Unicode cuneiform - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

In Unicode
Unicode
Unicode is a computing industry standard for the consistent encoding, representation and handling of text expressed in most of the world's writing systems...

, the Sumero-Akkadian Cuneiform script
Cuneiform script
Cuneiform script )) is one of the earliest known forms of written expression. Emerging in Sumer around the 30th century BC, with predecessors reaching into the late 4th millennium , cuneiform writing began as a system of pictographs...

is covered in two blocks
Unicode block
In Unicode, a block is defined as one contiguous range of code points. Blocks are named uniquely and have no overlap. They may be defined with the starting and ending code points. The block explicitly can include code points that are unassigned and non-characters. Code points not belonging to any...

:

U+12000–U+1237F Cuneiform (879 assigned characters)
U+12400–U+1247F Cuneiform Numbers and Punctuation (103 assigned characters)

These blocks, in version 6.0, are in the in the Supplementary Multilingual Plane (SMP).

The sample glyphs in the chart file published by the Unicode Consortium show the characters in their Classical Sumerian form (Early Dynastic period, mid 3rd millennium BCE). The characters as written during the 2nd and 1st millennia BCE, the era during which the vast majority of cuneiform texts were written, are considered font variants of the same characters.

The character set as published in version 5.2 has been criticized, mostly because of its treatment of a number of common characters as ligatures, omitting them from the encoding standard.

History

The final proposal for Unicode encoding of the script was submitted by two cuneiform scholars working with an experienced Unicode proposal writer in June 2004.
The base character inventory is derived from the list of Ur III signs compiled by the Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative

Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative

The Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative is an international digital library project aimed at putting text and images of an estimated 500,000 recovered cuneiform tablets created from between roughly 3350 BC and the end of the pre-Christian era online. The principal investigators for the project...

of UCLA based on the inventories of Miguel Civil, Rykle Borger (2003), and Robert Englund. Rather than opting for a direct ordering by glyph shape and complexity, according to the numbering of an existing catalogue, the Unicode order of glyphs was based on the Latin alphabetic order of their 'main' Sumerian transliteration as a practical approximation.

Character inventory and ordering

Of the 907 signs listed by Borger (2003), some 200 have no encoding at a single codepoint. Conversely, a number of combinations considered reducible by Borger were assigned unique codepoints. These differences are due to the difficulty of establishing what represents a single character in cuneiform, and indeed most of Borger's items not encoded have straightforward etymological decomposition. There are still quite a number of universally recognized signs missing, and criticism has been voiced to the effect that the encoding "disregards an important part of the accumulated knowledge of generations of assyriologists about what actually function as single signs in normal texts, and are reflected in the traditional sign lists, most recently and comprehensively Borger's Mesopotamische Zeichenliste". For example, NIN "lady" (in many names of goddesses such as Ninhursag

Ninhursag

In Sumerian mythology, Ninhursag or Ninkharsag was the earth and mother goddess, one of the seven great deities of Sumer. She is principally a fertility goddess. Temple hymn sources identify her as the 'true and great lady of heaven' and kings of Sumer were 'nourished by Ninhursag's milk'...

, Ninlil

Ninlil

In Sumerian religion, Ninlil , also called Sud, in Assyrian called Mullitu, is the consort goddess of Enlil. Her parentage is variously described. Most commonly she is called the daughter of Haia and Nunbarsegunu...

, Ninsar

Ninsar

In Sumerian mythology, Ninsar is the goddess of plants.Daughter of Ninhursag and Enki.Mother of Ninkurra by EnkiAlso known as Ninki , Ninmah, Ninmu, Nin-shar...

, Ningal

Ningal

Ningal was a goddess of reeds in the Sumerian mythology, daughter of Enki and Ningikurga and the consort of the moon god Nanna by whom she bore Utu the sun god, Inanna, and in some texts, Ishkur...

etc.; Borger 2003 nr. 887) has to be expressed as MUNUS.TÚG

TUG

TUG may refer to:* TUBITAK National Observatory* Graz University of Technology in Graz, Austria* TeX Users Group* The Ultimate Group, an entertainment production company...

, and MEŠ (a plural marker; Borger 2003 nr. 754) has to be expressed as ME.EŠ . Another class of examples are signs that are written as ligatures of varying constituent signs, such as KURUM₇ (Borger 2003 nr. 729) that was written IGI.NÍG in early times, but later IGI.ERIM. Since there is no codepoint for KURUM₇, the sign must be expressed as either IGI.NÍG (U+12146 U+1243C) or IGI.ERIM (U+12146 U+1209F) depending on the glyph shape, in violation of the basic principle of Unicode to encode characters

Character (computing)

In computer and machine-based telecommunications terminology, a character is a unit of information that roughly corresponds to a grapheme, grapheme-like unit, or symbol, such as in an alphabet or syllabary in the written form of a natural language....

, not glyph

Glyph

A glyph is an element of writing: an individual mark on a written medium that contributes to the meaning of what is written. A glyph is made up of one or more graphemes....

s.
While those signs can in principle still be added by a "Cuneiform Extended" range in the future, as has been done for a number of other scripts ("Latin Extended" etc.), their absence as of Unicode 5.0 means that the standard's usability for the encoding of actual texts is limited.

Rather than opting for an ordering by glyph shape and complexity, the Unicode order of glyphs is the Latin alphabet order of their 'main' Sumerian transliteration (n.b placing signs on Š-, transliterated as SH-, between SAR and SI). In most (but not all) cases, the "etymological" decomposition of originally complex signs ("ligatures") has been chosen, even if the sign's most familiar value is another. For example, U+12066 "DAG KISIM5 TIMES LU PLUS MASH2" is better known as AMAŠ, U+12258 "NINDA2 TIMES NE" is better known as ÁG, or "HI TIMES ASH2" as ḪAR or ḪUR.

List of signs

See also list of cuneiform signs.

The following table allows matching of Borger's 1981 and 2003 numbering with Unicode characters
The "primary" transliteration column has the glyphs' Sumerian values as given by the official glyph name, slightly modified here for legibility by including traditional assyriological symbols such as "x" rather than "TIMES". The exact Unicode names can be unambiguously recovered by prefixing,
"CUNEIFORM [NUMERIC] SIGN", replacing "TIMES" for "x", "PLUS" for "+" and "OVER" for "/", "ASTERISK" for "*", "H" for "Ḫ", "SH" for "Š", and switching to uppercase.

