Toyota T engine
Encyclopedia
The Toyota T series is a family of inline-4 automobile
engines manufactured by Toyota beginning in 1970 and ending in 1985. It started as a pushrod overhead valve
(OHV) design and later performance oriented twin cam (DOHC) variants were added to the lineup. Toyota had built its solid reputation on the reliability of these engines.
The 4T-GTE variant of this engine allowed Toyota to compete in the World Rally Championship
in the early 1980s, making it the first Japanese manufacturer to do so.
Race engines based on the 2T-G include the 100E and 151E.
The Toyota T engine series was later replaced by the Toyota A engine
series.
Output is 86 hp (64 kW) at 6000 RPM and 85 ft·lbf (115 N·m) at 3800 RPM. The more-powerful twin-carburetor
T-B was produced for the first six years.
Applications:
The 2T engines are usually coupled with either a T40 4 speed/T50 5 speed manual transmission, or an A40 3 speed automatic transmission.
Output for the early 2T-C bigport design is 102 hp which is also due to different SAE testing methods, while the later version is 75 hp (56 kW) at 5,200 rpm and 87 ft.lbf (117 Nm) at 3,600 rpm. The twin-carb 2T-B produces 90-105 hp (67-78 kW) and 85–102 ft·lbf (115-138 N·m).
Applications:
This engine was also commonly used in Australian Formula Two
race cars during the 1970s and 1980s, where they typically made between 180 and 200 hp. The 1979 championship was won by a Toyota 2T powered Cheetah mk6. In 1984 Peter Glover borrowed a Cheetah mk7 powered by Toyota 2T for one round. The car won the round and helped secure the championship.
Applications:
The 2T-G, produced from 1970 through 1983, is a DOHC version. Output is 110-125 hp (82-93 kW) and 105–109 ft·lbf (142-147 N·m). Variants include the air-injected 2T-GR, Japan-spec 2T-GU, and fuel injected 2T-GEU. Twin sidedraft carburetors were used in non-EFI versions. All 2T-G cylinder heads were cast by Yamaha, however, some are not marked as such.
The 2T-G was replaced by the 4A-GE in most applications.
Applications:
Like the 2.0 L 18R-G, the 2T-G was considered the flagship engine of Toyota's 1600 class until it was superseded by the 4A-GE in the 1980s. The 2T-G is still a popular engine for conversions to classic Celicas and Corollas and are often suitable for classic and formula racing series.
When bored out to a maximum of 89 mm and combined with a 3T crankshaft, the 2T and 2T-G will have a displacement of almost 2.0L. The 2T and 3T series use the same conrod dimensions, with the different pin heights on the pistons. Aftermarket pistons are available from very low (<7:1) through to very high (>13:1) compression ratios. Racing 2T-G engines ("NOVA") featured 87.0 mm bore and 84.0 mm stroke for a 1,997 cc displacement. Output is around 170 PS at 6,000 rpm with a 12:1 compression ratio. This engine was used in Formula 3 cars in both Europe and Japan (where it dominated), as well as in Formula Pacific
(FP).
The 3T OHV engines are mated to either of a T40 4 speed, T50 5 speed manual transmission, or an A40 3 speed, or A40D 4 speed automatic transmission.
Output ranges from 70-105 hp (52-78 kW) and 93–120 ft·lbf (126-162 N·m) between the California 3T-C and Japan-spec fuel injected 3T-EU.
Applications:
Applications:
s per cylinder) design, is mated to a W55 5speed transmission, and is turbocharged with a Toyota CT-20 Turbo (the same unit as used in the 2L-T diesel) to generate 160 PS (119 kW) at 6,000 rpm and 152 ft·lbf (206 N·m) at 4,800 rpm. This was the first turbocharged twin-cam engine built in Japan. Units built after May 1983 received a water cooled turbocharger. The engine was considerably over-engineered for durability, for instance featuring doubled camroller chains, as it was also to form the basis for the 4T-GT competition engines.
