Thornography
Encyclopedia
Thornography is the seventh full-length studio album by Cradle of Filth
Cradle of Filth
Cradle of Filth are an English extreme metal band, formed in Suffolk in 1991. The band's musical style evolved from black metal to a cleaner and more "produced" amalgam of gothic metal, symphonic black metal, and other extreme metal styles, while their lyrical themes and imagery are heavily...

 released through Roadrunner Records
Roadrunner Records
Roadrunner Records is an American record label that concentrates primarily on heavy metal bands. It is currently a subsidiary of Warner Music Group.-History:...

 in October, 2006. The album is produced by Anthrax
Anthrax (band)
Anthrax is an American heavy metal band from New York City, formed in 1981. Founded by guitarists Scott Ian and Danny Lilker, the band has since released ten studio albums and 20 singles, and an EP featuring Public Enemy. The band was one of the most popular of the 1980s thrash metal scene...

 guitarist Rob Caggiano
Rob Caggiano
Robert Caggiano is an American guitarist and producer best known as the lead & rhythm guitarist of the Heavy Metal band Anthrax. His first professional band was Boiler Room that formed in 1996. The band caught the attention of Roadrunner Records after an opening slot for Orgy in 1999...

, engineered and co-produced by Dan Turner and mixed by Andy Sneap
Andy Sneap
Andy "Undie" Sneap is an English record producer, recording engineer, mixer, guitarist, and songwriter. He is best known for producing and mixing many acclaimed heavy metal albums.-Musician:...

, and once again features narration by Doug Bradley
Doug Bradley
Douglas William "Doug" Bradley is an English actor best known for his roles in the Hellraiser film series.- Early life :Bradley was born in Liverpool, England...

 (as with Midian
Midian (album)
Midian is the fourth studio album by Cradle of Filth, released on Halloween 2000. The album marks the return of Paul Allender and Gian Pyres to the band and the introduction of Adrian Erlandsson and Martin Powell...

 and Nymphetamine
Nymphetamine
Nymphetamine is the sixth album by English extreme metal band Cradle of Filth, released on September 28, 2004. Nymphetamine marks the first recorded appearance of guitarist James McIlroy on a Cradle of Filth album. He would later record guitar for the band's 2010 release Darkly, Darkly, Venus Aversa...

). It is Cradle of Filth's second album in which they are depicted as a five-piece as keyboardist Martin Powell
Martin Powell
Martin Powell is an English musician. In 1991, Powell auditioned for the position of bass-playing in the band My Dying Bride, but was turned down as the band had just filled the position...

 left the band in 2005; and would also be the band's final album to feature drummer Adrian Erlandsson
Adrian Erlandsson
Adrian Erlandsson is a prolific Swedish heavy metal drummer, who currently plays in Brujeria, Netherbird, with his wife in Nemhain and in Yorkshire doom metal band Paradise Lost...

.

Background

Dani Filth
Dani Filth
Dani Filth is the lyricist, vocalist and founding member of the metal band Cradle of Filth.-Personal life:...

 explained the album's title thus: "This title represents mankind's obsession with sin and self. The thorn combines images of that which troubled Christ
Christ
Christ is the English term for the Greek meaning "the anointed one". It is a translation of the Hebrew , usually transliterated into English as Messiah or Mashiach...

, the Crown of Thorns
Crown of Thorns
In Christianity, the Crown of Thorns, one of the instruments of the Passion, was woven of thorn branches and placed on Jesus Christ before his crucifixion...

, thus intimating man's seeming desire to hurt God
God
God is the English name given to a singular being in theistic and deistic religions who is either the sole deity in monotheism, or a single deity in polytheism....

 and also, of the protecting thorn and the need to enclose a secret place or the soul
Soul
A soul in certain spiritual, philosophical, and psychological traditions is the incorporeal essence of a person or living thing or object. Many philosophical and spiritual systems teach that humans have souls, and others teach that all living things and even inanimate objects have souls. The...

 from attack. An addiction
Behavioral addiction
Behavioral addiction is a form of addiction which does not rely on drugs or alcohol. Increasingly referred to as process addiction or non-substance-related addiction ) behavioral addiction includes a compulsion to repeatedly engage in an action until said action causes serious negative consequences...

 to self-punishment or something equally poisonous. A mania
Mania
Mania, the presence of which is a criterion for certain psychiatric diagnoses, is a state of abnormally elevated or irritable mood, arousal, and/ or energy levels. In a sense, it is the opposite of depression...