Sumero-Akkadian Cuneiform

codepoint	"primary" transliteration	Borger (2003)	Borger (1981)	comments
U+12000	A	839	579
U+12001	A x A	845	583	EDURU
U+12002	A x BAD	840	580	AGAM
U+12003	A x GAN₂ tenû
U+12004	A x ḪA	846	584; 587	ZAḪ₃
U+12005	A x IGI	844	581
U+12006	A x LAGAR gunû	843	582
U+12007	A x MUŠ	842
U+12008	A x SAG	841	585
U+12009	A₂	560	334	ID
U+1200A	AB	223	128
U+1200B	AB x AŠ₂	227	128**,200a
U+1200C	AB x DUN₃ gunû
U+1200D	AB x GAL	228	194
U+1200E	AB x GAN₂ tenû	225	198
U+1200F	AB x ḪA	236	200	NINA
U+12010	AB x IGI gunû	229	196
U+12011	AB x IMIN	237
U+12012	AB x LAGAB	234
U+12013	AB x ŠEŠ	226	200c
U+12014	AB x U + U + U	232
U+12015	AB gunû
U+12016	AB₂	672	420	LID
U+12017	AB₂ x BALAG	676	422	LILIZ
U+12018	AB₂ x GAN₂ tenû	674	423	KIR₆
U+12019	AB₂ x ME + EN	679	426
U+1201A	AB₂ x ŠA₃	677	424	LIBIŠ
U+1201B	AB₂ x TAK₄	673	420,8
U+1201C	AD	258	145
U+1201D	AK	127	97	AG
U+1201E	AK x ERIN₂	129	98	ME₃
U+1201F	AK x ŠITA + GIŠ	128
U+12020	AL	474	298
U+12021	AL x AL	478
U+12022	AL x DIM₂	480
U+12023	AL x GIŠ	477	301
U+12024	AL x ḪA	482	305
U+12025	AL x KAD₃
U+12026	AL x KI	481	303
U+12027	AL x ŠE	348,479	205	IL
U+12028	AL x UŠ	476	300
U+12029	ALAN	573	358
U+1202A	aleph	635	397	late variant of AḪ; HZL nr. 332
U+1202B	AMAR	695	437	ZUR
U+1202C	AMAR x ŠE	696	438	SISKUR
U+1202D	AN	010	13
U+1202E	AN / AN
U+1202F	AN three times
U+12030	AN + NAGA opposing AN + NAGA
U+12031	AN + NAGA squared
U+12032	ANŠE	353	208	"donkey"
U+12033	APIN	090	56
U+12034	ARAD	0018	50
U+12035	ARAD x KUR	0019	51
U+12036	ARKAB	859v		NIG₂.IB, ARGAB
U+12037	ASAL₂
U+12038	AŠ	001	001	also DILI, DIDLI (plural)
U+12039	AŠ ZIDA tenû	575	209	DIŠ tenû, GE₂₃
U+1203A	AŠ KABA tenû	647?
U+1203B	AŠ / AŠ TUG₂ / TUG₂ TUG₂ / TUG₂ PAP
U+1203C	AŠ / AŠ / AŠ	505	325*	EŠ₁₆
U+1203D	AŠ / AŠ / AŠ crossing AŠ / AŠ / AŠ	649	364/5,5-6	ŠUŠUR₂
U+1203E	AŠ₂	548	339
U+1203F	AŠGAB	173	6
U+12040	BA	014	005	BA.BA.ZA = "porridge Porridge Porridge is a dish made by boiling oats or other cereal meals in water, milk, or both. It is usually served hot in a bowl or dish... "
U+12041	BAD	113	69
U+12042	BAG₃		78
U+12043	BAḪAR₂		309
U+12044	BAL	005	9
U+12045	BAL / BAL
U+12046	BALAG	565	352	DUB₂
U+12047	BAR	121	74
U+12048	BARA₂	554	344
U+12049	BI	358	214
U+1204A	BI x A
U+1204B	BI x GAR	361	214c
U+1204C	BI x IGI gunû
U+1204D	BU	580	371	GID₂
U+1204E	BU / BU AB	582
U+1204F	BU / BU UN
U+12050	BU crossing BU	581
U+12051	BULUG	169	60
U+12052	BULUG / BULUG
U+12053	BUR	559	349	NIG₂ gunû
U+12054	BUR₂	008
U+12055	DA	561	335
U+12056	DAG	438	280	PAR₃
U+12057	DAG KISIM₅ x A + MAŠ	461	294b
U+12058	DAG KISIM₅ x AMAR	458	288
U+12059	DAG KISIM₅ x BALAG	457
U+1205A	DAG KISIM₅ x BI	447	288
U+1205B	DAG KISIM₅ x GA	455	291	UBUR
U+1205C	DAG KISIM₅ x GA + MAŠ
U+1205D	DAG KISIM₅ x GI	444	284
U+1205E	DAG KISIM₅ x GIR₂	440	281a; 294e; 432,1	KIŠI₈
U+1205F	DAG KISIM₅ x GUD	452	289	UTUL₅
U+12060	DAG KISIM₅ x ḪA	462	294d
U+12061	DAG KISIM₅ x IR	450		UBUR₃
U+12062	DAG KISIM₅ x IR + LU	451		UBUR₄
U+12063	DAG KISIM₅ x KAK	448	294f
U+12064	DAG KISIM₅ x LA	441	282
U+12065	DAG KISIM₅ x LU	459		UBUR₂
U+12066	DAG KISIM₅ x LU + MAŠ₂	460	293; 294	AMAŠ
U+12067	DAG KISIM₅ x LUM	463	294a
U+12068	DAG KISIM₅ x NE	446	286
U+12069	DAG KISIM₅ x PAP + PAP
U+1206A	DAG KISIM₅ x SI	445	285
U+1206B	DAG KISIM₅ x TAK₄	443	283
U+1206C	DAG KISIM₅ x U₂ + GIR₂	453	290
U+1206D	DAG KISIM₅ x UŠ	449	287	UTUA
U+1206E	DAM	889	557
U+1206F	DAR	183	114	GUN₃, ḪUR gunû, SI gunû
U+12070	DARA₃	166	100	"ibex"
U+12071	DARA₄	817	540
U+12072	DI	736	457
U+12073	DIB	813	537	DAB
U+12074	DIM	167	94
U+12075	DIM x ŠE	168	94	MUN
U+12076	DIM₂	686	440	GIM
U+12077	DIN	119	465
U+12078	DIN KASKAL U gunû DIŠ
U+12079	DIŠ	748; 749	480	NIGIDA
U+1207A	DU	350	206
U+1207B	DU / DU	350	206a	LAḪ₄
U+1207C	DU gunû	351	201	GIR₆, SUḪUŠ
U+1207D	DU šešig	352	202	GIR₅, KAŠ₄
U+1207E	DUB	242	138
U+1207F	DUB x EŠ₂
U+12080	DUB₂
U+12081	DUG	499	309	BI x A
U+12082	DUGUD	704	445
