Treaty of Constantinople (1533)
Encyclopedia
The Treaty of Constantinople' was signed on 22 July 1533 in Constantinople (Istanbul
) by the Ottoman Empire
and the Archduchy of Austria
.
in 1526 the king of Hungary
, Louis II, had died without an heir to throne. But the Ottoman Empire did not annex Hungary after their victory, and the Hungarian throne was left vacant for several months. Two claimants emerged: Ferdinand I
, the archduke of Austria; and János Szapolyai, the voivode (governor) of Transylvania
' onMouseout='HidePop("87778")' href="/topics/Romania">Romania
). Although Szapolyai was backed by a majority of the Hungarian elite, Ferdinand nevertheless declared himself the legal king of Hungary with the support of his older brother Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
. The Ottoman Empire, however, backed Szapolyai and Ottoman Emperor Suleyman I mounted a threat against Austria in two military campaigns (of 1529 and 1532). Ferdinand saw that it was impossible to establish his rule in Hungary.
Meanwhile the shah
of Safavid Persia, Tahmasp I
, became active in the eastern borders of the Ottoman Empire. Suleyman decided to concentrate his activities in the east, giving up his pursuit of hostilities in the west, and the treaty was signed.
The text of the treaty referred to Ferdinand as the king of Austria, and to Suleyman as the emperor.
Istanbul
Istanbul , historically known as Byzantium and Constantinople , is the largest city of Turkey. Istanbul metropolitan province had 13.26 million people living in it as of December, 2010, which is 18% of Turkey's population and the 3rd largest metropolitan area in Europe after London and...
) by the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
and the Archduchy of Austria
Archduchy of Austria
The Archduchy of Austria , one of the most important states within the Holy Roman Empire, was the nucleus of the Habsburg Monarchy and the predecessor of the Austrian Empire...
.
Background
During the Battle of MohácsBattle of Mohács
The Battle of Mohács was fought on August 29, 1526 near Mohács, Hungary. In the battle, forces of the Kingdom of Hungary led by King Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia were defeated by forces of the Ottoman Empire led by Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent....
in 1526 the king of Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
, Louis II, had died without an heir to throne. But the Ottoman Empire did not annex Hungary after their victory, and the Hungarian throne was left vacant for several months. Two claimants emerged: Ferdinand I
Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor
Ferdinand I was Holy Roman Emperor from 1558 and king of Bohemia and Hungary from 1526 until his death. Before his accession, he ruled the Austrian hereditary lands of the Habsburgs in the name of his elder brother, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.The key events during his reign were the contest...
, the archduke of Austria; and János Szapolyai, the voivode (governor) of Transylvania
Transylvania
Transylvania is a historical region in the central part of Romania. Bounded on the east and south by the Carpathian mountain range, historical Transylvania extended in the west to the Apuseni Mountains; however, the term sometimes encompasses not only Transylvania proper, but also the historical...
' onMouseout='HidePop("87778")' href="/topics/Romania">Romania
Romania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...
). Although Szapolyai was backed by a majority of the Hungarian elite, Ferdinand nevertheless declared himself the legal king of Hungary with the support of his older brother Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Charles V was ruler of the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and, as Charles I, of the Spanish Empire from 1516 until his voluntary retirement and abdication in favor of his younger brother Ferdinand I and his son Philip II in 1556.As...
. The Ottoman Empire, however, backed Szapolyai and Ottoman Emperor Suleyman I mounted a threat against Austria in two military campaigns (of 1529 and 1532). Ferdinand saw that it was impossible to establish his rule in Hungary.
Meanwhile the shah
Shah
Shāh is the title of the ruler of certain Southwest Asian and Central Asian countries, especially Persia , and derives from the Persian word shah, meaning "king".-History:...
of Safavid Persia, Tahmasp I
Tahmasp I
Tahmasp or Tahmasb I was an influential Shah of Iran, who enjoyed the longest reign of any member of the Safavid dynasty...
, became active in the eastern borders of the Ottoman Empire. Suleyman decided to concentrate his activities in the east, giving up his pursuit of hostilities in the west, and the treaty was signed.
The treaty
The terms of the treaty were as follows:- Ferdinand withdrew his assertions on Hungary (save a small territory in the west of Hungary)
- Szapolyai was legitimized as the King of Hungary under Ottoman suzeraintySuzeraintySuzerainty occurs where a region or people is a tributary to a more powerful entity which controls its foreign affairs while allowing the tributary vassal state some limited domestic autonomy. The dominant entity in the suzerainty relationship, or the more powerful entity itself, is called a...
. - Austria agreed to pay annual tributes of 30,000 guldens.
The text of the treaty referred to Ferdinand as the king of Austria, and to Suleyman as the emperor.