Toyota Kijang
Encyclopedia
The Kijang is a pick-up or minibus sold in Indonesia
and Brunei
, made by Toyota. "Kijang", meaning deer
/muntjac
in Indonesian
, was first introduced in Indonesia in 1977 and it has become the most popular car in the country ever since. This car is also sold in other countries, and is known as the Unser in Malaysia (Innova for the fourth generation), Zace in Taiwan
, Qualis and Innova in India
, Nepal
, and the Philippines, and Stallion and Condor in South Africa
. The original Kijang is known as the Revo
in the Philippines (see the Revo
for the history of the Tamaraw and Tamaraw FX).
It is relatively affordable in the markets where sold when compared to four-wheel drive
vehicles (the Kijang is a two-wheel drive
) and features high seating capacity, large ground clearance and rugged suspension
, popular features in an area with generally poor road quality and large extended families.
In Indonesia, typically the whole extended family climbs in before even short trips, just for the adventure, as opposed to true car-pooling. The family Kijang is treated with love and many get professionally detailed
every month. Depending on a person's size, the vehicle can carry as many as 9-15 passengers, since many of the countries the Kijang is sold in do not require safety belt usage at that time.
It is manufactured as a CKD (complete knock-down) in almost every country it is sold in, and many of the parts come from each of the markets in which it is sold.
, and production began in 1977. The first Kijang was a boxy little pick-up truck
powered by 1.2 liter 3K engine matched to 4 speed manual transmission
. The pick-up with rear body and roof was also produced. The Kijang Minibus
was built by a local company.
Description from Toyota Astra Indonesia site :
In English it means:
, the Tamaraw was also sold as long wheelbase 30-series.
Introduced in late 1986, the Kijang was offered as short wheelbase
(KF40 series) and long wheelbase (KF50 series). The Standard Kijang had a 4 speed manual transmission, while the Super Kijang had a 5 speed manual and a better equipped interior. Introduced in this generation was Full Pressed Body Minibus built by companies appointed by Toyota.
Minor change was given in 1992. The Minibus now had a right side rear door and adopted a new name, Toyota Original Body, instead of Full Pressed Body. In its creation process, it was pressed and used pointed welding. Until this day, it could be described as the only "putty-free" Kijang.
Trim levels for Minibus were Standard, Deluxe, and Grand Extra, with emblems for short models being the SX, SSX, and SGX; and for the long ones the LX, LSX, and LGX.
In 1994, the Kijang received the second minor change with a new grille and 1.8 liter 7K-C engine.
The Kijang was sold in India under the name of Qualis. The Qualis was based on the third-generation model, but came with the newer fourth-generation nose.
A version was built and sold in South Africa
as the Toyota Venture, with the pick-up variant called the Toyota Stallion.
It was called as the Tamaraw FX in the Philippines when it was introduced in the early-90's.
The new Kijang was more powerful and more refined than its predecessors. The Pick-up was coded 60-series. The Minibus, often known as Kijang Capsule, was either the 70-series (short wheelbase) or the 80-series (long wheelbase). Engine options were either the 1.8-litre non EFI gasoline, 2.0-litre EFI gasoline, 1.8-litre EFI gasoline, or 2.4-litre diesel engine
. The diesel-equipped Kijang was the favorite model in Indonesia, because it could reach up to 14 kilometres with 1 litre of fuel
, which was comparable to the Isuzu Panther
(which gave the same rate of engine but with stiffer design). The design cues of this generation of the Kijang later appeared in the last revisions of the Philippines' Revo
.
The fourth generation Kijang vehicles were generally released in two series of trims:
The Pick-up variant was offered with Standard Deck and Flat Deck. Trim levels for the Minibus included SX, SSX, SGX (short), LX, LSX, LGX, and Krista (long). The short wheelbase and sporty Rangga was also offered for a short time, but this model was not successful in the market, with only a very few units sold.
In the year 2000, the Kijang got a new front end. The 2.0-liter engine was offered in the LGX and Krista models. Another minor change was given in 2003 with new grille, rear garnish, and some small changes with its features.