U+12083	DUḪ	298	167	GAB, DU₈, TUḪ
U+12084	DUN	744	467	ŠUL
U+12085	DUN₃	836	595	GÍN, TÙN
U+12086	DUN₃ gunû
U+12087	DUN₃ gunû gunû
U+12088	DUN₄	557	348	DUL₄, UR gunû šešig, MIR šešig
U+12089	DUR₂	808		DURU₂, DURUN, TUKUL, TUŠ
U+1208A	E	498	308
U+1208B	E x PAP
U+1208C	E / E NUN / NUN
U+1208D	E₂	495	324
U+1208E	E₂ x A + ḪA + DA
U+1208F	E₂ x GAR
U+12090	E₂ x MI
U+12091	E₂ x SAL
U+12092	E₂ x ŠE
U+12093	E₂ x U
U+12094	EDIN	300	170
U+12095	EGIR	356	209
U+12096	EL	899	564	SIKIL
U+12097	EN	164	99
U+12098	EN x GAN₂	165	54	BURU₁₄
U+12099	EN x GAN₂ tenû
U+1209A	EN x ME	164lig2
U+1209B	EN crossing EN
U+1209C	EN opposing EN
U+1209D	EN squared
U+1209E	EREN	818	541
U+1209F	ERIN₂	612; 613	393	ERIM, ZALAG₂; PIRIG
U+120A0	EŠ₂	810; 811	536	ŠE₃, GI₇, ZI₃
U+120A1	EZEN	271	152	IZIN, KEŠDA
U+120A2	EZEN x A	288
U+120A3	EZEN x A + LAL	289	159	SIL₇
U+120A4	EZEN x A + LAL x LAL	290	160	ASILAL₄
U+120A5	EZEN x AN
U+120A6	EZEN x BAD	275	152	UG₅
U+120A7	EZEN x DUN₃ gunû	287	162
U+120A8	EZEN x DUN₃ gunû gunû
U+120A9	EZEN x ḪA	291	161
U+120AA	EZEN x ḪA gunû
U+120AB	EZEN x IGI gunû
U+120AC	EZEN x KASKAL	277
U+120AD	EZEN x KASKAL squared
U+120AE	EZEN x KU₃	284	152
U+120AF	EZEN x LA	274	152
U+120B0	EZEN x LAL x LAL
U+120B1	EZEN x LI	273	153
U+120B2	EZEN x LU	286	157
U+120B3	EZEN x U₂	279
U+120B4	EZEN x UD	283
U+120B5	GA	491	319
U+120B6	GA gunû	492
U+120B7	GA₂	387	233
U+120B8	GA₂ x A + DA + ḪA	428	273
U+120B9	GA₂ x A + ḪA
U+120BA	GA₂ x A + IGI	429	274
U+120BB	GA₂ x AB₂ tenû + TAB	423?
U+120BC	GA₂ x AN	392	237	AMA
U+120BD	GA₂ x AŠ	389	234
U+120BE	GA₂ x AŠ₂ + GAL	414	258
U+120BF	GA₂ x BAD	395	242
U+120C0	GA₂ x BAR + RA
U+120C1	GA₂ x BUR
U+120C2	GA₂ x BUR + RA	415	259
U+120C3	GA₂ x DA	416	416
U+120C4	GA₂ x DI	425	268
U+120C5	GA₂ x DIM x ŠE	401	206
U+120C6	GA₂ x DUB	403	250
U+120C7	GA₂ x EL
U+120C8	GA₂ x EL + LA	433	272
U+120C9	GA₂ x EN	399	247
U+120CA	GA₂ x EN x GAN₂ tenû	400	239	GA₂ x BURU₁₄
U+120CB	GA₂ x GAN₂ tenû	402	248
U+120CC	GA₂ x GAR	431	278	GALGA
U+120CD	GA₂ x GI	396	243
U+120CE	GA₂ x GI₄	412	256
U+120CF	GA₂ x GI₄ + A
U+120D0	GA₂ x GIR₂ + SU	391	236
U+120D1	GA₂ x ḪA + LU + EŠ₂	430	277
U+120D2	GA₂ x ḪAL
U+120D3	GA₂ x ḪAL + LA	390	235
U+120D4	GA₂ x ḪI + LI	421	263
U+120D5	GA₂ x ḪUB₂	398
U+120D6	GA₂ x IGI gunû	417	260
U+120D7	GA₂ x IŠ + ḪU + AŠ	406	250i
U+120D8	GA₂ x KAK	407	251
U+120D9	GA₂ x KASKAL	405	250d
U+120DA	GA₂ x KID	394	241
U+120DB	GA₂ x KID + LAL	409	251
U+120DC	GA₂ x KU₃ + AN	426	269
U+120DD	GA₂ x LA
U+120DE	GA₂ x ME + EN	427	270	MEN
U+120DF	GA₂ x MI	424	265	ITIMA
U+120E0	GA₂ x NUN	397	244	GANUN
U+120E1	GA₂ x NUN / NUN	411	255	UR₃
U+120E2	GA₂ x PA	408	252; 257	GAZI, SILA₄
U+120E3	GA₂ x SAL	432	271	ARḪUŠ
U+120E4	GA₂ x SAR	413	250b
U+120E5	GA₂ x ŠE	418	261	ESAG₂
U+120E6	GA₂ x ŠE + TUR	419	261a; 272a
U+120E7	GA₂ x ŠID	410	252
U+120E8	GA₂ x SUM	404	250c
U+120E9	GA₂ x TAK₄	394
U+120EA	GA₂ x U	422	264
U+120EB	GA₂ x UD	420	262
U+120EC	GA₂ x UD + DU
U+120ED	GA₂ / GA₂
U+120EE	GABA		167
U+120EF	GABA crossing GABA
U+120F0	GAD	157	90
U+120F1	GAD / GAD GAR / GAR
U+120F2	GAL	553	343
U+120F3	GAL GAD / GAD GAR / GAR
U+120F4	GALAM	338	176k	SUKUD
U+120F5	GAM	576	362
U+120F6	GAN	253	143	KAN, ḪE₂
U+120F7	GAN₂	174	105I
U+120F8	GAN₂ tenû	175	105	KAR₂, ŠE₃ tenû
U+120F9	GAN₂ / GAN₂	174v
U+120FA	GAN₂ crossing GAN₂	174v
U+120FB	GAR	859	597	NINDA, NIG₂
U+120FC	GAR₃	543	333
U+120FD	GAŠAN	562; 563	350	U gunû
U+120FE	GEŠTIN	212	210
U+120FF	GEŠTIN x KUR	213
U+12100	GI	141	85
U+12101	GI x E
U+12102	GI x U
U+12103	GI crossing GI	105	67
U+12104	GI₄	507	326
U+12105	GI₄ / GI₄	508	326a	GIGI
U+12106	GI₄ crossing GI₄	508	326a	GIGI
U+12107	GIDIM	830	576
U+12108	GIR₂	006	10
U+12109	GIR₂ gunû	007	10
U+1210A	GIR₃	701	444	PIRIG
U+1210B	GIR₃ x A + IGI	703	421; 579,396
U+1210C	GIR₃ x GAN₂ tenû	675	423	GIRI₁₆
U+1210D	GIR₃ x IGI
U+1210E	GIR₃ x LU + IGI	702	537,129
U+1210F	GIR₃ x PA
U+12110	GISAL	376	226
U+12111	GIŠ	469	296	GEŠ
U+12112	GIŠ crossing GIŠ	469v