Applications:
and World Rally Championship
cars. The homologation engine, introduced in November 1982, features a 0.5 mm increase in bore over the 3T, giving 1,791 cc. With a multiplication factor of 1.4 for turbocharged engines, this equalled 2,507 cc in the eyes of the FIA, placing the Celica in the 2,501-3,000 cc class. The smaller 3T engine would have fit snugly under the 2.5-liter limit, but being in the larger class allowed Toyota to stretch the 4T-GT engine to 2,090 cc (89.0 x 84.0 mm for a converted displacement of 2,926 cc) which better suited the comparatively heavy Celica.
In race trim it was a high-performance engine of 2,090 cc with either a Toyota or a KKK/K27 turbocharger
, electronic fuel injection, and a twin-spark ignition system, producing 360 to 600 PS depending on race trim. The 1984 Group B rally version produced 326 PS at 8,000 rpm. The road going homologation version (4T-GTEU, 200 built) produces 180 PS. The total build number, including modified versions, was 228.
Applications:
The '100E' engine used twin spark plugs with 2 valves per cylinder but was used mainly by a Toyota works team.
Italy Nova Corporation produced a 2.0 L engine based on the 2T-G that was used in most of the world F3 cars for a long time.
The production 1791 cc 4T-GTE was stretched to 2090 cc for race use.
Automobile
An automobile, autocar, motor car or car is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transporting passengers, which also carries its own engine or motor...
engines manufactured by Toyota beginning in 1970 and ending in 1985. It started as a pushrod overhead valve
Overhead valve
An overhead valve engine, also informally called pushrod engine or I-head engine, is a type of piston engine that places the camshaft within the cylinder block , and uses pushrods or rods to actuate rocker arms above the cylinder...
(OHV) design and later performance oriented twin cam (DOHC) variants were added to the lineup. Toyota had built its solid reputation on the reliability of these engines.
The 4T-GTE variant of this engine allowed Toyota to compete in the World Rally Championship
World Rally Championship
The World Rally Championship is a rallying series organised by the FIA, culminating with a champion driver and manufacturer. The driver's world championship and manufacturer's world championship are separate championships, but based on the same point system. The series currently consists of 13...
in the early 1980s, making it the first Japanese manufacturer to do so.
Race engines based on the 2T-G include the 100E and 151E.
- All T engines utilize a timing chain and have a cast iron block with an alloy cylinder head with hardened valve seats and a hemispherical combustion chamber design (HEMI)..
- All T engines are carburated except those with electronic fuel injection, "E" designation.
- All T engines use a 2 valve OHV design except those with a DOHC performance head, "G" designation.
- The 12T/13T has a sub-cylinder directly behind the spark plug that leads into a smaller chamber for emission purposes.
The Toyota T engine series was later replaced by the Toyota A engine
Toyota A engine
The A Series engines are a family of straight-4 internal combustion engines with displacement from 1.3 L to 1.8 L produced by Toyota Motor Corporation...
series.
Features overview
| Code | Bore mm | Stroke mm | Power PS (kW) | Torque ft·lbf (N·m) | Compression | Years | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T | 80 | 70 | 86 at 6,000 rpm | 86 at 3,800 rpm | 8.5 | 1970–1979 | |
| T-B | 80 | 70 | 95 at 6,000 rpm | 89 at 4,000 rpm | 9.0 | 1970–1975 | dual carburetor |
| T-BR | 80 | 70 | 91 at 6,000 rpm | 86 at 4,000 rpm | 8.5 | 1970–1975 | dual carburetor, low compression |
