United Nations Security Council Resolution 1591
Encyclopedia
United Nations
Security Council Resolution
1591, adopted on March 29, 2005, after recalling resolutions 1547
(2004), 1556
(2004), 1564
(2004), 1574
(2004), 1585
(2005), 1588
(2005) and 1590
(2005) on the situation in Sudan
, the Council placed a travel ban and asset freeze on those "impeding the peace process" in Darfur
.
The resolution was adopted by 12 votes in favour to none against and three abstention
s from Algeria
, China
and Russia
, who all expressed objections to the use of international sanctions
and believed that the resolution failed to recognise the progress made by the Sudanese government.
in Nairobi
, Kenya
, by the Sudanese government and Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement (SPLA/M). It recognised that the parties to the agreement had to bring about peace and prevent further violations of human rights
and of the ceasefire
in Darfur
. The Security Council was also concerned about the humanitarian situation and the safety of aid workers, and called on all parties to co-operate with the African Union
Mission in Darfur.
, the Security Council deplored the actions of the Sudanese government, rebel and other armed groups in Darfur for failing in their commitments to the Council and continuing ceasefire violations. There were airstrike
s by the government, which had also not disarmed
the Janjaweed
militia. In this regard, the Council established a Committee to oversee the implementation of Security Council demands against the parties involved in the conflict, and investigate individuals responsible for human rights violations. It was instructed to report regularly to the Council on the situation.
The resolution placed restrictions on those "impeding the peace process" in Darfur, including a travel ban and asset freeze, to enter into force within 30 days unless the parties complied with the Security Council. The Council concluded by reiterating that further measures would be taken in the event of non-compliance by any of the parties.
United Nations
The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace...
Security Council Resolution
United Nations Security Council Resolution
A United Nations Security Council resolution is a UN resolution adopted by the fifteen members of the Security Council; the UN body charged with "primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security"....
1591, adopted on March 29, 2005, after recalling resolutions 1547
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1547
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1547, adopted unanimously on June 11, 2004, after welcoming the commitment of the Sudanese government and Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement to work towards a full ceasefire and peace agreement to end the Second Sudanese Civil War, the Council...
(2004), 1556
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1556
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1556, adopted unanimously on July 30, 2004, after recalling resolutions 1502 and 1547 on the situation in Sudan, the Council demanded that the Sudanese government disarm the Janjaweed militia and bring to justice those who had committed violations of...
(2004), 1564
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1564
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1564, adopted on September 18, 2004, after recalling resolutions 1502 , 1547 and 1556 , the Council threatened the imposition of sanctions against Sudan if it failed to comply with its obligations on Darfur, and an internaional inquiry was established to...
(2004), 1574
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1574
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1574, adopted unanimously at a meeting in Nairobi, Kenya, on November 19, 2004, after recalling resolutions 1547 , 1556 and 1564 , the Council welcomed political efforts to resolve the conflicts in Sudan and reiterated its readiness to establish a mission...
(2004), 1585
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1585
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1585, adopted unanimously on March 10, 2005, after recalling resolutions 1547 , 1556 and 1574 on the situation in Sudan, the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Advance Mission in Sudan for a period of one week.The mandate was extended...
(2005), 1588
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1588
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1588, adopted unanimously on March 17, 2005, after recalling resolutions 1547 , 1556 , 1574 and 1585 on the situation in Sudan, the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Advance Mission in Sudan for a period of one week.The mandate was...
(2005) and 1590
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1590
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1590, adopted unanimously on 24 March 2005, after recalling resolutions 1547 , 1556 , 1564 , 1574 , 1585 and 1588 on the situation in Sudan, the Council established the United Nations Mission in Sudan for an initial period of six months.The passage of...
(2005) on the situation in Sudan
Sudan
Sudan , officially the Republic of the Sudan , is a country in North Africa, sometimes considered part of the Middle East politically. It is bordered by Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the northeast, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east, South Sudan to the south, the Central African Republic to the...
, the Council placed a travel ban and asset freeze on those "impeding the peace process" in Darfur
Darfur
Darfur is a region in western Sudan. An independent sultanate for several hundred years, it was incorporated into Sudan by Anglo-Egyptian forces in 1916. The region is divided into three federal states: West Darfur, South Darfur, and North Darfur...
.
The resolution was adopted by 12 votes in favour to none against and three abstention
Abstention
Abstention is a term in election procedure for when a participant in a vote either does not go to vote or, in parliamentary procedure, is present during the vote, but does not cast a ballot. Abstention must be contrasted with "blank vote", in which a voter casts a ballot willfully made invalid by...
s from Algeria
Algeria
Algeria , officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria , also formally referred to as the Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria, is a country in the Maghreb region of Northwest Africa with Algiers as its capital.In terms of land area, it is the largest country in Africa and the Arab...