U+12113	GIŠ x BAD	471
U+12114	GIŠ x TAK₄
U+12115	GIŠ tenû	470	296	GUR₁₇
U+12116	GU	891	559
U+12117	GU crossing GU	892	569	SUḪ₃
U+12118	GU₂	176	106
U+12119	GU₂ x KAK	178
U+1211A	GU₂ x KAK x IGI gunû
U+1211B	GU₂ x NUN
U+1211C	GU₂ x SAL + TUG₂
U+1211D	GU₂ gunû	509	327	USAN₂
U+1211E	GUD	472	297	GU₄ "cow"
U+1211F	GUD x A + KUR
U+12120	GUD x KUR	309
U+12121	GUD / GUD LUGAL	572	357	BIŠEBA₃
U+12122	GUL	682	429	SUN₂
U+12123	GUM	339	191	KUM
U+12124	GUM x ŠE	340	192	GAZ, GAS
U+12125	GUR	180	111
U+12126	GUR₇	819	542
U+12127	GURUN	503	310
U+12128	GURUŠ		322
U+12129	ḪA	856	589	KU₆
U+1212A	ḪA tenû	857	590	ZUBUD
U+1212B	ḪA gunû	558	346	GIR, PE
U+1212C	ḪAL	003	002	= AŠ.AŠ
U+1212D	ḪI	631	396	DUG₃
U+1212E	ḪI x AŠ	634	405	SUR₃
U+1212F	ḪI x AŠ₂	644	401	ḪAR, ḪUR
U+12130	ḪI x BAD	640; 595	406	KAM
U+12131	ḪI x DIŠ	659	409e	ŠAR₂ x DIŠ
U+12132	ḪI x GAD	650	407	ŠAR₂ x GAD
U+12133	ḪI x KIN	660	410
U+12134	ḪI x NUN	636	398	AḪ, UḪ
U+12135	ḪI x ŠE	643	400	BIR
U+12136	ḪI x U	653; 688	409	ŠAR₂ x U; DUBUR₂
U+12137	ḪU	132	78
U+12138	ḪUB₂	149	88
U+12139	ḪUB₂ x AN
U+1213A	ḪUB₂ x ḪAL
U+1213B	ḪUB₂ x KASKAL
U+1213C	ḪUB₂ x LIŠ
U+1213D	ḪUB₂ x UD	150
U+1213E	ḪUL₂	877	550
U+1213F	I	252	142
U+12140	I A
U+12141	IB	807	535
U+12142	IDIM
U+12143	IDIM / IDIM BUR
U+12144	IDIM / IDIM squared
U+12145	IG	136	80
U+12146	IGI	724	449	ŠI, LIM
U+12147	IGI DIB	731	455	U₃
U+12148	IGI RI	726	451	AR
U+12149	IGI / IGI ŠIR / ŠIR UD / UD
U+1214A	IGI gunû	564	351	SIG₇
U+1214B	IL	348	205
U+1214C	IL x GAN₂ tenû	349
U+1214D	IL₂	493	320
U+1214E	IM	641	399
U+1214F	IM x TAK₄	642	399,51
U+12150	IM crossing IM	641v	399*
U+12151	IM opposing IM	641v
U+12152	IM squared	641v	399**
U+12153	IMIN	863	598c
U+12154	IN	261	148
U+12155	IR	437	232	GAG gunû
U+12156	IŠ	357	212
U+12157	KA	024	15
U+12158	KA x A	064	35	NAG
U+12159	KA x AD
U+1215A	KA x AD + KU₃	034	20
U+1215B	KA x AŠ₂	046
U+1215C	KA x BAD
U+1215D	KA x BALAG	047
U+1215E	KA x BAR	030
U+1215F	KA x BI
U+12160	KA x ERIN₂	053	29*
U+12161	KA x EŠ₂
U+12162	KA x GA	044
U+12163	KA x GAL
U+12164	KA x GAN₂ tenû	033	19	PU₃
U+12165	KA x GAR	065
U+12166	KA x GAR + ŠA₃ + A	066
U+12167	KA x GI
U+12168	KA x GIR₂	025
U+12169	KA x GIŠ + SAR
U+1216A	KA x GIŠ crossing GIŠ
U+1216B	KA x GU	069	34
U+1216C	KA x GUR₇	063
U+1216D	KA x IGI	059
U+1216E	KA x IM	054	30	BUN₂
U+1216F	KA x KAK	038
U+12170	KA x KI	060
U+12171	KA x KID
U+12172	KA x LI	026	16
U+12173	KA x LU
U+12174	KA x ME	061	32	EME
U+12175	KA x ME + DU
U+12176	KA x ME + GI
U+12177	KA x ME + TE
U+12178	KA x MI	057
U+12179	KA x MI + NUNUZ
U+1217A	KA x NE	035
U+1217B	KA x NUN	031	18	NUNDUM
U+1217C	KA x PI	052
U+1217D	KA x RU	028
U+1217E	KA x SA	032	18*	SU₆
U+1217F	KA x SAR	045
U+12180	KA x ŠA	048
U+12181	KA x ŠE	050
U+12182	KA x ŠID	042
U+12183	KA x ŠU	049 033	19 26	ŠUDU₂, PU₂
U+12184	KA x SIG	068
U+12185	KA x SUḪUR
U+12186	KA x TAR
U+12187	KA x U	056
U+12188	KA x U₂	043
U+12189	KA x UD	051
U+1218A	KA x UMUM x PA
U+1218B	KA x UŠ	039
U+1218C	KA x ZI
U+1218D	KA₂	222	133
U+1218E	KA₂ crossing KA₂
U+1218F	KAB	148	88
U+12190	KAD₂	108	63a
U+12191	KAD₃	109	63c
U+12192	KAD₄	568	354b
U+12193	KAD₅	569	354b
U+12194	KAD₅ / KAD₅
U+12195	KAK	379	230	GAG
U+12196	KAK x IGI gunû
U+12197	KAL	496	322
U+12198	KAL x BAD	497	323	ALAD
U+12199	KAL crossing KAL
U+1219A	KAM₂	595
U+1219B	KAM₄	097
U+1219C	KASKAL	302	166
U+1219D	KASKAL LAGAB x U / LAGAB x U	307v		ŠUBTU₆
U+1219E	KASKAL / KASKAL LAGAB x U / LAGAB x U	307v		ŠUBTU₇
U+1219F	KEŠ₂		152
U+121A0	KI	737	461
U+121A1	KI x BAD	738
U+121A2	KI x U	740	462
U+121A3	KI x UD	739	463
U+121A4	KID	484	313	LIL₂, GE₂, KE₄
U+121A5	KIN	815	538
U+121A6	KISAL	435	249
U+121A7	KIŠ	678	425
U+121A8	KISIM₅	687	404*,1
U+121A9	KISIM₅ / KISIM₅	687v
U+121AA	KU	808	536	DUR₂, TUKUL, TUŠ
U+121AB	KU / ḪI x AŠ₂ KU / ḪI x AŠ₂
U+121AC	KU₃	745	468	KUG
U+121AD	KU₄	087	58
U+121AE	KU₄ variant form
U+121AF	KU₇	171	110
U+121B0	KUL	117	72
U+121B1	KUL gunû
U+121B2	KUN	131	77
U+121B3	KUR	578	366
U+121B4	KUR opposing KUR