Fourth generation Kijang, in Indonesia, was changed three times:
a. First edition (1997 - early 2000): The body's steel was thicker than 2nd edition. The window was still equipped with a rubber seal. It used 1.8-litre gasoline and 2.4 diesel.
b. Second edition (2000–2003): Thinner body-steel was used to decrease production cost; therefore, the new model was sold as the same price as the 1st model. It used compound sealant for the rear window, while the front windscreen was still using rubber seals. The design of the front panel was slightly changed (mostly on the driver's side). This model (and upwards) enabled users to choose which engine they wanted to use - the original (but renewed) 2.0-litre gasoline engine, a 2.4-litre diesel engine, or the new 1.8-litre EFI engine.
c. Third edition (2003–2005): LSX and LGX series and SGX for short series were now equipped with suede doortrim (the older model used carpet-like doortrim made from plastic). The interior changed into full beige color (the older models' color is mostly gray).
as a cheaper version to replace non-premier Kijangs in late 2003. The new 2004 Kijang is more luxurious and expensive than the 4th Generation. This all new Kijang is called the Kijang Innova. The Innova was a MPV
powered by either a 2.0-liter 1TR-FE VVT-i
Gasoline, a 2.7-liter 2TR-FE VVT-i Gasoline, or a 2.5 liter 2KD-FTV D4-D Common Rail
Diesel. The Kijang Innova is based on the modified chassis of the 2003 Japanese market WISH
platform. It was part of Toyota's IMV program together with the Hilux Vigo
pickup truck and Fortuner
SUV.
The Innova MPV sold in large numbers in India
(where it's known as an MUV)- primarily serving the tourist taxi market and fleet operations of large technology business process outsourcing companies. It also enjoyed large markets in Malaysia, East Timor
and the Philippines. In the Philippines, it discontinued the Tamaraw/Tamaraw FX/Revo line in the process (as the Toyota MPV sold there became simply known as the "Innova").
. The engines will remain same as Innova: its petrol engine is the 1TR-FE 2.0 L 16-valve VVT-i 136 PS 182 Nm and diesel engine is 2KD-FTV 2.5 L D4-D common-rail 16-valve 102 PS 260 Nm. The prototype design has already been released in PDF format by an Indonesian designer and has some brand new exterior and interior designs plus improvements to the Kijang that will be present in 2012. The design is matched with current car design trend for both the exterior and interior, plus Toyota's J-Factor will appear on the sixth-generation Kijang. The essential design given to the nickname of sixth generation Kijang concept was "Kijang Essential".
Indonesia
Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
and Brunei
Brunei
Brunei , officially the State of Brunei Darussalam or the Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace , is a sovereign state located on the north coast of the island of Borneo, in Southeast Asia...
, made by Toyota. "Kijang", meaning deer
Deer
Deer are the ruminant mammals forming the family Cervidae. Species in the Cervidae family include white-tailed deer, elk, moose, red deer, reindeer, fallow deer, roe deer and chital. Male deer of all species and female reindeer grow and shed new antlers each year...
/muntjac
Muntjac
Muntjac, also known as Barking Deer and Mastreani Deer, are small deer of the genus Muntiacus. Muntjac are the oldest known deer, appearing 15–35 million years ago, with remains found in Miocene deposits in France, Germany and Poland....
in Indonesian
Indonesian language
Indonesian is the official language of Indonesia. Indonesian is a normative form of the Riau Islands dialect of Malay, an Austronesian language which has been used as a lingua franca in the Indonesian archipelago for centuries....
, was first introduced in Indonesia in 1977 and it has become the most popular car in the country ever since. This car is also sold in other countries, and is known as the Unser in Malaysia (Innova for the fourth generation), Zace in Taiwan
Taiwan
Taiwan , also known, especially in the past, as Formosa , is the largest island of the same-named island group of East Asia in the western Pacific Ocean and located off the southeastern coast of mainland China. The island forms over 99% of the current territory of the Republic of China following...
, Qualis and Innova in India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
, Nepal
Nepal
Nepal , officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked sovereign state located in South Asia. It is located in the Himalayas and bordered to the north by the People's Republic of China, and to the south, east, and west by the Republic of India...
, and the Philippines, and Stallion and Condor in South Africa
South Africa
The Republic of South Africa is a country in southern Africa. Located at the southern tip of Africa, it is divided into nine provinces, with of coastline on the Atlantic and Indian oceans...
. The original Kijang is known as the Revo
Toyota Revo
For other uses, see Revo.The Toyota Revo is an Asian Sport Utility Vehicle produced by Toyota since 1998. The development started in 1997 and sold in 1998. It shares the same chassis platform with the corresponding Hilux and Hiace...
in the Philippines (see the Revo
Toyota Revo
For other uses, see Revo.The Toyota Revo is an Asian Sport Utility Vehicle produced by Toyota since 1998. The development started in 1997 and sold in 1998. It shares the same chassis platform with the corresponding Hilux and Hiace...
for the history of the Tamaraw and Tamaraw FX).
