brought against any persons or entities violating the resolution.
A Committee of the Security Council was then established which would monitor implementation of Resolution 864. Its functions were to:
examine reports by the Secretary-General; seek further information from countries regarding what action they are taking to implement the current resolution; consider information concerning violations of the sanctions; make periodic reports on the violations and implementation of Resolution 864; devise guidelines that facilitate export
s.
The Council called upon all states to report to the Secretary-General by October 15, 1993 on the measures they had adopted, providing all necessary assistance to the Committee. The imposition of further measures including travel restrictions and trade measures would be considered if no ceasefire had been agreed and the peace agreements were not implemented, or reviewed, if the agreement and ceasefire had been carried out.
The resolution concluded by requesting Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali
to report back on the implementation of the current resolution and other developments by November 1, 1993 and December 15, 1993, including on recommendations for the future role of the United Nations in the peace process.
United Nations
The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace...
Security Council Resolution
United Nations Security Council Resolution
A United Nations Security Council resolution is a UN resolution adopted by the fifteen members of the Security Council; the UN body charged with "primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security"....
864, adopted unanimously on September 15, 1993, after reaffirming resolutions 696
United Nations Security Council Resolution 696
United Nations Security Council Resolution 696, adopted unanimously on May 30, 1991, after noting the recent desire to sign the Bicesse Accords between the MPLA and UNITA in Angola, the recent withdrawal of all Cuban troops and considering a report by the Secretary-General, the Council approved...
(1991), 747
United Nations Security Council Resolution 747
United Nations Security Council Resolution 747, adopted unanimously on March 24, 1992, after recalling Resolution 696 and noting a report by the Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali, the Council approved the report concerning observations of elections and an enlargement for the United Nations...
(1992), 785
United Nations Security Council Resolution 785
United Nations Security Council Resolution 785, adopted unanimously on October 30, 1992, after recalling resolutions 696 and 747 , and expressing its concern at the deteriorating political situation and the resumption of hostilities by UNITA in Angola, the Council approved a recommendation by the...
(1992), 793
United Nations Security Council Resolution 793
United Nations Security Council Resolution 793, adopted unanimously on November 30, 1992, after recalling resolutions 696 , 747 and 785 , and expressing its concern at the deteriorating political situation and the resumption of hostilities in Angola, the Council approved a recommendation by the...
(1992), 804
United Nations Security Council Resolution 804
United Nations Security Council Resolution 804, adopted unanimously on January 29, 1993, after reaffirming resolutions 696 , 747 , 785 and 793 , and expressing its concern at lack of implementation of the "Acordos de Paz para Angola" in Angola, the Council approved a recommendation by the...
(1993), 811
United Nations Security Council Resolution 811
United Nations Security Council Resolution 811, adopted unanimously on March 12, 1993, after reaffirming resolutions 696 , 747 , 785 , 793 and 804 , the Council expressed its concern at recent fighting and condemned the violations of the "Acordos de Paz" peace agreement in Angola by UNITA,...
(1993), 823
United Nations Security Council Resolution 823
United Nations Security Council Resolution 823, adopted unanimously on April 30, 1993, after reaffirming resolutions 696 , 747 , 785 , 793 , 804 and 811 , the Council expressed support for the ongoing peace talks in Abidjan between the Government of Angola and UNITA under United Nations auspices...
(1993), 834
United Nations Security Council Resolution 834
United Nations Security Council Resolution 834, adopted unanimously on June 1, 1993, after reaffirming resolutions 696 , 747 , 785 , 793 , 804 , 811 and 823 , the Council indicated its concern at the deteriorating political, military and humanitarian situation inAngola and extended the mandate of...
(1993) and 851
United Nations Security Council Resolution 851
United Nations Security Council Resolution 851, adopted unanimously on July 15, 1993, after reaffirming resolutions 696 , 747 , 785 , 793 , 804 , 811 , 823 and 834 , the Council noted the continuing deterioration of the situation in Angola and extended the mandate of the United Nations Angola...
(1993), the Council noted the continuing situation in Angola
Angola
Angola, officially the Republic of Angola , is a country in south-central Africa bordered by Namibia on the south, the Democratic Republic of the Congo on the north, and Zambia on the east; its west coast is on the Atlantic Ocean with Luanda as its capital city...
and went on to condemn and place international sanctions
International sanctions
International sanctions are actions taken by countries against others for political reasons, either unilaterally or multilaterally.There are several types of sanctions....
on UNITA
UNITA
The National Union for the Total Independence of Angola is the second-largest political party in Angola. Founded in 1966, UNITA fought with the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola in the Angolan War for Independence and then against the MPLA in the ensuing civil war .The war was one...
.
The Security Council expressed its concern about the deteriorating political, military and humanitarian situation in Angola and that, despite all previous resolutions and efforts, peace talks were suspended and no ceasefire
Ceasefire
A ceasefire is a temporary stoppage of a war in which each side agrees with the other to suspend aggressive actions. Ceasefires may be declared as part of a formal treaty, but they have also been called as part of an informal understanding between opposing forces...
was in effect. Support was given to the efforts of the Secretary-General and his Special Representative Margaret Anstee
Margaret Anstee
Dame Margaret Joan Anstee, DCMG served at the United Nations for over four decades , rising to the rank of Under-Secretary General in 1987. She worked on operational programmes of economic and social development in all regions of the world, mostly with the United Nations Development Programme...
to help resolve the crisis through negotiations. The United Nations, therefore, would continue to be present in Angola in order to secure full implementation of the "Acordos de Paz" peace agreements.