U+121B5	KUŠU₂	896	562
U+121B6	KWU₃₁₈
U+121B7	LA	089	55
U+121B8	LAGAB	755	483	NIGIN₂
U+121B9	LAGAB x A	795	522	AMBAR, BUGIN, BUNIN, SUG
U+121BA	LAGAB x A + DA + ḪA	797	523*; 524
U+121BB	LAGAB x A + GAR	799	526
U+121BC	LAGAB x A + LAL	798
U+121BD	LAGAB x AL	773	498
U+121BE	LAGAB x AN	758
U+121BF	LAGAB x AŠ ZIDA tenû	778	486,1; 504
U+121C0	LAGAB x BAD	760	486	GIGIR
U+121C1	LAGAB x BI	769	496
U+121C2	LAGAB x DAR	765	489
U+121C3	LAGAB x EN	764
U+121C4	LAGAB x GA	775
U+121C5	LAGAB x GAR	801	528
U+121C6	LAGAB x GUD	772	493
U+121C7	LAGAB x GUD + GUD	766	494
U+121C8	LAGAB x ḪA	800	527
U+121C9	LAGAB x ḪAL	756	484	ENGUR
U+121CA	LAGAB x ḪI x NUN	784	509
U+121CB	LAGAB x IGI gunû
U+121CC	LAGAB x IM	785	510
U+121CD	LAGAB x IM + ḪA
U+121CE	LAGAB x IM + LU
U+121CF	LAGAB x KI	789	514
U+121D0	LAGAB x KIN	794	519
U+121D1	LAGAB x KU₃	790	513; 506	GARIM
U+121D2	LAGAB x KUL	761
U+121D3	LAGAB x KUL + ḪI + A	762
U+121D4	LAGAB x LAGAB	804	529	NIGIN
U+121D5	LAGAB x LIŠ	782	486,1; 503
U+121D6	LAGAB x LU	793	518
U+121D7	LAGAB x LUL	777	502
U+121D8	LAGAB x ME	791	516
U+121D9	LAGAB x ME + EN	792	517
U+121DA	LAGAB x MUŠ	780	507
U+121DB	LAGAB x NE	768	495	UDUB
U+121DC	LAGAB x ŠE + SUM	779	491,6; 492
U+121DD	LAGAB x ŠITA + GIŠ + ERIN₂
U+121DE	LAGAB x ŠITA + GIŠ tenû
U+121DF	LAGAB x ŠU₂	802	520
U+121E0	LAGAB x ŠU₂ + ŠU₂	803	521
U+121E1	LAGAB x SUM	767	491	ZAR
U+121E2	LAGAB x TAG
U+121E3	LAGAB x TAK₄	759	485
U+121E4	LAGAB x TE + A + SU + NA
U+121E5	LAGAB x U	786	511	GÍGIR "wain"; PÚ, TÚL "source, fount"
U+121E6	LAGAB x U + A	787	512
U+121E7	LAGAB x U + U + U	788	515	BUL
U+121E8	LAGAB x U₂ + AŠ	774	499
U+121E9	LAGAB x UD	783	505
U+121EA	LAGAB x UŠ	770
U+121EB	LAGAB squared	805	530
U+121EC	LAGAR	719	458	HZL nr. 186
U+121ED	LAGAR x ŠE	722	460	SU₇
U+121EE	LAGAR x ŠE + SUM	723
U+121EF	LAGAR gunû	721	459	DU₆
U+121F0	LAGAR gunû / LAGAR gunû ŠE	721v
U+121F1	LAḪŠU
U+121F2	LAL	750	481	LA₂
U+121F3	LAL x LAL	751	482	LAL>₂
U+121F4	LAM	693	435
U+121F5	LAM x KUR	694	436
U+121F6	LAM x KUR + RU	694v	436,4
U+121F7	LI	085	59
U+121F8	LIL	544	336
U+121F9	LIMMU₂	215	124
U+121FA	LIŠ	591	377	DILIM₂
U+121FB	LU	812	537	UDU
U+121FC	LU x BAD	814	537,65c; 537*	AD₃
U+121FD	LU₂	514	330	"man"
U+121FE	LU₂ x AL	523
U+121FF	LU₂ x BAD	517
U+12200	LU₂ x EŠ₂
U+12201	LU₂ x EŠ₂ tenû
U+12202	LU₂ x GAN₂ tenû	521
U+12203	LU₂ x ḪI x BAD
U+12204	LU₂ x IM	526
U+12205	LU₂ x KAD₂	519
U+12206	LU₂ x KAD₃
U+12207	LU₂ x KAD₃ + AŠ
U+12208	LU₂ x KI	527
U+12209	LU₂ x LA + AŠ
U+1220A	LU₂ x LAGAB	528
U+1220B	LU₂ x ME + EN
U+1220C	LU₂ x NE	522
U+1220D	LU₂ x NU
U+1220E	LU₂ x SI + AŠ
U+1220F	LU₂ x SIK₂ + BU	533
U+12210	LU₂ x TUG₂	530		AZLAG₇
U+12211	LU₂ tenû	515
U+12212	LU₂ crossing LU₂
U+12213	LU₂ opposing LU₂
U+12214	LU₂ squared
U+12215	LU₂ šešig	516; 534	330
U+12216	LU₃	555	345	GUG₂, ŠE₃ gunû
U+12217	LUGAL	266	151
U+12218	LUGAL / LUGAL	266v		DADRUM?
U+12219	LUGAL opposing LUGAL	266v		unattested
U+1221A	LUGAL šešig
U+1221B	LUḪ	494	321
U+1221C	LUL	570	355	NAR
U+1221D	LUM	900	565	ḪUM
U+1221E	LUM / LUM	902	565a; 566a
U+1221F	LUM / LUM GAR / GAR	904	566b	LUGUD₃
U+12220	MA	552	342
U+12221	MA x TAK₄
U+12222	MA gunû	270	146	ḪASḪUR
U+12223	MA₂	201	122
U+12224	MAḪ	091	57
U+12225	MAR	483	307
U+12226	MAŠ	120	74
U+12227	MAŠ₂	130	76
U+12228	ME	753	532
U+12229	MES	486	533	RID
U+1222A	MI	681	427
U+1222B	MIN	825	570
U+1222C	MU	098	61
U+1222D	MU / MU	301	169	TAḪ, DAḪ
U+1222E	MUG	012	003	oakum Oakum Oakum is a preparation of tarred fiber used in shipbuilding, for caulking or packing the joints of timbers in wooden vessels and the deck planking of iron and steel ships, as well as cast iron plumbing applications...
U+1222F	MUG gunû	0013	4	ZADIM
U+12230	MUNSUB	820	543	MUNŠUB
U+12231	MURGU₂		567
U+12232	MUŠ	585	374
U+12233	MUŠ x A
U+12234	MUŠ x KUR
U+12235	MUŠ x ZA
U+12236	MUŠ / MUŠ	586		RI₈
U+12237	MUŠ / MUŠ x A + NA
U+12238	MUŠ crossing MUŠ