It is relatively affordable in the markets where sold when compared to four-wheel drive
Four-wheel drive
Four-wheel drive, 4WD, or 4×4 is a four-wheeled vehicle with a drivetrain that allows all four wheels to receive torque from the engine simultaneously...
vehicles (the Kijang is a two-wheel drive
Two-wheel drive
Two wheel drive or 2WD describes vehicles with a drivetrain that allows two wheels to receive power from the engine simultaneously.-Four wheeled vehicles:...
) and features high seating capacity, large ground clearance and rugged suspension
Suspension (vehicle)
Suspension is the term given to the system of springs, shock absorbers and linkages that connects a vehicle to its wheels. Suspension systems serve a dual purpose — contributing to the car's roadholding/handling and braking for good active safety and driving pleasure, and keeping vehicle occupants...
, popular features in an area with generally poor road quality and large extended families.
In Indonesia, typically the whole extended family climbs in before even short trips, just for the adventure, as opposed to true car-pooling. The family Kijang is treated with love and many get professionally detailed
Auto detailing
Auto detailing , is the performance of an extremely thorough cleaning, polishing and waxing of an automobile, both inside and out, to produce a show-quality level of detail. Besides improving appearance, detailing helps to preserve resale value of a car.Today, the United States may have more than...
every month. Depending on a person's size, the vehicle can carry as many as 9-15 passengers, since many of the countries the Kijang is sold in do not require safety belt usage at that time.
It is manufactured as a CKD (complete knock-down) in almost every country it is sold in, and many of the parts come from each of the markets in which it is sold.
First generation (1977-1980)
The prototype was displayed at 1975 Jakarta FairJakarta Fair
Jakarta Fair is a fair held annually in Jakarta International Expo Kemayoran, Jakarta, Indonesia, around June to July. It features exhibitions, trade promotions, shoppings, music performances, various shows, amusement rides, and food festival. The fair is meant to celebrate the anniversary of...
, and production began in 1977. The first Kijang was a boxy little pick-up truck
Pick-Up Truck
"Pick-Up Truck" is a song written and recorded by Belgian acid house musician Praga Khan. It is the third single from Praga's eighth studio album, Soundscraper....
powered by 1.2 liter 3K engine matched to 4 speed manual transmission
Manual transmission
A manual transmission, also known as a manual gearbox or standard transmission is a type of transmission used in motor vehicle applications...
. The pick-up with rear body and roof was also produced. The Kijang Minibus
Minibus
A minibus or minicoach is a passenger carrying motor vehicle that is designed to carry more people than a multi-purpose vehicle or minivan, but fewer people than a full-size bus. In the United Kingdom, the word "minibus" is used to describe any full-sized passenger carrying van. Minibuses have a...
was built by a local company.
Description from Toyota Astra Indonesia site :
In English it means:
"First introduced on the 9th of June 1977. It was a boxy pickup truck with a half door, the window was made only from plastic and tarp canvas. The door hinge can be seen from the outside. The KF10 generation was using a 3K engine (like the ones fitted in the Corolla). It uses a 4 speed manual transmission.
This first generation Kijang was famous for being called "Kijang Buaya" (Crocodile Kijang) because the engine hood can be opened to the side of the car. This car sold 26,806 units until the 2nd generation Kijang was introduced."
Second generation (1981-1985)
The 20-series Kijang retained its boxy style although the body panels were different. Under its slimmer hood was a 1.3 liter 4K engine, which was replaced in 1985 by a 1.5 liter 5K. The only transmission was a 4 speed manual. The facelift model had rectangular headlights. In the PhilippinesPhilippines
The Philippines , officially known as the Republic of the Philippines , is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam...
, the Tamaraw was also sold as long wheelbase 30-series.
Third generation (1986-1996)
Wheelbase
In both road and rail vehicles, the wheelbase is the distance between the centers of the front and rear wheels.- Road :In automobiles, the wheelbase is the horizontal distance between the center of the front wheel and the center of the rear wheel...
(KF40 series) and long wheelbase (KF50 series). The Standard Kijang had a 4 speed manual transmission, while the Super Kijang had a 5 speed manual and a better equipped interior. Introduced in this generation was Full Pressed Body Minibus built by companies appointed by Toyota.