, China
People's Republic of China
China , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...
and Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
, who all expressed objections to the use of international sanctions
International sanctions
International sanctions are actions taken by countries against others for political reasons, either unilaterally or multilaterally.There are several types of sanctions....
and believed that the resolution failed to recognise the progress made by the Sudanese government.
Observations
In the preamble of the resolution, the Council welcomed of the Comprehensive Peace AgreementComprehensive Peace Agreement
The Comprehensive Peace Agreement , also known as the Naivasha Agreement, was a set of agreements culminating in January 2005 that were signed between the Sudan People's Liberation Movement and the Government of Sudan...
in Nairobi
Nairobi
Nairobi is the capital and largest city of Kenya. The city and its surrounding area also forms the Nairobi County. The name "Nairobi" comes from the Maasai phrase Enkare Nyirobi, which translates to "the place of cool waters". However, it is popularly known as the "Green City in the Sun" and is...
, Kenya
Kenya
Kenya , officially known as the Republic of Kenya, is a country in East Africa that lies on the equator, with the Indian Ocean to its south-east...
, by the Sudanese government and Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement (SPLA/M). It recognised that the parties to the agreement had to bring about peace and prevent further violations of human rights
Human rights
Human rights are "commonly understood as inalienable fundamental rights to which a person is inherently entitled simply because she or he is a human being." Human rights are thus conceived as universal and egalitarian . These rights may exist as natural rights or as legal rights, in both national...
and of the ceasefire
Ceasefire
A ceasefire is a temporary stoppage of a war in which each side agrees with the other to suspend aggressive actions. Ceasefires may be declared as part of a formal treaty, but they have also been called as part of an informal understanding between opposing forces...
in Darfur
Darfur
Darfur is a region in western Sudan. An independent sultanate for several hundred years, it was incorporated into Sudan by Anglo-Egyptian forces in 1916. The region is divided into three federal states: West Darfur, South Darfur, and North Darfur...
. The Security Council was also concerned about the humanitarian situation and the safety of aid workers, and called on all parties to co-operate with the African Union
African Union
The African Union is a union consisting of 54 African states. The only all-African state not in the AU is Morocco. Established on 9 July 2002, the AU was formed as a successor to the Organisation of African Unity...
Mission in Darfur.
Acts
Acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations CharterChapter VII of the United Nations Charter
Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter sets out the UN Security Council's powers to maintain peace. It allows the Council to "determine the existence of any threat to the peace, breach of the peace, or act of aggression" and to take military and nonmilitary action to "restore international peace...
, the Security Council deplored the actions of the Sudanese government, rebel and other armed groups in Darfur for failing in their commitments to the Council and continuing ceasefire violations. There were airstrike
Airstrike
An air strike is an attack on a specific objective by military aircraft during an offensive mission. Air strikes are commonly delivered from aircraft such as fighters, bombers, ground attack aircraft, attack helicopters, and others...
s by the government, which had also not disarmed
Disarmament
Disarmament is the act of reducing, limiting, or abolishing weapons. Disarmament generally refers to a country's military or specific type of weaponry. Disarmament is often taken to mean total elimination of weapons of mass destruction, such as nuclear arms...
the Janjaweed
Janjaweed
The Janjaweed is a blanket term used to describe mostly gunmen in Darfur, western Sudan, and now eastern Chad...
militia. In this regard, the Council established a Committee to oversee the implementation of Security Council demands against the parties involved in the conflict, and investigate individuals responsible for human rights violations. It was instructed to report regularly to the Council on the situation.
The resolution placed restrictions on those "impeding the peace process" in Darfur, including a travel ban and asset freeze, to enter into force within 30 days unless the parties complied with the Security Council. The Council concluded by reiterating that further measures would be taken in the event of non-compliance by any of the parties.
See also
- African Union Mission in SudanAfrican Union Mission in SudanThe African Union Mission in Sudan was an African Union peacekeeping force operating primarily in the country's western region of Darfur with the aim of performing peacekeeping operations related to the Darfur conflict. Originally founded in 2004, with a force of 150 troops, by mid-2005, its...
- African Union – United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur
- International response to the War in Darfur
- List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 1501 to 1600 (2003 – 2005)
- Timeline of the War in Darfur
- United Nations Mission in SudanUnited Nations Mission in SudanThe United Nations Mission in the Sudan was established by the UN Security Council under Resolution 1590 of 24 March 2005, in response to the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement between the government of the Sudan and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement on January 9, 2005 in Nairobi,...
- War in DarfurWar in DarfurThe Darfur Conflict was a guerrilla conflict or civil war centered on the Darfur region of Sudan. It began in February 2003 when the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army and Justice and Equality Movement groups in Darfur took up arms, accusing the Sudanese government of oppressing non-Arab Sudanese in...