U+12239	MUŠ₃	153	103	INANNA Inanna Inanna, also spelled Inana is the Sumerian goddess of sexual love, fertility, and warfare.... , INNIN
U+1223A	MUŠ₃ x A	154
U+1223B	MUŠ₃ x A + DI	155
U+1223C	MUŠ₃ x DI
U+1223D	MUŠ₃ gunû
U+1223E	NA	110	70
U+1223F	NA₂	689	431	NU₂
U+12240	NAGA	293
U+12241	NAGA inverted
U+12242	NAGA x ŠU tenû	294
U+12243	NAGA opposing NAGA
U+12244	NAGAR	893	560
U+12245	NAM NUTILLU
U+12246	NAM	134	79
U+12247	NAM₂
U+12248	NE	313	172
U+12249	NE x A	315
U+1224A	NE x UD	314
U+1224B	NE šešig	312	173	BIL₂
U+1224C	NI	380	231
U+1224D	NI x E
U+1224E	NI₂	641	399
U+1224F	NIM	690	433	NUM
U+12250	NIM x GAN₂ tenû	691	434
U+12251	NIM x GAR + GAN₂ tenû	692	434a
U+12252	NINDA₂	316	176
U+12253	NINDA₂ x AN	320
U+12254	NINDA₂ x AŠ	317	176,12; 177,2
U+12255	NINDA₂ x AŠ + AŠ	316	177,3
U+12256	NINDA₂ x GUD	327	187,6
U+12257	NINDA₂ x ME + GAN₂ tenû
U+12258	NINDA₂ x NE	326	183	ÁG "darling", RE
U+12259	NINDA₂ x NUN	324	181	AZU
U+1225A	NINDA₂ x ŠE	333v3
U+1225B	NINDA₂ x ŠE + A AN	333		ŠAM₂
U+1225C	NINDA₂ x ŠE + AŠ	331
U+1225D	NINDA₂ x ŠE + AŠ + AŠ	332
U+1225E	NINDA₂ x U₂ + AŠ	330
U+1225F	NINDA₂ x UŠ
U+12260	NISAG	545	337	MURU₂, MURUB₄, ITI gunû
U+12261	NU	112	75
U+12262	NU₁₁	115	71	ŠIR
U+12263	NUN	143	87
U+12264	NUN LAGAR x GAR
U+12265	NUN LAGAR x MAŠ
U+12266	NUN LAGAR x SAL
U+12267	NUN LAGAR x SAL / NUN LAGAR x SAL
U+12268	NUN LAGAR x UŠ
U+12269	NUN tenû	144	87
U+1226A	NUN / NUN	502	325	NIR
U+1226B	NUN crossing NUN	107	63d
U+1226C	NUN crossing NUN LAGAR / LAGAR
U+1226D	NUNUZ	614	394
U+1226E	NUNUZ AB₂ x AŠGAB	619	394c,e	USAN₃
U+1226F	NUNUZ AB₂ x BI	621	394d	MUD₃
U+12270	NUNUZ AB₂ x DUG	625
U+12271	NUNUZ AB₂ x GUD	623
U+12272	NUNUZ AB₂ x IGI gunû	627
U+12273	NUNUZ AB₂ x KAD₃	618
U+12274	NUNUZ AB₂ x LA	616	394b	LAḪTAN
U+12275	NUNUZ AB₂ x NE	620
U+12276	NUNUZ AB₂ x SILA₃	617	394b'	LAḪTAN₂
U+12277	NUNUZ AB₂ x U₂	(624)
U+12278	NUNUZ KISIM₅ x BI	621	394d	MUD₃
U+12279	NUNUZ KISIM₅ x BI U	622		MUD₃.U
U+1227A	PA	464	295	GIDRU "staff, sceptre", UGULA "overseer", GARZA "office"
U+1227B	PAD	746	469	ŠUK
U+1227C	PAN	685	439
U+1227D	PAP	092	60	PAB, KUR₂
U+1227E	PEŠ₂	741; 882	346
U+1227F	PI	598	383
U+12280	PI x A	598v		HZL nr. 326
U+12281	PI x AB	598v		HZL nr. 318
U+12282	PI x BI	598v		HZL nr. 320
U+12283	PI x BU	598v		HZL nr. 324
U+12284	PI x E	598v		HZL nr. 322
U+12285	PI x I	598v		HZL nr. 319
U+12286	PI x IB	598v		HZL nr. 325
U+12287	PI x U	598v		HZL nr. 323
U+12288	PI x U₂	598v		HZL nr. 321
U+12289	PI crossing PI	598v	383,3
U+1228A	PIRIG		444
U+1228B	PIRIG x KAL	295
U+1228C	PIRIG x UD	296	130	UG
U+1228D	PIRIG x ZA	297
U+1228E	PIRIG opposing PIRIG
U+1228F	RA	511	328
U+12290	RAB	262	149
U+12291	RI	142	86
U+12292	RU	111	48
U+12293	SA	172	104
U+12294	SAG NUTILLU
U+12295	SAG	184	115
U+12296	SAG x A	197
U+12297	SAG x DU	187
U+12298	SAG x DUB
U+12299	SAG x ḪA	198
U+1229A	SAG x KAK	188
U+1229B	SAG x KUR
U+1229C	SAG x LUM	200
U+1229D	SAG x MI	195
U+1229E	SAG x NUN	185
U+1229F	SAG x SAL	199
U+122A0	SAG x ŠID	191
U+122A1	SAG x TAB
U+122A2	SAG x U₂	192
U+122A3	SAG x UB	193
U+122A4	SAG x UM	186
U+122A5	SAG x UR	196
U+122A6	SAG x UŠ	190
U+122A7	SAG / SAG
U+122A8	SAG gunû	512	329	DUL₃
U+122A9	SAL	883	554	MUNUS
U+122AA	SAL LAGAB x AŠ₂
U+122AB	SANGA₂		314
U+122AC	SAR	541	152
U+122AD	ŠA	566	353
U+122AE	ŠA₃	599	384	ŠAG₄
U+122AF	ŠA₃ x A	608	390	PEŠ₄
U+122B0	ŠA₃ x BAD	600
U+122B1	ŠA₃ x GIŠ	603
U+122B2	ŠA₃ x NE	602	385
U+122B3	ŠA₃ x ŠU₂	609	389
U+122B4	ŠA₃ x TUR	601
U+122B5	ŠA₃ x U	605
U+122B6	ŠA₃ x U + A	606	388	BIR₆
U+122B7	ŠA₆
U+122B8	ŠAB₆		295k
U+122B9	ŠAR₂	632; 633	396	TI₂
U+122BA	ŠE	579	367
U+122BB	ŠE ḪU
U+122BC	ŠE / ŠE GAD / GAD GAR / GAR
U+122BD	ŠE / ŠE TAB / TAB GAR / GAR
U+122BE	ŠEG₉	878	551
U+122BF	ŠEN	017	008	= SU x A, ALAL, PISAN₃, DUR₁₀
U+122C0	ŠEŠ	535	331	URI₃
U+122C1	ŠEŠ₂	821	544
U+122C2	ŠEŠLAM	100	65
U+122C3	ŠID	485	314	LAG
U+122C4	ŠID x A	489	317	UMBISAG₂
U+122C5	ŠID x IM	487	317a
U+122C6	ŠIM	362	215
U+122C7	ŠIM x A	372
U+122C8	ŠIM x BAL	363	216,3; 217
U+122C9	ŠIM x BULUG	367	218,2