| T-J | 80 | 70 | 80 at 6,000 rpm | 82 at 3,800 rpm | 8.5 | 1975- | Japanese emission controls for commercial vehicles |
| 2T | 85 | 70 | 102 bhp at 6,000 rpm | 101 at 3,800 rpm | 8.5 | 50 kW and 105Nm (South Africa) | |
| 2T-C | 85 | 70 | 88 at 6,000 rpm | 91 at 3,800 rpm | 8.5 | 1970–1979 | emission controls (EGR) |
| 2T-B | 85 | 70 | 105 at 6,000 rpm | 101 at 4,000 rpm | 9.4 | 1970–1975 | dual carburetor |
| 2T-BR | 85 | 70 | 100 at 6,000 rpm | 100 at 4,000 rpm | 8.5 | 1970–1975 | dual carburetor, low compression |
| 2T-U | 85 | 70 | 90 at 6,000 rpm | 94 at 3,800 rpm | 8.5 | 1975– | Japanese emission controls (TTC-C) |
| 12T | 85 | 70 | 90 at 6,000 rpm | 94 at 3,800 rpm | 9.0 | Japanese emission controls (TTC-L) | |
| 12T-U | 85 | 70 | 88 at 5,600 rpm | 96 at 3,400 rpm | 9.3 | Japanese emission controls (TTC-V) | |
| 12T-J | 85 | 70 | Japanese emission controls for commercial vehicles | ||||
| 2T-G | 85 | 70 | 115 at 6,400 rpm | 105 at 5,200 rpm | 9.8 | 1970–1975 | DOHC, dual carburetor |
| 2T-GR | 85 | 70 | 110 at 6,000 rpm | 101 at 4,800 rpm | 8.8 | 1970–1975 | DOHC, dual carburetor, low compression |
| 2T-GEU | 85 | 70 | 115 at 6,000 rpm | 109 at 4,800 rpm | 8.4 | 1978–1985 | DOHC, EFI, Japanese emission controls (TTC-C) |
| 3T | 85 | 78 | |||||
| 3T-C | 85 | 78 | emission controls (EGR) | ||||
| 3T-U | 85 | 78 | Japanese emission controls (TTC-C) | ||||
| 3T-EU | 85 | 78 | 105 at 5,400 rpm | 162 at 3,600 rpm | 9.0 | EFI, Japanese emission controls (TTC-C) | |
| 3T-GTE | 85 | 78 | 160 at 6,000 rpm | 152 at 4,800 rpm | 7.8 | DOHC, EFI, turbo, twin spark plugs, Japanese emission controls | |
| 3T-GTEU | 85 | 78 | Same as 3T-GTE | ||||
| 13T | 85 | 78 | Japanese emission controls (TTC-L) | ||||
| 13T-U | 85 | 78 | Japanese emission controls (TTC-V) | ||||
| 4T-GTEU | 85.5 | 78.0 | 180 | Road version, DOHC, EFI, turbo, twin spark plugs, Japanese emission controls, 1,791 cc | |||
| 4T-GTEU | 89.0 | 84.0 | 180 | Race version, DOHC, EFI, KKK turbo, twin spark plugs, 2,090 cc | |||
T
The first T engine displaced 1,407 cc and was produced from 1970 through 1979. Cylinder bore is 80 mm (3.15 in) and stroke is 70 mm (2.76 in).Output is 86 hp (64 kW) at 6000 RPM and 85 ft·lbf (115 N·m) at 3800 RPM. The more-powerful twin-carburetor
Carburetor
A carburetor , carburettor, or carburetter is a device that blends air and fuel for an internal combustion engine. It is sometimes shortened to carb in North America and the United Kingdom....
T-B was produced for the first six years.
Applications:
- Toyota CorollaToyota CorollaThe Toyota Corolla is a line of subcompact and compact cars manufactured by the Japanese automaker Toyota, which has become very popular throughout the world since the nameplate was first introduced in 1966. In 1997, the Corolla became the best selling nameplate in the world, with over 35 million...
E20 & E30 series - Toyota CarinaToyota CarinaReleased in Japan August 1977, the next-generation Carina was available in Germany in December 1977 and in other European countries during 1978. In most markets it was fitted with the same 1,588 cc 2T engine as its predecessor. In the Carina, an output of was claimed...
A10 series - Toyota CelicaToyota CelicaThe Toyota Celica name has been applied to a series of coupes made by the Japanese company Toyota. The name is ultimately derived from the Latin word coelica meaning "heavenly" or "celestial"....
A20 series
2T
The larger 1,588 cc 2T was produced from 1970 through 1984. Cylinder bore is 85 mm and stroke is 70 mm.The 2T engines are usually coupled with either a T40 4 speed/T50 5 speed manual transmission, or an A40 3 speed automatic transmission.
