United Nations Security Council Resolution 1945
Encyclopedia
United Nations
Security Council Resolution
1945, adopted on October 14, 2010, after recalling previous resolutions on the situation in Sudan
, the Council extended the mandate of an expert panel monitoring an arms embargo
and other sanctions on groups that "impede peace in Sudan" until October 19, 2011.
The resolution was approved by 14 votes to none against and one abstention
from China
, which expressed doubts about the objectivity of the expert panel and its latest report.
signed in 2005, including the attractiveness of unity and a referendum on their right to self-determination
in Southern Sudan. It was committed towards a peaceful solution to the conflict in Darfur, and welcomed the restoration of Chad–Sudan relations in January 2010 with regard to accusations of support of rebel groups in each other's territory.
The preamble of the resolution also expressed concern about the increase in violence, including inter-tribal fighting, impunity
, attacks on peacekeepers
and sexual and gender-based violence. The Council demanded an end to military actions, including aerial bombardment, sexual violence
against civilians and the use of child soldiers
. It noted restrictions on the freedom of movement
of the expert panel, and determined that the situation in the country remained a threat to international peace and security.
, the Council extended the mandate
of the expert panel monitoring the arms embargo was extended until October 19, 2011, which was originally established by Resolution 1591
(2005). It was asked to report on its work and co-ordinate activities with the African Union – United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID). All countries, United Nations agencies, the African Union
and others were urged to co-operate with the expert panel by providing information when requested. Regional states in particular were required to report on steps they had taken to implement measures contained in resolutions 1556
(2004) and 1591.
The resolution also determined that all countries, including Sudan
, had to notify the Committee established in Resolution 1591 before any assistance or supplies were provided into the Darfur
region.
United Nations
The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace...
Security Council Resolution
United Nations Security Council Resolution
A United Nations Security Council resolution is a UN resolution adopted by the fifteen members of the Security Council; the UN body charged with "primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security"....
1945, adopted on October 14, 2010, after recalling previous resolutions on the situation in Sudan
Sudan
Sudan , officially the Republic of the Sudan , is a country in North Africa, sometimes considered part of the Middle East politically. It is bordered by Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the northeast, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east, South Sudan to the south, the Central African Republic to the...
, the Council extended the mandate of an expert panel monitoring an arms embargo
Arms embargo
An arms embargo is an embargo that applies to weaponry. It may also include "dual use" items. An arms embargo may serve one or more purposes:# to signal disapproval of behavior by a certain actor,# to maintain neutral standing in an ongoing conflict, or...
and other sanctions on groups that "impede peace in Sudan" until October 19, 2011.
The resolution was approved by 14 votes to none against and one abstention
Abstention
Abstention is a term in election procedure for when a participant in a vote either does not go to vote or, in parliamentary procedure, is present during the vote, but does not cast a ballot. Abstention must be contrasted with "blank vote", in which a voter casts a ballot willfully made invalid by...
from China
People's Republic of China
China , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...
, which expressed doubts about the objectivity of the expert panel and its latest report.
Observations
The Security Council sought the full and timely implementation of the final phase of the Comprehensive Peace AgreementComprehensive Peace Agreement
The Comprehensive Peace Agreement , also known as the Naivasha Agreement, was a set of agreements culminating in January 2005 that were signed between the Sudan People's Liberation Movement and the Government of Sudan...
signed in 2005, including the attractiveness of unity and a referendum on their right to self-determination
Southern Sudanese independence referendum, 2011
A referendum took place in Southern Sudan from 9 to 15 January 2011, on whether the region should remain a part of Sudan or become independent. The referendum was one of the consequences of the 2005 Naivasha Agreement between the Khartoum central government and the Sudan People's Liberation...
in Southern Sudan. It was committed towards a peaceful solution to the conflict in Darfur, and welcomed the restoration of Chad–Sudan relations in January 2010 with regard to accusations of support of rebel groups in each other's territory.
The preamble of the resolution also expressed concern about the increase in violence, including inter-tribal fighting, impunity
Impunity
Impunity means "exemption from punishment or loss or escape from fines". In the international law of human rights, it refers to the failure to bring perpetrators of human rights violations to justice and, as such, itself constitutes a denial of the victims' right to justice and redress...