U+122CA	ŠIM x DIN	366	221
U+122CB	ŠIM x GAR	373	225
U+122CC	ŠIM x IGI	371
U+122CD	ŠIM x IGI gunû	368	219*
U+122CE	ŠIM x KUŠU₂	375	223
U+122CF	ŠIM x LUL	369
U+122D0	ŠIM x MUG	365	216
U+122D1	ŠIM x SAL	374	222
U+122D2	ŠINIG		93
U+122D3	ŠIR	115	71
U+122D4	ŠIR tenû	116
U+122D5	ŠIR / ŠIR BUR / BUR
U+122D6	ŠITA	388	233,22	"GA₂"
U+122D7	ŠU	567	354
U+122D8	ŠU / inverted ŠU
U+122D9	ŠU₂	869	545
U+122DA	ŠUBUR	0022	53
U+122DB	SI	181	112
U+122DC	SI gunû	182	113	SU₄
U+122DD	SIG	881	592
U+122DE	SIG₄	905; 906	567	MURGU; HZL nr. 311
U+122DF	SIG₄ / SIG₄ ŠU₂	907	568
U+122E0	SIK₂	816	539	SIG₂, SIKI
U+122E1	SILA₃	099	62
U+122E2	SU	016	007	also KUŠ "skin, hide"
U+122E3	SU / SU
U+122E4	SUD	584	373	BU gunû
U+122E5	SUD₂	139
U+122E6	SUḪUR	646	403
U+122E7	SUM	292	164
U+122E8	SUMAŠ	323	182
U+122E9	SUR	151	101
U+122EA	SUR₉	205	122d
U+122EB	TA	248	139
U+122EC	TA*	248v
U+122ED	TA x ḪI	250
U+122EE	TA x MI	251
U+122EF	TA gunû
U+122F0	TAB	209	124
U+122F1	TAB / TAB NI / NI DIŠ / DIŠ
U+122F2	TAB squared
U+122F3	TAG	221	126
U+122F4	TAG x BI
U+122F5	TAG x GUD
U+122F6	TAG x ŠE
U+122F7	TAG x ŠU
U+122F8	TAG x TUG₂
U+122F9	TAG x UD
U+122FA	TAK₄	106	63	KID₂
U+122FB	TAR	009	12
U+122FC	TE	589	376
U+122FD	TE gunû	088	58	URU₅, GUR₈
U+122FE	TI	118	73
U+122FF	TI tenû
U+12300	TIL	114	69	= BAD U+12041
U+12301	TIR	587	375
U+12302	TIR x TAK₄
U+12303	TIR / TIR	587v		NINNI₅
U+12304	TIR / TIR GAD / GAD GAR / GAR	588	375,46a-b
U+12305	TU	086	58	DU₂
U+12306	TUG₂	809	536	NAM₂
U+12307	TUK	827	574	TUG
U+12308	TUM	354	207
U+12309	TUR	255	144
U+1230A	TUR / TUR ZA / ZA
U+1230B	U	661	411	BUR₃
U+1230C	U GUD
U+1230D	U U U	711	472	EŠ, "30"
U+1230E	U / U PA / PA GAR / GAR
U+1230F	U / U SUR / SUR
U+12310	U / U U reversed / U reversed	713	474	MAŠGI, BARGI
U+12311	U₂	490	318
U+12312	UB	504	306
U+12313	UD	596	381	BABBAR
U+12314	UD KUŠU₂	611	392	UḪ₂
U+12315	UD x BAD
U+12316	UD x MI	597	382	ITIMA₂
U+12317	UD x U + U + U
U+12318	UD x U + U + U gunû
U+12319	UD gunû	542	337*	uncertain
U+1231A	UD šešig	0020	52	ITI, UD x EŠ
U+1231B	UD šešig x BAD
U+1231C	UDUG	833	577; 578
U+1231D	UM	238	134
U+1231E	UM x LAGAB
U+1231F	UM x ME + DA	241
U+12320	UM x ŠA₃
U+12321	UM x U	239
U+12322	UMBIN		92b
U+12323	UMUM
U+12324	UMUM x KASKAL
U+12325	UMUM x PA
U+12326	UN	501	312	UG₃, UKU₃ "man"
U+12327	UN gunû
U+12328	UR	828	575
U+12329	UR crossing UR	828v	575a
U+1232A	UR šešig	829		reconstruction
U+1232B	UR₂	341	203
U+1232C	UR₂ x A + ḪA	346
U+1232D	UR₂ x A + NA
U+1232E	UR₂ x AL	343
U+1232F	UR₂ x ḪA	347	185,5
U+12330	UR₂ x NUN	342	204
U+12331	UR₂ x U₂	344
U+12332	UR₂ x U₂ + AŠ	345	185
U+12333	UR₂ x U₂ + BI
U+12334	UR₄	835	594
U+12335	URI	574	359	BUR/BUR
U+12336	URI₃
U+12337	URU	071	38	Ri₂
U+12338	URU x A	081
U+12339	URU x AŠGAB
U+1233A	URU x BAR	073	40	UKKIN
U+1233B	URU x DUN
U+1233C	URU x GA	076
U+1233D	URU x GAL
U+1233E	URU x GAN₂ tenû	074
U+1233F	URU x GAR	083
U+12340	URU x GU	084
U+12341	URU x ḪA	082
U+12342	URU x IGI	079
U+12343	URU x IM
U+12344	URU x IŠ
U+12345	URU x KI
U+12346	URU x LUM
U+12347	URU x MIN	080
U+12348	URU x PA
U+12349	URU x ŠE
U+1234A	URU x SIG₄
U+1234B	URU x TU	072
U+1234C	URU x U + GUD
U+1234D	URU x UD	077
U+1234E	URU x URUDA	075	41	BANŠUR
U+1234F	URUDA	230	132	URUDU
U+12350	URUDA x U	230
U+12351	UŠ	381	211	NITA
U+12352	UŠ x A	384	211a
U+12353	UŠ x KU	383
U+12354	UŠ x KUR
U+12355	UŠ x TAK₄	382	51*
U+12356	UŠ_X	583	372	UZ, US, UŠ
U+12357	UŠ₂		69
U+12358	UŠUM_X
U+12359	UTUKI
U+1235A	UZ₃	203	122b
U+1235B	UZ₃ x KASKAL	204	122c
U+1235C	UZU	311	171
U+1235D	ZA	851	586
U+1235E	ZA tenû	854	379; 380	AS₄, ERIM tenû
U+1235F	ZA squared x KUR	855	531; 588
U+12360	ZAG	540	332
U+12361	ZAM_X
U+12362	ZE₂	259	147	ZI₂, AB x PA
U+12363	ZI	140	84
U+12364	ZI / ZI	101	66
U+12365	ZI₃		536
U+12366	ZIB	628	395
U+12367	ZIB KABA tenû
U+12368	ZIG	336	190	ZIK, NINDA x EŠ
U+12369	ZIZ₂		339
U+1236A	ZU	015	006
U+1236B	ZU₅
U+1236C	ZU₅ x A
U+1236D	ZUBUR	648	364/5,2-3
U+1236E	ZUM	884	555

