Tobacco in the United States
Encyclopedia
Tobacco
has a long history in the United States
and in recent years controversy has arisen due to the suppression of studies on the health effects of smoking
.
for pipe
s and snuff
. Different war efforts in the world created a shift in demand and production of tobacco in the world and the American colonies. With the advent of the American Revolution
trade with the colonies
was interrupted which shifted trade to other countries in the world. During this shift there was an increase in demand for tobacco in the United States
, where the demand for tobacco in the form of cigar
s and chewing tobacco
increased. Other wars, such as the War of 1812
would introduce the Andalusia
n cigarette
to the rest of Europe
. This, accompanied with the American Civil War
changed the production of tobacco in America to the manufactured cigarette.
is a 1999 feature film about the production of a news segment exposing Big Tobacco
.
Lobbyists include:
Tobacco
Tobacco is an agricultural product processed from the leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana. It can be consumed, used as a pesticide and, in the form of nicotine tartrate, used in some medicines...
has a long history in the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
and in recent years controversy has arisen due to the suppression of studies on the health effects of smoking
Smoking
Smoking is a practice in which a substance, most commonly tobacco or cannabis, is burned and the smoke is tasted or inhaled. This is primarily practised as a route of administration for recreational drug use, as combustion releases the active substances in drugs such as nicotine and makes them...
.
History of commercial tobacco
Commercial tobacco production dates back to the 17th century when the first commercial crop was planted. The industry originated in the production of tobaccoTobacco
Tobacco is an agricultural product processed from the leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana. It can be consumed, used as a pesticide and, in the form of nicotine tartrate, used in some medicines...
for pipe
Pipe
Pipe may refer to:* Pipe , a hollow cylinder following certain dimension rules* Smoking pipe* Pipe or butt, a cask measurement* Pipe , a type of metal casting defect...
s and snuff
Snuff
Snuff is a product made from ground or pulverised tobacco leaves. It is an example of smokeless tobacco. It originated in the Americas and was in common use in Europe by the 17th century...
. Different war efforts in the world created a shift in demand and production of tobacco in the world and the American colonies. With the advent of the American Revolution
American Revolution
The American Revolution was the political upheaval during the last half of the 18th century in which thirteen colonies in North America joined together to break free from the British Empire, combining to become the United States of America...
trade with the colonies
Thirteen Colonies
The Thirteen Colonies were English and later British colonies established on the Atlantic coast of North America between 1607 and 1733. They declared their independence in the American Revolution and formed the United States of America...
was interrupted which shifted trade to other countries in the world. During this shift there was an increase in demand for tobacco in the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
, where the demand for tobacco in the form of cigar
Cigar
A cigar is a tightly-rolled bundle of dried and fermented tobacco that is ignited so that its smoke may be drawn into the mouth. Cigar tobacco is grown in significant quantities in Brazil, Cameroon, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Honduras, Indonesia, Mexico, Nicaragua, Philippines, and the Eastern...
s and chewing tobacco
Chewing tobacco
Chewing tobacco Chewing tobacco Chewing tobacco (also known colloquially as hoobastank, backy, tobac, doogooos,Hogleg, chewpoos, chits, chewsky, chawsky, dip, flab, chowers, guy, or a wad, as well as referred to as dipsky, snuff, a pinch, a yopper, a Packing a bomb, a tobbackey or packing a...
increased. Other wars, such as the War of 1812
War of 1812
The War of 1812 was a military conflict fought between the forces of the United States of America and those of the British Empire. The Americans declared war in 1812 for several reasons, including trade restrictions because of Britain's ongoing war with France, impressment of American merchant...
would introduce the Andalusia
Andalusia
Andalusia is the most populous and the second largest in area of the autonomous communities of Spain. The Andalusian autonomous community is officially recognised as a nationality of Spain. The territory is divided into eight provinces: Huelva, Seville, Cádiz, Córdoba, Málaga, Jaén, Granada and...
n cigarette
Cigarette
A cigarette is a small roll of finely cut tobacco leaves wrapped in a cylinder of thin paper for smoking. The cigarette is ignited at one end and allowed to smoulder; its smoke is inhaled from the other end, which is held in or to the mouth and in some cases a cigarette holder may be used as well...
to the rest of Europe
Europe
Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...
. This, accompanied with the American Civil War
American Civil War
The American Civil War was a civil war fought in the United States of America. In response to the election of Abraham Lincoln as President of the United States, 11 southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America ; the other 25...
changed the production of tobacco in America to the manufactured cigarette.
Legislation
- Cigarette taxes in the United StatesCigarette taxes in the United StatesIn the United States cigarettes are taxed at both the federal and state levels, in addition to any state and local sales taxes and local cigarette-specific taxes. Cigarette taxation has appeared throughout American history and still presents itself prominently today. Overall public health officials...
- No Net Cost Tobacco Act of 1982No Net Cost Tobacco Act of 1982The No Net Cost Tobacco Act of 1982 required that the Tobacco Price Support Program operate at no net cost to taxpayers, other than for the administrative expenses common to all price support programs...
- Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control ActFamily Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control ActThe Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act, is a United States federal law that gives the Food and Drug Administration the power to regulate the tobacco industry...
- Planters' Protective AssociationPlanters' Protective AssociationThe Planters' Protective Association was an agrarian organization formed in the Kentucky and Tennessee "Black Patch" dedicated to fair business and the protection of farmers' economic interests in light of the market dominance of the American Tobacco Company.In September 1904, following the threat...