Output for the early 2T-C bigport design is 102 hp which is also due to different SAE testing methods, while the later version is 75 hp (56 kW) at 5,200 rpm and 87 ft.lbf (117 Nm) at 3,600 rpm. The twin-carb 2T-B produces 90-105 hp (67-78 kW) and 85–102 ft·lbf (115-138 N·m).
Applications:
- Toyota CorollaToyota CorollaThe Toyota Corolla is a line of subcompact and compact cars manufactured by the Japanese automaker Toyota, which has become very popular throughout the world since the nameplate was first introduced in 1966. In 1997, the Corolla became the best selling nameplate in the world, with over 35 million...
E20 through E30 series - Toyota CarinaToyota CarinaReleased in Japan August 1977, the next-generation Carina was available in Germany in December 1977 and in other European countries during 1978. In most markets it was fitted with the same 1,588 cc 2T engine as its predecessor. In the Carina, an output of was claimed...
A10 through A60 series - Toyota CelicaToyota CelicaThe Toyota Celica name has been applied to a series of coupes made by the Japanese company Toyota. The name is ultimately derived from the Latin word coelica meaning "heavenly" or "celestial"....
A20 through A60 series - Toyota CoronaToyota CoronaThe Toyota Corona is an automobile manufactured by the Japanese automaker Toyota between 1957 and 2002. Traditionally, the competitor from Nissan was the Nissan Bluebird. The word Corona is Latin for "crown"...
T70 series - Daihatsu CharmantDaihatsu CharmantThe Daihatsu Charmant is a compact sedan built by Daihatsu of Japan, based on the Toyota Corolla. It was replaced by the Daihatsu Applause. The Charmant was originally a spin-off of the Toyota Corolla of the 1970s; model changes paralleled those of the Corolla. All Charmants were fitted with Toyota...
This engine was also commonly used in Australian Formula Two
Australian Formula Two
Australian Formula 2, sometimes abbreviated to AF2 or ANF2, is a wings and slicks formula racing category in Australia. The category is one of Australia's oldest, dating back to 1964. The current format of AF2 was introduced in 1978...
race cars during the 1970s and 1980s, where they typically made between 180 and 200 hp. The 1979 championship was won by a Toyota 2T powered Cheetah mk6. In 1984 Peter Glover borrowed a Cheetah mk7 powered by Toyota 2T for one round. The car won the round and helped secure the championship.
12T
The 1,588 cc 12T and 12T-U (catalyzed version) was produced from 1970 through 1983. It produces 88 hp (66 kW) at 5,600 rpm and 96 ft·lbf (130 N·m) at 3,400 rpm. There was also a 12T-J version for commercial vehicles, which didn't have to meet as stringent emissions standards in Japan.Applications:
- Toyota Corolla TE52
- Toyota Sprinter TE66
- Mar 1976-Jul 1977 Toyota Carina TA31-A
- Aug 1977-Aug 1981 Toyota Carina TA41-A
- Aug 1979-Aug 1981 Toyota Carina Van TA49V-A (12T-J)
- Aug 1977-Jun 1981 Toyota Celica TA41-B
- Jan 1980-Feb 1982 Toyota Celica Camry TA41-C
- Toyota Corona TT120
- Sep 1978-Dec 1981Toyota Corona TT130
- Dec 1979-Dec 1981Toyota Corona Van TT138 (12T-J)
- Jan 1982-Oct 1983Toyota Corona Van TT147 (12T-J)
2T-G
The 2T-G was replaced by the 4A-GE in most applications.
Applications:
- Toyota Corolla Levin E20 through E70 series
- Toyota CelicaToyota CelicaThe Toyota Celica name has been applied to a series of coupes made by the Japanese company Toyota. The name is ultimately derived from the Latin word coelica meaning "heavenly" or "celestial"....
A20 through A60 series - Toyota CarinaToyota CarinaReleased in Japan August 1977, the next-generation Carina was available in Germany in December 1977 and in other European countries during 1978. In most markets it was fitted with the same 1,588 cc 2T engine as its predecessor. In the Carina, an output of was claimed...