, attacks on peacekeepers
Peacekeeping
Peacekeeping is an activity that aims to create the conditions for lasting peace. It is distinguished from both peacebuilding and peacemaking....
and sexual and gender-based violence. The Council demanded an end to military actions, including aerial bombardment, sexual violence
Sexual violence
Sexual violence occurs throughout the world, although in most countries there has been little research conducted on the problem. Due to the private nature of sexual violence, estimating the extent of the problem is difficult...
against civilians and the use of child soldiers
Military use of children
The military use of children takes three distinct forms: children can take direct part in hostilities , or they can be used in support roles such as porters, spies, messengers, look outs, and sexual slaves; or they can be used for political advantage either as human shields or in...
. It noted restrictions on the freedom of movement
Freedom of movement
Freedom of movement, mobility rights or the right to travel is a human right concept that the constitutions of numerous states respect...
of the expert panel, and determined that the situation in the country remained a threat to international peace and security.
Acts
Acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations CharterChapter VII of the United Nations Charter
Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter sets out the UN Security Council's powers to maintain peace. It allows the Council to "determine the existence of any threat to the peace, breach of the peace, or act of aggression" and to take military and nonmilitary action to "restore international peace...
, the Council extended the mandate
Mandate (international law)
In international law, a mandate is a binding obligation issued from an inter-governmental organization like the United Nations to a country which is bound to follow the instructions of the organization....
of the expert panel monitoring the arms embargo was extended until October 19, 2011, which was originally established by Resolution 1591
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1591
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1591, adopted on March 29, 2005, after recalling resolutions 1547 , 1556 , 1564 , 1574 , 1585 , 1588 and 1590 on the situation in Sudan, the Council placed a travel ban and asset freeze on those "impeding the peace process" in Darfur.The resolution was...
(2005). It was asked to report on its work and co-ordinate activities with the African Union – United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID). All countries, United Nations agencies, the African Union
African Union
The African Union is a union consisting of 54 African states. The only all-African state not in the AU is Morocco. Established on 9 July 2002, the AU was formed as a successor to the Organisation of African Unity...
and others were urged to co-operate with the expert panel by providing information when requested. Regional states in particular were required to report on steps they had taken to implement measures contained in resolutions 1556
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1556
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1556, adopted unanimously on July 30, 2004, after recalling resolutions 1502 and 1547 on the situation in Sudan, the Council demanded that the Sudanese government disarm the Janjaweed militia and bring to justice those who had committed violations of...
(2004) and 1591.
The resolution also determined that all countries, including Sudan
Sudan
Sudan , officially the Republic of the Sudan , is a country in North Africa, sometimes considered part of the Middle East politically. It is bordered by Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the northeast, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east, South Sudan to the south, the Central African Republic to the...
, had to notify the Committee established in Resolution 1591 before any assistance or supplies were provided into the Darfur
Darfur
Darfur is a region in western Sudan. An independent sultanate for several hundred years, it was incorporated into Sudan by Anglo-Egyptian forces in 1916. The region is divided into three federal states: West Darfur, South Darfur, and North Darfur...
region.
See also
- African Union – United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur
- List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 1901 to 2000 (2009 – 2011)
- United Nations Mission in SudanUnited Nations Mission in SudanThe United Nations Mission in the Sudan was established by the UN Security Council under Resolution 1590 of 24 March 2005, in response to the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement between the government of the Sudan and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement on January 9, 2005 in Nairobi,...
- War in DarfurWar in DarfurThe Darfur Conflict was a guerrilla conflict or civil war centered on the Darfur region of Sudan. It began in February 2003 when the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army and Justice and Equality Movement groups in Darfur took up arms, accusing the Sudanese government of oppressing non-Arab Sudanese in...
External links
- Text of Resolution at ReliefWebReliefWebReliefWeb is an on-line gateway to information on humanitarian emergencies and disasters. An independent vehicle of information, designed specifically to assist the international humanitarian community in effective delivery of emergency assistance, it provides information as events unfold, while...
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