. Twisted desires. Barbed dreams. A fetish
Sexual fetishism
Sexual fetishism, or erotic fetishism, is the sexual arousal a person receives from a physical object, or from a specific situation. The object or situation of interest is called the fetish, the person a fetishist who has a fetish for that object/situation. Sexual fetishism may be regarded, e.g...

. An obsession with cruelty. Savage nature. Paganism
Paganism
Paganism is a blanket term, typically used to refer to non-Abrahamic, indigenous polytheistic religious traditions....

 over Christianity
Christianity
Christianity is a monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus as presented in canonical gospels and other New Testament writings...

. The title can also represent a sexual attraction
Sexual attraction
Sexual attractiveness or sex appeal refers to an individual's ability to attract the sexual or erotic interest of another person, and is a factor in sexual selection or mate choice. The attraction can be to the physical or other qualities or traits of a person, or to such qualities in the context...

 to religious iconography
Iconography
Iconography is the branch of art history which studies the identification, description, and the interpretation of the content of images. The word iconography literally means "image writing", and comes from the Greek "image" and "to write". A secondary meaning is the painting of icons in the...

 as in the case of the 'possessed' Loudun nuns
Loudun Possessions
The Loudun possessions were a group of supposed demonic possessions which took place in Loudun, France, in 1634. This case involved the Ursuline nuns of Loudun who were allegedly visited and possessed by demons: Father Urbain Grandier was convicted of the crimes of sorcery, evil spells, and the...

. I like the title because to me it invokes images of a darker, sexier pre-Raphaelite scene wherein Sleeping Beauty
Sleeping Beauty
Sleeping Beauty by Charles Perrault or Little Briar Rose by the Brothers Grimm is a classic fairytale involving a beautiful princess, enchantment, and a handsome prince...

's castle is won and she is awoken by a poisonous kiss. A darker, more adult fairytale."

Paul Allender
Paul Allender
Paul Allender is the lead guitarist of the British extreme metal band Cradle of Filth.-Early life:...

 told Terrorizer magazine, "There are quite a few guitar solos on this album. To be honest, I've never really classed myself as a lead player as such, but this is the first time I've sat down and seriously practiced lead work. I've been so involved in actually writing new material and coming up with song structures that I haven't had time to practice all the frilly things that go on top of it. Up 'till now, there hasn't really been much room for guitar solos as such. The riffs we write, they're not riffs that are meant to be soloed on top of. They're melodic within themselves. But I'm a great believer that less is definitely more. I love listening to all the shreddy
Shred guitar
Shred guitar or shredding is lead electric guitar playing that relies heavily on fast guitar solos. While some critics argue that shred guitar is associated with "... sweep-picked arpeggios, diminished and harmonic minor scales, finger-tapping and ... whammy-bar abuse", several guitar...

, widdly stuff, but I have no interest in playing it. This new album is quite guitar-orientated. The last album was, but this is definitely more melodic. Dare I say it, there are quite a lot of typical Maiden-esque harmonies in there."

In news posted on the official Cradle of Filth website in mid May 2006, it was revealed that the planned artwork for Thornography had been vetoed by Roadrunner Records
Roadrunner Records
Roadrunner Records is an American record label that concentrates primarily on heavy metal bands. It is currently a subsidiary of Warner Music Group.-History:...

. A replacement was soon forthcoming (see box), although numerous CD booklets had already been printed with the original image. Dani Filth
Dani Filth
Dani Filth is the lyricist, vocalist and founding member of the metal band Cradle of Filth.-Personal life:...

 stated in an interview with Metal Hammer
Metal Hammer
Metal Hammer is a monthly heavy metal music magazine published in the United Kingdom by Future Publishing, and in several other countries by different publishers. Metal Hammer articles feature both mainstream bands and more unusual acts from the whole spectrum of heavy metal music...

 that the controversy was over the nakedness of the female figure's legs on the original cover: "When we put the original next to the new version, it was so slightly changed... The nymph's skirt was a little longer. It was like a game of spot the difference". Charles Hedger
Charles Hedger
Charles Hedger is a guitarist who is known for his stint in the extreme metal band Cradle of Filth and his work with Imperial Vengeance.-Early life:Hedger showed musical interest from an early age...

 told Gothtronic.com that the new cover "is practically the same... A lot of Americans are really religious and Roadrunner were basically saying that Wal-Mart
Wal-Mart
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. , branded as Walmart since 2008 and Wal-Mart before then, is an American public multinational corporation that runs chains of large discount department stores and warehouse stores. The company is the world's 18th largest public corporation, according to the Forbes Global 2000...

 was not going to take Cradle albums with that on the cover. But Wal-Mart never takes Cradle albums anyhow, so it doesn’t make any difference."