Minor change was given in 1992. The Minibus now had a right side rear door and adopted a new name, Toyota Original Body, instead of Full Pressed Body. In its creation process, it was pressed and used pointed welding. Until this day, it could be described as the only "putty-free" Kijang.
Trim levels for Minibus were Standard, Deluxe, and Grand Extra, with emblems for short models being the SX, SSX, and SGX; and for the long ones the LX, LSX, and LGX.
In 1994, the Kijang received the second minor change with a new grille and 1.8 liter 7K-C engine.
The Kijang was sold in India under the name of Qualis. The Qualis was based on the third-generation model, but came with the newer fourth-generation nose.
A version was built and sold in South Africa
South Africa
The Republic of South Africa is a country in southern Africa. Located at the southern tip of Africa, it is divided into nine provinces, with of coastline on the Atlantic and Indian oceans...
as the Toyota Venture, with the pick-up variant called the Toyota Stallion.
It was called as the Tamaraw FX in the Philippines when it was introduced in the early-90's.
Fourth generation (1997-2003)
Diesel engine
A diesel engine is an internal combustion engine that uses the heat of compression to initiate ignition to burn the fuel, which is injected into the combustion chamber...
. The diesel-equipped Kijang was the favorite model in Indonesia, because it could reach up to 14 kilometres with 1 litre of fuel
Fuel
Fuel is any material that stores energy that can later be extracted to perform mechanical work in a controlled manner. Most fuels used by humans undergo combustion, a redox reaction in which a combustible substance releases energy after it ignites and reacts with the oxygen in the air...
, which was comparable to the Isuzu Panther
Isuzu Panther
The Isuzu Panther is a multi-purpose vehicle and pickup truck manufactured in Indonesia for the Asian market by Isuzu Motors. The model is suited to carrying large loads of passengers or cargo. It was developed to meet local conditions in terms of climate, roads and family structure as a durable...
(which gave the same rate of engine but with stiffer design). The design cues of this generation of the Kijang later appeared in the last revisions of the Philippines' Revo
Toyota Revo
For other uses, see Revo.The Toyota Revo is an Asian Sport Utility Vehicle produced by Toyota since 1998. The development started in 1997 and sold in 1998. It shares the same chassis platform with the corresponding Hilux and Hiace...
.
The fourth generation Kijang vehicles were generally released in two series of trims:
- Long Series
- LX: Standard (Very basic model without air conditioning, cassette tape player, power windows, tachometer or other luxuries. An air conditioning unit could be added for , approximately equivalent to .)
- LSX: Standard Plus (Equipped with standard AC and cassette tape player)
- LGX: Deluxe (Equipped with double blower AC, cassette tape/CD player, power windows and garnish)
- Krista (long series only): Deluxe Sport Edition (Same as LGX but available in only blue, red, black, silver or green color, and including sports kit; the Krista edition also included specially made doortrim.)
- Short Series
- SX: Standard (Without air conditioning, cassette tape player, power windows, tachometer or other luxuries)
- SSX: Standard Plus (Equipped with standard AC and cassette tape player)
- SGX: Deluxe (Equipped with doubleblower AC, cassette tape/CD player, power windows and garnish)
The Pick-up variant was offered with Standard Deck and Flat Deck. Trim levels for the Minibus included SX, SSX, SGX (short), LX, LSX, LGX, and Krista (long). The short wheelbase and sporty Rangga was also offered for a short time, but this model was not successful in the market, with only a very few units sold.
In the year 2000, the Kijang got a new front end. The 2.0-liter engine was offered in the LGX and Krista models. Another minor change was given in 2003 with new grille, rear garnish, and some small changes with its features.
Fourth generation Kijang, in Indonesia, was changed three times:
a. First edition (1997 - early 2000): The body's steel was thicker than 2nd edition. The window was still equipped with a rubber seal. It used 1.8-litre gasoline and 2.4 diesel.
b. Second edition (2000–2003): Thinner body-steel was used to decrease production cost; therefore, the new model was sold as the same price as the 1st model. It used compound sealant for the rear window, while the front windscreen was still using rubber seals. The design of the front panel was slightly changed (mostly on the driver's side). This model (and upwards) enabled users to choose which engine they wanted to use - the original (but renewed) 2.0-litre gasoline engine, a 2.4-litre diesel engine, or the new 1.8-litre EFI engine.
c. Third edition (2003–2005): LSX and LGX series and SGX for short series were now equipped with suede doortrim (the older model used carpet-like doortrim made from plastic). The interior changed into full beige color (the older models' color is mostly gray).