- Reality Check (organization)
- Tobacco MSA (Alabama)Tobacco MSA (Alabama)The Tobacco MSA with Alabama is the particular version of the Tobacco MSA that was signed by Alabama, was enabled by means of legislation of Alabama, and has been interpreted since then in Alabama courts....
- Tobacco MSA (Hawaii)Tobacco MSA (Hawaii)The Tobacco MSA with Hawaii is the particular version of the Tobacco MSA that was signed by Hawaii, was enabled by means of legislation of Hawaii, and has been interpreted since then in Hawaii state courts....
- Tobacco MSA (New York)Tobacco MSA (New York)The Tobacco MSA with New York is the particular version of the Tobacco MSA that was signed in New York City was enabled by means of legislation of New York State, and has been interpreted since then in New York State courts.-Master settlement agreement:...
- Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement
- Tobacco Price Support ProgramTobacco Price Support ProgramIn the United States the Tobacco Price Support Program used a combination of marketing quotas and nonrecourse loans to keep prices stable and higher than they would be otherwise. The tobacco quota limited production in order to raise prices...
- Tobacco Products Scientific Advisory CommitteeTobacco Products Scientific Advisory CommitteeThe Tobacco Products Scientific Advisory Committee is an advisory panel of the United States Food and Drug Administration organized to provide advice, information and recommendations to the FDA commissioner on matters related to the regulation of tobacco products...
Companies and products
Some of the notable tobacco companies in the US are:- U.S. Smokeless Tobacco CompanyU.S. Smokeless Tobacco CompanyU.S. Smokeless Tobacco Company manufactures dipping tobacco and is a subsidiary of Altria.Its corporate headquarters are located in Stamford, Connecticut, and it maintains factories in Clarksville and Nashville, Tennessee, Franklin Park, Illinois, and Hopkinsville, Kentucky.Copenhagen and Skoal...
- Flue-cured tobaccoFlue-cured tobaccoFlue-cured tobacco is a type of cigarette tobacco that along with burley tobacco account for more than 90% of U.S. tobacco production. Flue-cured farming is centered in North Carolina. Production was limited by national marketing quotas and acreage allotments, and was eligible for nonrecourse price...
- Burley tobacco
- Marlboro, a brand of cigarettes made by Philip Morris USA
Lobbying and organizations
There has been intensive lobbying in the US to portray smoking as a harmelss activity. The InsiderThe Insider (film)
The Insider is a 1999 film based on the true story of a 60 Minutes television series segment, as seen through the eyes of a real tobacco executive, Jeffrey Wigand. The 60 Minutes story originally aired in November 1995 in an altered form because of objections by CBS’ then-owner, Laurence Tisch, who...
is a 1999 feature film about the production of a news segment exposing Big Tobacco
Big Tobacco
Big Tobacco is a pejorative term often applied to the tobacco industry in general, or more particularly to the "big three" tobacco corporations in the United States: Philip Morris , Reynolds American and Lorillard...
.
Lobbyists include:
- Advancement of Sound Science CenterAdvancement of Sound Science CenterThe Advancement of Sound Science Center , formerly the Advancement of Sound Science Coalition, is an industry-funded lobby group which promotes the idea that environmental science on issues including smoking, pesticides and global warming is "junk science", which should be replaced by "sound science"...
- Alexis de Tocqueville InstitutionAlexis de Tocqueville InstitutionThe Alexis de Tocqueville Institution is a Washington, D.C.–based conservative think tank that produced reports and policy research....
- American Legacy FoundationAmerican Legacy FoundationThe American Legacy Foundation is a 501 not-for-profit organization dedicated to preventing teen smoking and encouraging smokers to quit. It was established in March 1998 as a result of the Master Settlement Agreement between a coalition of attorneys general in 46 states and five United States...
- DEBUNKIFYDEBUNKIFYDEBUNKIFY is a campaign established in July 2006 aimed at dispelling tobacco and secondhand smoke misperceptions. A mobile marketing tour, complete with a DEBUNKIFY-branded vehicle and a team of brand ambassadors, canvassed the state of Ohio on a 10-month run, with the aim of debunking tobacco...
- Tobacco InstituteTobacco InstituteThe Tobacco Institute, Inc. was a United States tobacco industry trade group, founded in 1958 by the American tobacco industry.It was dissolved in 1998 as part of the Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement.-Founding:...
- Golden LEAF FoundationGolden LEAF FoundationThe Golden LEAF Foundation is a nonprofit corporation based in Rocky Mount, North Carolina in the United States, that was created in 1999 to receive half of the funds coming to North Carolina from the master settlement agreement with cigarette manufacturers. The foundation is now devoted to...
- Youth Tobacco Cessation CollaborativeYouth Tobacco Cessation CollaborativeThe Youth Tobacco Cessation Collaborative was formed in the United States in 1998 to address the gap in knowledge about what cessation strategies are most effective in assisting youth to quit smoking...
- WhiteLies.tvWhiteLies.tvWhitelies.tv is the adult brand for the anti-tobacco education campaign for the state of Indiana and was launched in 2001, by Indiana Tobacco Prevention and Cessation...
See also
- List of smoking bans in the United States
- Steven C. Parrish, the Senior Vice President of Philip Morris
- Controlled substances in Oregon#Tobacco
- C. C. LittleC. C. LittleClarence Cook "C.C." Little was an American genetics, cancer, and tobacco researcher and academic administrator.-Biography:...
- tobacco researcher