Three cover versions were recorded during the album's sessions, namely Samhain
Samhain (band)
Samhain was an American rock band formed by singer Glenn Danzig in 1983, immediately following his departure from the Misfits. Samhain played in more of a deathrock and heavy metal-infused style of horror punk than Danzig's previous band. By 1987 Samhain's membership evolved into a new band,...

's "Hallowe'en 2", Shakespears Sister
Shakespears Sister
Shakespears Sister/Shakespear's Sister is a British-based synth-pop-rock band formed by Irish-born singer–songwriter Siobhan Fahey in 1988, with plaudits including a BRIT Award and Ivor Novello Award. It was Fahey's first musical outing since leaving Bananarama, and initially a solo project...

's "Stay", and Heaven 17
Heaven 17
Heaven 17 are an English synthpop band originating from Sheffield in the early 1980s. The trio comprises Martyn Ware , Ian Craig Marsh and Glenn Gregory...

's "Temptation". "Hallowe'en 2" (renamed "HW2") was released on the Underworld: Evolution
Underworld: Evolution
Underworld: Evolution is the second installment in the Underworld series, following Underworld in 2003...

 soundtrack. It is included as a bonus track on the Japanese release of the album. "Temptation" is part of Thornographys finalised track listing, and features vocals by Dirty Harry
Dirty Harry (musician)
Dirty Harry is a British rock singer, who is now based in Los Angeles, California, United States.-Early life:...

. Harry also stars in the promo video for the track, which was released a week before the album as a digital single. "Stay" surfaced in early 2008 on the Harder, Darker, Faster re-release (see below). Press releases by both Liv Kristine
Liv Kristine
Liv Kristine Espenæs Krull , better known as Liv Kristine, is the former vocalist for the band Theatre of Tragedy and current vocalist for the band Leaves' Eyes.- Career :...

 and Cradle themselves announced that "Stay" would be Kristine's second guest vocal spot with the band (following "Nymphetamine"). Adrian Erlandsson
Adrian Erlandsson
Adrian Erlandsson is a prolific Swedish heavy metal drummer, who currently plays in Brujeria, Netherbird, with his wife in Nemhain and in Yorkshire doom metal band Paradise Lost...

 later confirmed however that the duet never actually took place, although versions were recorded with both Harry and Sarah Jezebel Deva
Sarah Jezebel Deva
Sarah Jane , better known by her stage name Sarah Jezebel Deva, is a British vocalist. She was the female vocalist in Cradle of Filth for 14 years and also fronts her own band, Angtoria. In 2009, Deva started her self-titled solo project. The debut album A Sign of Sublime was released in February...

. The latter is the version included on the re-release.

Early reports during the album's production process mentioned a track called "The Flora of Nightfall, The Fauna of War". It is unknown which track this was the working title for, although the words appear as a lyric in "Cemetery and Sundown".

The album was leaked to p2p
Peer-to-peer file sharing
P2P or Peer-to-peer file sharing allows users to download files such as music, movies, and games using a P2P software client that searches for other connected computers. The "peers" are computer systems connected to each other through internet. Thus, the only requirements for a computer to join...

 and torrent internet sources a month before its official release date.

Thornography debuted at #66 on the Billboard Top 200 chart selling nearly 13,000 copies.

Press reviews

  • "...Nails the formula they've been banging away at since 1999's From the Cradle to Enslave
    From the Cradle to Enslave
    From the Cradle to Enslave is an EP by Cradle of Filth. It contains two original tracks; the title track and "Of Dark Blood and Fucking". The rest of the disc consists of two cover versions and a re-recording of a track from the album Dusk... and Her Embrace...