The resolution extended the current mandate of the United Nations Angola Verification Mission II
United Nations Angola Verification Mission II
The United Nations Angola Verification Mission II , established May 1991 and lasting until February 1995, was the second United Nations peacekeeping mission, of a total of four, deployed to Angola during the course of the Angolan Civil War, the longest war in modern African history...
(UNAVEM II) until December 15, 1993. In the event of significant progress in the peace process, the presence would be increased. The position of the Angolan government to resolve the conflict peacefully was welcomed, while UNITA was reminded to accept the results of the 1992 elections. UNITA was also condemned for its military actions and attempts to seize territory which had caused suffering to the civilian population and Angolan economy
Economy of Angola
The Economy of Angola is one of the fastest-growing economies in the world, with the Economist asserting that for 2001 to 2010, Angolas' Annual average GDP growth was 11.1 percent. It is still recovering from the Angolan Civil War that plagued Angola from independence in 1975 until 2002...
, with the Council demanding that all such actions cease. Attacks by UNITA on United Nations humanitarian personnel in violation of international humanitarian law
International humanitarian law
International humanitarian law , often referred to as the laws of war, the laws and customs of war or the law of armed conflict, is the legal corpus that comprises "the Geneva Conventions and the Hague Conventions, as well as subsequent treaties, case law, and customary international law." It...
were condemned, urging both UNITA and the Government of Angola to ensure the safety of UNAVEM II staff and other humanitarian personnel. The Council also reiterated its demand that UNITA release all foreign hostage
Hostage
A hostage is a person or entity which is held by a captor. The original definition meant that this was handed over by one of two belligerent parties to the other or seized as security for the carrying out of an agreement, or as a preventive measure against certain acts of war...
s held against their will.
The Council continued by strongly condemning UNITA, holding its leadership responsible for not commplying with previous Security Council resolutions. In this regard, it determined UNITA's actions and the situation in Angola to be a threat to international peace and security and imposed sanctions on UNITA under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter
Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter
Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter sets out the UN Security Council's powers to maintain peace. It allows the Council to "determine the existence of any threat to the peace, breach of the peace, or act of aggression" and to take military and nonmilitary action to "restore international peace...
. Therefore, within 10 days following the adoption of the current resolution, the following measures would take effect unless the Secretary-General reported that a ceasefire was in force and an agreement on the implementation of the peace agreement and United Nations resolutions had been reached. If the ceasefire or agreements were not observed, the sanctions would be reimposed and take effect immediately. All countries were prohibited from selling arms
Weapon
A weapon, arm, or armament is a tool or instrument used with the aim of causing damage or harm to living beings or artificial structures or systems...
, petroleum
Petroleum
Petroleum or crude oil is a naturally occurring, flammable liquid consisting of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights and other liquid organic compounds, that are found in geologic formations beneath the Earth's surface. Petroleum is recovered mostly through oil drilling...
and related products to UNITA, except for some places that were determined by the Angolan government, notwithstanding any international agreements, commitments, contracts or licenses. Proceedings would be brought against any persons or entities violating the resolution.
A Committee of the Security Council was then established which would monitor implementation of Resolution 864. Its functions were to:
examine reports by the Secretary-General; seek further information from countries regarding what action they are taking to implement the current resolution; consider information concerning violations of the sanctions; make periodic reports on the violations and implementation of Resolution 864; devise guidelines that facilitate export
Export
The term export is derived from the conceptual meaning as to ship the goods and services out of the port of a country. The seller of such goods and services is referred to as an "exporter" who is based in the country of export whereas the overseas based buyer is referred to as an "importer"...
s.
The Council called upon all states to report to the Secretary-General by October 15, 1993 on the measures they had adopted, providing all necessary assistance to the Committee. The imposition of further measures including travel restrictions and trade measures would be considered if no ceasefire had been agreed and the peace agreements were not implemented, or reviewed, if the agreement and ceasefire had been carried out.
The resolution concluded by requesting Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali
Boutros Boutros-Ghali
Boutros Boutros-Ghali is an Egyptian politician and diplomat who was the sixth Secretary-General of the United Nations from January 1992 to December 1996...
to report back on the implementation of the current resolution and other developments by November 1, 1993 and December 15, 1993, including on recommendations for the future role of the United Nations in the peace process.
See also
- United Nations Security Council Resolution 1173United Nations Security Council Resolution 1173United Nations Security Council Resolution 1173, adopted unanimously on June 12, 1998, after reaffirming Resolution 696 and all subsequent resolutions on Angola, particularly Resolution 1127 , the Council announced its intention to impose further sanctions against UNITA for non-compliance, unless...
- Angolan Civil WarAngolan Civil WarThe Angolan Civil War was a major civil conflict in the Southern African state of Angola, beginning in 1975 and continuing, with some interludes, until 2002. The war began immediately after Angola became independent from Portugal in November 1975. Prior to this, a decolonisation conflict had taken...
- Angolan legislative election, 1992
- Angolan presidential election, 1992Angolan presidential election, 1992General elections were held in Angola on 29 and 30 September 1992 to elect a President and National Assembly, the first time multi-party elections had been held in the country. They followed the signing of the Bicesse Accord on 31 May 1991 in an attempt to end the 17-year long civil war...
- List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 801 to 900 (1993 – 1994)
- United Nations Angola Verification Mission IIIUnited Nations Angola Verification Mission IIIThe United Nations Angola Verification Mission III is a peacekeeping mission that began operating in Angola in February 1995 during the civil war. It was established by the United Nations Security Council in Resolution 976....
- Fowler ReportFowler ReportThe Fowler Report, released on March 14, 2000, is a United Nations report detailing how various companies, African and European governments, including that of Angola and the political wing of UNITA, violated the Lusaka Protocol as well as UN-imposed sanctions...
- Kimberley Process Certification Scheme