Fifth generation (2004-2012)
In 2004, Toyota launched the new Kijang, with the introduction of the new AvanzaToyota Avanza
The Toyota Avanza is a mini MPV designed by Daihatsu. It is produced in Indonesia and also assembled contract assembled in Malaysia . Daihatsu designed and manufacturer the vehicle, which is then sold by both Daihatsu and Toyota under Xenia and Avanza name plate respectively...
as a cheaper version to replace non-premier Kijangs in late 2003. The new 2004 Kijang is more luxurious and expensive than the 4th Generation. This all new Kijang is called the Kijang Innova. The Innova was a MPV
Minivan
Minivan is a type of van designed for personal use. Minivans are typically either two-box or one box designs for maximum interior volume – and are taller than a sedan, hatchback, or a station wagon....
powered by either a 2.0-liter 1TR-FE VVT-i
VVT-i
VVT-i, or Variable Valve Timing with intelligence, is an automobile variable valve timing technology developed by Toyota, similar in performance to the BMW's VANOS. The Toyota VVT-i system replaces the Toyota VVT offered starting in 24 December 1991 on the 5-valve per cylinder 4A-GE engine. The...
Gasoline, a 2.7-liter 2TR-FE VVT-i Gasoline, or a 2.5 liter 2KD-FTV D4-D Common Rail
Common rail
Common rail direct fuel injection is a modern variant of direct fuel injection system for petrol and diesel engines.On diesel engines, it features a high-pressure fuel rail feeding individual solenoid valves, as opposed to low-pressure fuel pump feeding unit injectors...
Diesel. The Kijang Innova is based on the modified chassis of the 2003 Japanese market WISH
Toyota WISH
The Toyota WISH is a Compact MPV produced by Japanese automaker Toyota since 2003. It is available as a six and seven-seater, equipped with either a 1.8 or 2.0-litre gasoline engine...
platform. It was part of Toyota's IMV program together with the Hilux Vigo
Toyota Hilux
The Toyota Hilux is a series of compact pickup trucks produced and marketed by the Toyota Motor Corporation. Most countries used the Hilux name for the entire life of the series but in North America, the Hilux name was retired in 1976 in favor of Truck, Pickup Truck, or Compact Truck...
pickup truck and Fortuner
Toyota Fortuner
The Toyota Fortuner, also known as the Toyota SW4, is a medium-sized SUV based on the Toyota Hilux. Originally assembled only in Thailand, but later also in Indonesia and other countries, the Fortuner is built on the well-established platform of the Toyota Hilux pickup truck. It features three...
SUV.
The Innova MPV sold in large numbers in India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
(where it's known as an MUV)- primarily serving the tourist taxi market and fleet operations of large technology business process outsourcing companies. It also enjoyed large markets in Malaysia, East Timor
East Timor
The Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, commonly known as East Timor , is a state in Southeast Asia. It comprises the eastern half of the island of Timor, the nearby islands of Atauro and Jaco, and Oecusse, an exclave on the northwestern side of the island, within Indonesian West Timor...
and the Philippines. In the Philippines, it discontinued the Tamaraw/Tamaraw FX/Revo line in the process (as the Toyota MPV sold there became simply known as the "Innova").
Sixth generation (from 2012)
Toyota has prepared the sixth-generation Kijang and it is scheduled to be launched in 2012. It will be using the same chassis, suspension and engine as the fifth generation Kijang InnovaToyota Innova
The Toyota Innova is a Toyota-designed Compact MPV i.e. being less than in length as per the European system of size classification, produced in Indonesia under supervision by Toyota Astra Motor since 2003. As with Toyota Kijang, which it replaced, the Toyota Innova is produced and first marketed...
. The engines will remain same as Innova: its petrol engine is the 1TR-FE 2.0 L 16-valve VVT-i 136 PS 182 Nm and diesel engine is 2KD-FTV 2.5 L D4-D common-rail 16-valve 102 PS 260 Nm. The prototype design has already been released in PDF format by an Indonesian designer and has some brand new exterior and interior designs plus improvements to the Kijang that will be present in 2012. The design is matched with current car design trend for both the exterior and interior, plus Toyota's J-Factor will appear on the sixth-generation Kijang. The essential design given to the nickname of sixth generation Kijang concept was "Kijang Essential".