     EP: sharp, slick, elegant, focused, catchy, accessible heavy gothic metal
    Gothic metal
    Gothic metal or goth metal is a subgenre of heavy metal music that combines the aggression of doom metal with the dark melancholy of gothic rock. The music of gothic metal is diverse with bands known to adopt the gothic approach to different styles of heavy metal music...

    , with the dark romantic schtick still present, but reined in and more explicitly parodic..." (Chris Chantler, Terrorizer issue 150, November 2006)
  • "...The black magic for which they're usually so dependable is in short supply... If there was a word to sum Thornography up, it would be "incomplete"..." (Nick Ruskell, Kerrang!
    Kerrang!
    Kerrang! is a UK-based magazine devoted to rock music published by Bauer Media Group. It was first published on June 6, 1981 as a one-off supplement in the Sounds newspaper...

     issue 1130, October 21, 2006)
  • "...Undoubtedly their heaviest and most guitar-dominated record in many years... "Temptation" is ridiculous and best avoided..." (Dave Ling, Metal Hammer
    Metal Hammer
    Metal Hammer is a monthly heavy metal music magazine published in the United Kingdom by Future Publishing, and in several other countries by different publishers. Metal Hammer articles feature both mainstream bands and more unusual acts from the whole spectrum of heavy metal music...

     issue 159, November 2006)

Track listing

  • All lyrics by Dani Filth
  • All music except track 12 and 13 composed by Cradle of Filth
  • Track 10 composed by Paul Allender
    Paul Allender
    Paul Allender is the lead guitarist of the British extreme metal band Cradle of Filth.-Early life:...


Harder, Darker, Faster: Thornography Deluxe

  • Release Date: UK: February 4, 2008; USA: February 5, 2008

In a September 2007 interview from the band's official MySpace
MySpace
Myspace is a social networking service owned by Specific Media LLC and pop star Justin Timberlake. Myspace launched in August 2003 and is headquartered in Beverly Hills, California. In August 2011, Myspace had 33.1 million unique U.S. visitors....

 page, Dani Filth
Dani Filth
Dani Filth is the lyricist, vocalist and founding member of the metal band Cradle of Filth.-Personal life:...

 revealed details of a forthcoming Thornography special edition. Harder, Darker, Faster: Thornography Deluxe is a CD/DVD package; the original album in standard stereo format on CD and DVD, with the following additional bonus tracks (on the DVD only):

  • All lyrics by Dani Filth, except for tracks 3 and 5
  • All music by Cradle of Filth, except for tracks 3 and 5
  • Music and lyrics of track 3 by Glenn Danzig of Samhain
    Samhain (band)
    Samhain was an American rock band formed by singer Glenn Danzig in 1983, immediately following his departure from the Misfits. Samhain played in more of a deathrock and heavy metal-infused style of horror punk than Danzig's previous band. By 1987 Samhain's membership evolved into a new band,...

  • Music and lyrics of track 5 by Marcy Levy, Dave Stewart and Siobhan Stewart of Shakespears Sister
    Shakespears Sister
    Shakespears Sister/Shakespear's Sister is a British-based synth-pop-rock band formed by Irish-born singer–songwriter Siobhan Fahey in 1988, with plaudits including a BRIT Award and Ivor Novello Award. It was Fahey's first musical outing since leaving Bananarama, and initially a solo project...



Thornography Deluxe also includes the entire album in mp3
MP3
MPEG-1 or MPEG-2 Audio Layer III, more commonly referred to as MP3, is a patented digital audio encoding format using a form of lossy data compression...

 format, live footage taken from Philadelphia and Worcester
Worcester
The City of Worcester, commonly known as Worcester, , is a city and county town of Worcestershire in the West Midlands of England. Worcester is situated some southwest of Birmingham and north of Gloucester, and has an approximate population of 94,000 people. The River Severn runs through the...

, a mixing
Audio mixing (recorded music)
In audio recording, audio mixing is the process by which multiple recorded sounds are combined into one or more channels, most commonly two-channel stereo. In the process, the source signals' level, frequency content, dynamics, and panoramic position are manipulated and effects such as reverb may...

 feature for the tracks "Lovesick For Mina" and "Under Huntress Moon", and the promotional videos for "Temptation", "Tonight in Flames" and "The Foetus of a New Day Kicking". Original plans to include "Mater Lachrymarum" from the soundtrack to Dario Argento
Dario Argento
Dario Argento is an Italian film director, producer and screenwriter. He is best known for his work in the horror film genre, particularly in the subgenre known as giallo, and for his influence on modern horror and slasher movies....