Cuneiform Numerals

codepoint	name	Borger (2003)	Borger (1981)	comments
U+12400	two AŠ	002	2	2, = U+1212C
U+12401	three AŠ	004		3, EŠ₆
U+12402	four AŠ	215	124,42	4, LIMMU₂, LIMM₂, TAB.TAB
U+12403	five AŠ	216		5, IA₇, TAB.TAB.AŠ
U+12404	six AŠ	217		6, AŠ₄, TAB.TAB.TAB
U+12405	seven AŠ	218		7, IMIN₂, TAB.TAB.TAB.AŠ
U+12406	eight AŠ	219		8, USSU₂, TAB.TAB.TAB.TAB
U+12407	nine AŠ	220		9, ILIMMU₂, TAB.TAB.TAB.TAB.AŠ
U+12408	three DIŠ	834	593	180, EŠ₅
U+12409	four DIŠ	851; 852; 853	316	240, ZA, LIMMU₅, NIGIDALIMMU, = U+1235D
U+1240A	five DIŠ	861	598a	300, IA₂
U+1240B	six DIŠ	862	598b	360, AŠ₃
U+1240C	seven DIŠ	863	598c	420
U+1240D	eight DIŠ	864	598d	480
U+1240E	nine DIŠ			540
U+1240F	four U Winkelhaken The Winkelhaken is one of five basic wedge elements appearing in the composition of signs in Akkadian cuneiform. It was realized by pressing the point of the stylus into the clay....	713	474	40, NIMIN
U+12410	five U	714	475	50, NINNU
U+12411	six U	715	476	60
U+12412	seven U	716	477	70
U+12413	eight U	717	478	80
U+12414	nine U	718	479	90
U+12415	one GEŠ₂
U+12416	two GEŠ₂
U+12417	three GEŠ₂
U+12418	four GEŠ₂
U+12419	five GEŠ₂
U+1241A	six GEŠ₂
U+1241B	seven GEŠ₂
U+1241C	eight GEŠ₂
U+1241D	nine GEŠ₂
U+1241E	one GEŠU	824	534	GEŠ₂.U; 600 or 70
U+1241F	two GEŠU			1200 or 80
U+12420	three GEŠU			1800 or 90
U+12421	four GEŠU			2400 or 100
U+12422	five GEŠU			3000 or 110
U+12423	two ŠAR₂
U+12424	three ŠAR₂
U+12425	three ŠAR₂ variant form
U+12426	four ŠAR₂
U+12427	five ŠAR₂
U+12428	six ŠAR₂
U+12429	seven ŠAR₂
U+1242A	eight ŠAR₂
U+1242B	nine ŠAR₂
U+1242C	one ŠARU	653	409	36,000
U+1242D	two ŠARU			72,000
U+1242E	three ŠARU			108,000
U+1242F	three ŠARU variant form			108,000
U+12430	four ŠARU			144,000
U+12431	five ŠARU			180,000
U+12432	ŠAR₂ x GAL.DIŠ	651	408	216,000
U+12433	ŠAR₂ x GAL.MIN	652	408	432,000
U+12434	one BURU	662	350,8	U gunû
U+12435	two BURU
U+12436	three BURU
U+12437	three BURU variant form
U+12438	four BURU
U+12439	five BURU
U+1243A	EŠ₁₆	505		3, = U+1203C
U+1243B	EŠ₂₁	210		3
U+1243C	LIMMU	859; 860		4, NIG₂, GAR, NINDA
U+1243D	LIMMU₄	506		4
U+1243E
U+1243F
U+12440	AŠ₉	536		6, EŠ₁₆.EŠ₁₆
U+12441	IMIN₃	537		7, UMUN₉
U+12442	IMIN	863		7
U+12443	IMIN variant form	866		7
U+12444	USSU	867		8
U+12445	USSU₃	538		8
U+12446	ILIMMU	868		9
U+12447	ILIMMU₃	539		9, EŠ₁₆.EŠ₁₆.EŠ₁₆
U+12448	ILIMMU₄	577		9
U+12449	DIŠ / DIŠ / DIŠ	865v		9
U+1244A	two AŠ tenû	593
U+1244B	three AŠ tenû	629
U+1244C	four AŠ tenû	854	379; 380	ZA tenû, ERIM tenû
U+1244D	five AŠ tenû
U+1244E	six AŠ tenû
U+1244F	one BAN₂	122		= U+12047
U+12450	two BAN₂
U+12451	three BAN₂
U+12452	four BAN₂
U+12453	four BAN₂ variant form
U+12454	five BAN₂
U+12455	five BAN₂ variant form
U+12456	NIGIDAMIN	847, 848
U+12457	NIGIDAEŠ	850
U+12458	one EŠE₃			= U+12041, U+12300
U+12459	two EŠE₃			= U+12049
U+1245A	one third	826	571	ŠUŠANA
U+1245B	two thirds	832	572
U+1245C	five sixths	838	573	KINGUSILA
U+1245D	one third variant form
U+1245E	two thirds variant form
U+1245F	one eighth
U+12460	one quarter
U+12461	Old Assyrian one sixth	630		Kültepe only
U+12462	Old Assyrian one quarter
U+12470	Old Assyrian word divider
U+12471	vertical colon	592		Glossenkeil
U+12472	diagonal colon	592		Glossenkeil
U+12473	diagonal tricolon

Charts

Sumero-Akkadian Cuneiform script was added to the Unicode

Unicode

Unicode is a computing industry standard for the consistent encoding, representation and handling of text expressed in most of the world's writing systems...

Standard in July, 2006 with the release of version 5.0.

Cuneiform

The Unicode block for Sumero-Akkadian Cuneiform is U+12000–U+123FF:

Cuneiform Numbers and Punctuation

The Unicode block for Cuneiform Numbers and Punctuation is U+12400–U+1247F:

External links

cuneiformsigns.org by Lloyd Anderson
Cuneiform Unicode.org chart (PDF)
Cuneiform Numbers and Punctuation Unicode.org chart (PDF)

Font packages

Akkadian (reproduces the Sumerian (3rd millennium BC) glyphs given in the Unicode (reference chart), by George Douros. FreeIdgSerif (branched off FreeSerif), encodes some 390 Old Assyrian (2nd millennium BC) glyphs used in Hittite cuneiform.

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.