A10 through A60 series
Like the 2.0 L 18R-G, the 2T-G was considered the flagship engine of Toyota's 1600 class until it was superseded by the 4A-GE in the 1980s. The 2T-G is still a popular engine for conversions to classic Celicas and Corollas and are often suitable for classic and formula racing series.
When bored out to a maximum of 89 mm and combined with a 3T crankshaft, the 2T and 2T-G will have a displacement of almost 2.0L. The 2T and 3T series use the same conrod dimensions, with the different pin heights on the pistons. Aftermarket pistons are available from very low (<7:1) through to very high (>13:1) compression ratios. Racing 2T-G engines ("NOVA") featured 87.0 mm bore and 84.0 mm stroke for a 1,997 cc displacement. Output is around 170 PS at 6,000 rpm with a 12:1 compression ratio. This engine was used in Formula 3 cars in both Europe and Japan (where it dominated), as well as in Formula Pacific
Formula Pacific
Formula Pacific was a motor racing category which was utilised in the Pacific Basin area from 1977 to 1982. It specified a single-seat, open-wheeler chassis powered by a production-based four-cylinder engine of under 1600cc capacity. The formula was based on Formula Atlantic, with provision made...
(FP).
3T
The 3T displaces 1,770 cc and was produced from 1977 through 1985. Cylinder bore is 85 mm (3.35 in) and stroke is 78 mm (3.07 in).The 3T OHV engines are mated to either of a T40 4 speed, T50 5 speed manual transmission, or an A40 3 speed, or A40D 4 speed automatic transmission.
Output ranges from 70-105 hp (52-78 kW) and 93–120 ft·lbf (126-162 N·m) between the California 3T-C and Japan-spec fuel injected 3T-EU.
Applications:
- Toyota CarinaToyota CarinaReleased in Japan August 1977, the next-generation Carina was available in Germany in December 1977 and in other European countries during 1978. In most markets it was fitted with the same 1,588 cc 2T engine as its predecessor. In the Carina, an output of was claimed...
TA40 series - Toyota CorollaToyota CorollaThe Toyota Corolla is a line of subcompact and compact cars manufactured by the Japanese automaker Toyota, which has become very popular throughout the world since the nameplate was first introduced in 1966. In 1997, the Corolla became the best selling nameplate in the world, with over 35 million...
E70 series - Toyota CoronaToyota CoronaThe Toyota Corona is an automobile manufactured by the Japanese automaker Toyota between 1957 and 2002. Traditionally, the competitor from Nissan was the Nissan Bluebird. The word Corona is Latin for "crown"...
T130 series - Toyota CelicaToyota CelicaThe Toyota Celica name has been applied to a series of coupes made by the Japanese company Toyota. The name is ultimately derived from the Latin word coelica meaning "heavenly" or "celestial"....
A60 series - Toyota Celica Camry TA50 series
13T
The 1,770 cc 13T-U was produced from 1977 through 1982. It produces 95 PS at 5,400 rpm and 15 kgm at 3,400 rpm with a twin barrel carburettor.Applications:
- Toyota CorollaToyota CorollaThe Toyota Corolla is a line of subcompact and compact cars manufactured by the Japanese automaker Toyota, which has become very popular throughout the world since the nameplate was first introduced in 1966. In 1997, the Corolla became the best selling nameplate in the world, with over 35 million...
T-18 - Toyota CelicaToyota CelicaThe Toyota Celica name has been applied to a series of coupes made by the Japanese company Toyota. The name is ultimately derived from the Latin word coelica meaning "heavenly" or "celestial"....
A40 series - Toyota Celica Camry TA46
3T-GTE
The 3T-GTE, first released in September 1982, is the most performance orientated version of the 3T engine. It features a twin-spark (two spark plugSpark plug
A spark plug is an electrical device that fits into the cylinder head of some internal combustion engines and ignites compressed fuels such as aerosol, gasoline, ethanol, and liquefied petroleum gas by means of an electric spark.Spark plugs have an insulated central electrode which is connected by...
s per cylinder) design, is mated to a W55 5speed transmission, and is turbocharged with a Toyota CT-20 Turbo (the same unit as used in the 2L-T diesel) to generate 160 PS (119 kW) at 6,000 rpm and 152 ft·lbf (206 N·m) at 4,800 rpm. This was the first turbocharged twin-cam engine built in Japan. Units built after May 1983 received a water cooled turbocharger. The engine was considerably over-engineered for durability, for instance featuring doubled camroller chains, as it was also to form the basis for the 4T-GT competition engines.