's The Mother of Tears were scrapped due to rights issues.

MVI CONTENT:
  • The entire Thornography album on both the MVI DVD and the bonus CD
  • 6 bonus tracks on the MVI
  • MP3 audio files of every song
  • "Tonight In Flames" (music video)
  • "The Foetus Of A New Day Kicking" (music video)
  • "Temptation" (music video)
  • The Making Of The Video for "The Foetus Of A New Day Kicking" (behind-the-scenes video)
  • Nu-Myx computer application—create custom remixes of "Lovesick For Mina" and "Under Huntress Moon"
  • Ur-Tone computer application—create custom Cradle Of Filth ringtones
  • Song Lyrics
  • Photo Gallery
  • Computer Wallpapers
  • New original cover art
  • Digital Album Booklet (PDF) with complete liner notes and credits
  • Cradle Of Filth MVI Updates—register to gain access to bonus content


SELECTIONS:
  • Under Pregnant Skies She Comes Alive Like Miss Leviathan
  • Dirge Inferno
  • Tonight In Flames
  • Libertina Grimm
  • The Byronic Man
  • I Am The Thorn
  • Cemetery And Sundown
  • Lovesick For Mina
  • The Foetus Of A New Day Kicking
  • Rise Of The Pentagram
  • Under Huntress Moon
  • Temptation


On November 6, 2007, Dani Filth spoke about the new tracks in the magazine BW&BK:
"[they] were written during the Thornography session, but actually finished slightly later... There's "Murder in the Thirst"—that's one of our classic intros. The title was stolen from the lyrics of "Cemetery and Sundown". "The Snake-Eyed and the Venomous" is sort of an anti-critic song; it's metaphorical. "Halloween 2" (a Samhain
Samhain (band)
Samhain was an American rock band formed by singer Glenn Danzig in 1983, immediately following his departure from the Misfits. Samhain played in more of a deathrock and heavy metal-infused style of horror punk than Danzig's previous band. By 1987 Samhain's membership evolved into a new band,...

 cover) has been remixed and remastered, so it sounds a bit better than it did on the Underworld 2
Underworld: Evolution
Underworld: Evolution is the second installment in the Underworld series, following Underworld in 2003...

 soundtrack—which was the only place it was available prior to this. "Courting Baphomet" is another fable-type song in the vein of "Her Ghost in the Fog". Again, it's metaphorical. "Stay" is a track by Shakespears Sister
Shakespears Sister
Shakespears Sister/Shakespear's Sister is a British-based synth-pop-rock band formed by Irish-born singer–songwriter Siobhan Fahey in 1988, with plaudits including a BRIT Award and Ivor Novello Award. It was Fahey's first musical outing since leaving Bananarama, and initially a solo project...

 that we've bastardized. Now it sounds a bit more like a symphonic "Nymphetamine
Nymphetamine
Nymphetamine is the sixth album by English extreme metal band Cradle of Filth, released on September 28, 2004. Nymphetamine marks the first recorded appearance of guitarist James McIlroy on a Cradle of Filth album. He would later record guitar for the band's 2010 release Darkly, Darkly, Venus Aversa...

". "Devil to the Metal" is a celebration of everything dark and nasty really. It could have come off Vempire; it's really fast and brutal. It's got some really nice drop-downs and weird bits."

Personnel

  • Dani Filth
    Dani Filth
    Dani Filth is the lyricist, vocalist and founding member of the metal band Cradle of Filth.-Personal life:...

     - vocals
  • Paul Allender
    Paul Allender
    Paul Allender is the lead guitarist of the British extreme metal band Cradle of Filth.-Early life:...

     - guitar
  • Charles Hedger
    Charles Hedger
    Charles Hedger is a guitarist who is known for his stint in the extreme metal band Cradle of Filth and his work with Imperial Vengeance.-Early life:Hedger showed musical interest from an early age...

     - guitar
  • Dave Pybus
    Dave Pybus
    Dave Pybus .Pybus's first band was called Anul Death which later changed its name to Darkened.From 1990-1994 Dave worked at Peaceville Records as a graphic designer...