Applications:
- 1982.09–-? Toyota CelicaToyota CelicaThe Toyota Celica name has been applied to a series of coupes made by the Japanese company Toyota. The name is ultimately derived from the Latin word coelica meaning "heavenly" or "celestial"....
A40 and A60 series - 1982.09–-? Toyota CarinaToyota CarinaReleased in Japan August 1977, the next-generation Carina was available in Germany in December 1977 and in other European countries during 1978. In most markets it was fitted with the same 1,588 cc 2T engine as its predecessor. In the Carina, an output of was claimed...
A60 series - 1982.09–-? Toyota CoronaToyota CoronaThe Toyota Corona is an automobile manufactured by the Japanese automaker Toyota between 1957 and 2002. Traditionally, the competitor from Nissan was the Nissan Bluebird. The word Corona is Latin for "crown"...
T140 series
4T-GTE
This is the version of the T family which powered Toyota's Group BGroup B
Group B was a set of regulations introduced in 1982 for competition vehicles in sportscar racing and rallying regulated by the FIA. The Group B regulations fostered some of the quickest, most powerful and sophisticated rally cars ever built. However, a series of major accidents, some fatal, were...
and World Rally Championship
World Rally Championship
The World Rally Championship is a rallying series organised by the FIA, culminating with a champion driver and manufacturer. The driver's world championship and manufacturer's world championship are separate championships, but based on the same point system. The series currently consists of 13...
cars. The homologation engine, introduced in November 1982, features a 0.5 mm increase in bore over the 3T, giving 1,791 cc. With a multiplication factor of 1.4 for turbocharged engines, this equalled 2,507 cc in the eyes of the FIA, placing the Celica in the 2,501-3,000 cc class. The smaller 3T engine would have fit snugly under the 2.5-liter limit, but being in the larger class allowed Toyota to stretch the 4T-GT engine to 2,090 cc (89.0 x 84.0 mm for a converted displacement of 2,926 cc) which better suited the comparatively heavy Celica.
In race trim it was a high-performance engine of 2,090 cc with either a Toyota or a KKK/K27 turbocharger
Turbocharger
A turbocharger, or turbo , from the Greek "τύρβη" is a centrifugal compressor powered by a turbine that is driven by an engine's exhaust gases. Its benefit lies with the compressor increasing the mass of air entering the engine , thereby resulting in greater performance...
, electronic fuel injection, and a twin-spark ignition system, producing 360 to 600 PS depending on race trim. The 1984 Group B rally version produced 326 PS at 8,000 rpm. The road going homologation version (4T-GTEU, 200 built) produces 180 PS. The total build number, including modified versions, was 228.
Applications:
- Toyota CelicaToyota CelicaThe Toyota Celica name has been applied to a series of coupes made by the Japanese company Toyota. The name is ultimately derived from the Latin word coelica meaning "heavenly" or "celestial"....
Twincam Turbo TA64 - Toyota CelicaToyota CelicaThe Toyota Celica name has been applied to a series of coupes made by the Japanese company Toyota. The name is ultimately derived from the Latin word coelica meaning "heavenly" or "celestial"....
"IMSA GTO" - Toyota 83C
- Toyota 84C
- Toyota 85C
- Toyota 86C
- Eagle Mk I
Race engines
The '151E' engine used 4 valves per cylinder.The '100E' engine used twin spark plugs with 2 valves per cylinder but was used mainly by a Toyota works team.
Italy Nova Corporation produced a 2.0 L engine based on the 2T-G that was used in most of the world F3 cars for a long time.
The production 1791 cc 4T-GTE was stretched to 2090 cc for race use.