     - bass, backing vocals on Halloween II
  • Adrian Erlandsson
    Adrian Erlandsson
    Adrian Erlandsson is a prolific Swedish heavy metal drummer, who currently plays in Brujeria, Netherbird, with his wife in Nemhain and in Yorkshire doom metal band Paradise Lost...

     - drums
  • Doug Bradley
    Doug Bradley
    Douglas William "Doug" Bradley is an English actor best known for his roles in the Hellraiser film series.- Early life :Bradley was born in Liverpool, England...

     - narration on tracks 3 & 10
  • Sarah Jezebel Deva
    Sarah Jezebel Deva
    Sarah Jane , better known by her stage name Sarah Jezebel Deva, is a British vocalist. She was the female vocalist in Cradle of Filth for 14 years and also fronts her own band, Angtoria. In 2009, Deva started her self-titled solo project. The debut album A Sign of Sublime was released in February...

     - backing vocals
  • Mark Newby-Robson
    Mark Newby-Robson
    Mark Newby-Robson is a classical keyboard player, composer and writer from Suffolk, England.Robson has been a guest keyboardist in Suffolk-based extreme metal band Cradle of Filth whilst the band were touring in 1999, after having former keyboardist, Lecter, leave the band...

     - keyboards on original edition, keyboards on "Courting Baphomet" and "Devil to the Metal"
  • Daniel Presley - arrangement of orchestral passages, composition and arrangement of "Murder in the Thirst"
  • Christopher Jon - additional keyboards on original edition, keyboards on "The Snake-Eyed and the Venomous"
  • Chris Rehn - composition and performance of "Under Pregnant Skies She Comes Alive Like Miss Leviathan", orchestral arrangements on "Stay"
  • Tommy Rehn - additional arrangements of "Under Pregnant Skies...", orchestral arrangements on "Stay"
  • Veronica Rehn - vocals on "Under Pregnant Skies..."
  • Tony Konberg, Tommy Rehn, Chris Rehn, Hanna Tornqvist and Linnea Kibe - supporting vocals on "Under Pregnant Skies..."
  • Ville Valo
    Ville Valo
    Ville Hermanni Valo is a Finnish singer, songwriter and frontman of the Finnish rock band HIM. He has received the "Golden God" award in 2004 by the heavy metal magazine Metal Hammer. Valo has a baritone vocal range. Valo was ranked number 80 in Hit Paraders Top 100 Metal Vocalists of All Time...

     - Background vocals on "The Byronic Man"
  • Rob Caggiano - producer, drums on "Stay", backing vocals on Halloween II
  • Dan Turner - engineering
  • Aric Prentice, Keith Halliday, Charlie Jenkins, Moira Johnson, Ruth Nixon, Chris Mitchell, Rachel Line, William Harrison, Sophie Allen, Laela Adamson - choir voices
  • Laura Reid - cello
  • Martin Walkyier
    Martin Walkyier
    Martin Walkyier is an English singer who began his career with thrash metal band Sabbat in the late 1980s, releasing two albums. After leaving Sabbat in 1990 due to differences with other band members, Walkyier teamed up with guitarist Steve Ramsey to form a heavy metal band with strong folk...

     - backing vocals on "The Snake-Eyed and the Venomous"

  • Chart positions

    Year Chart Peak
    2006 UK Albums Chart
    UK Albums Chart
    The UK Albums Chart is a list of albums ranked by physical and digital sales in the United Kingdom. It is compiled every week by The Official Charts Company and broadcast on a Sunday on BBC Radio 1 , and published in Music Week magazine and on the OCC website .To qualify for the UK albums chart...

    46
    2006 Australian ARIA Chart
    ARIA Charts
    The ARIA charts are the main Australian music sales charts, issued weekly by the Australian Recording Industry Association. The charts are a record of the highest selling singles and albums in various genres in Australia. ARIA commenced compiling its own charts in-house from the week ending 26 June...

    35
    2006 Canadian Album Chart 50
    2006 German Album Chart 27
    2006 Finnish Album Chart 16
    2006 Billboard 200
    Billboard 200
    The Billboard 200 is a ranking of the 200 highest-selling music albums and EPs in the United States, published weekly by Billboard magazine. It is frequently used to convey the popularity of an artist or groups of artists...

    66
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