Thomas Graham Jackson
Encyclopedia
Sir Thomas Graham Jackson, 1st Baronet RA (21 December 1835 – 7 November 1924) was one of the most distinguished English
architect
s of his generation. He is best remembered for his work at Oxford
for Oxford Military College
as well as the University
, notably: the Examination Schools
, most of Hertford College
(including the Bridge of Sighs
over New College Lane
), much of Brasenose College
, a range at Trinity College
, and the Acland Nursing Home in North Oxford
. Much of his career was devoted to the architecture of education and he worked extensively for various schools, notably Giggleswick
and his own alma mater Brighton College
. Jackson designed the former town hall in Tipperary Town, Ireland. He also worked on many parish churches and the college chapel at the University of Wales, Lampeter
. He is also famous for designing the chapel (amongst other things) at Radley College
.
He was educated at Brighton College
and then Wadham College, Oxford
, of which he wrote a history, before being articled as a pupil to Sir George Gilbert Scott.
Jackson was a prolific author of carefully researched works in architectural history, often illustrated with sketches made during his extensive travels.
He and Norman Shaw edited "Architecture, A Profession or an Art" published in 1892, to which William H. White
replied by publishing "The Architect and his artists, an essay to assist the public in considering the question is architecture a profession or an art".
This had been part of the course of events which resulted in the passing of the Architects (Registration) Acts, 1931 to 1938
which established the statutory Register of Architects
and monopolistic
restrictions on the use of the vernacular
word "architect
", imposed with threat of penalty
on prosecution for infringement
.
A stone memorial tablet to Sir Thomas was erected in the chapel of Brighton College, part of which he had built as a First World War memorial in 1922–23. For that school's chapel he had also designed many memorials during the 1880s and 1890s. The other concentrated group of mural tablets by Jackson is to be found in the antechapel of Wadham College in Oxford.
Jackson's pupils and assistants included Evelyn Hellicar
.
Jackson was created a Baronet, of Eagle House in Wimbledon
in Surrey
, in 1913.
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
architect
Architect
An architect is a person trained in the planning, design and oversight of the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to offer or render services in connection with the design and construction of a building, or group of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the...
s of his generation. He is best remembered for his work at Oxford
Oxford
The city of Oxford is the county town of Oxfordshire, England. The city, made prominent by its medieval university, has a population of just under 165,000, with 153,900 living within the district boundary. It lies about 50 miles north-west of London. The rivers Cherwell and Thames run through...
for Oxford Military College
Oxford Military College
Oxford Military College was an all-male private boarding school and military academy in Cowley, Oxford, England, from 1876–1896. The military college opened on 7 September 1876. Prince George, Duke of Cambridge was the patron of the Oxford Military College....
as well as the University
University of Oxford
The University of Oxford is a university located in Oxford, United Kingdom. It is the second-oldest surviving university in the world and the oldest in the English-speaking world. Although its exact date of foundation is unclear, there is evidence of teaching as far back as 1096...
, notably: the Examination Schools
Examination Schools
The Examination Schools of the University of Oxford are located at 75–81 High Street, Oxford, England.The building was designed by Sir Thomas Jackson , who also designed the cricket pavilion in the University Parks...
, most of Hertford College
Hertford College, Oxford
Hertford College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England. It is located in Catte Street, directly opposite the main entrance of the original Bodleian Library. As of 2006, the college had a financial endowment of £52m. There are 612 students , plus various visiting...
(including the Bridge of Sighs
Bridge of Sighs (Oxford)
Hertford Bridge, popularly known as the Bridge of Sighs, is a skyway over New College Lane in Oxford, England.- Misnomer and myth :The bridge is often referred to as the Bridge of Sighs because of its supposed similarity to the famous Bridge of Sighs in Venice...
over New College Lane
New College Lane
New College Lane is a historic street in central Oxford, England, named after New College, one of the older Oxford colleges, adjacent to the north....
), much of Brasenose College
Brasenose College, Oxford
Brasenose College, originally Brazen Nose College , is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom. As of 2006, it has an estimated financial endowment of £98m...
, a range at Trinity College
Trinity College, Oxford
The College of the Holy and Undivided Trinity in the University of Oxford, of the foundation of Sir Thomas Pope , or Trinity College for short, is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England. It stands on Broad Street, next door to Balliol College and Blackwells bookshop,...
, and the Acland Nursing Home in North Oxford
North Oxford
North Oxford is a suburban part of the city of Oxford in England. It was owned for many centuries largely by St John's College, Oxford and many of the area's Victorian houses were initially sold on leasehold by the College....
. Much of his career was devoted to the architecture of education and he worked extensively for various schools, notably Giggleswick
Giggleswick
Giggleswick is a village and civil parish in the Craven district of North Yorkshire, England near the town of Settle. It is the site of Giggleswick School.-Origin of name:A Dictionary of British Place Names contains the entry:...
and his own alma mater Brighton College
Brighton College
Brighton College is an institution divided between a Senior School known simply as Brighton College, the Prep School and the Pre-Prep School. All of these schools are co-educational independent schools in Brighton, England, sited immediately next to each another. The Senior School caters for...
. Jackson designed the former town hall in Tipperary Town, Ireland. He also worked on many parish churches and the college chapel at the University of Wales, Lampeter
University of Wales, Lampeter
University of Wales, Lampeter is a university in Lampeter, Wales. Founded in 1822 by royal charter, it is the oldest degree awarding institution in Wales and may be the third oldest in England and Wales after Oxford and Cambridge...
. He is also famous for designing the chapel (amongst other things) at Radley College
Radley College
Radley College , founded in 1847, is a British independent school for boys on the edge of the English village of Radley, near to the market town of Abingdon in Oxfordshire, and has become a well-established boarding school...
.
Brighton College
Brighton College is an institution divided between a Senior School known simply as Brighton College, the Prep School and the Pre-Prep School. All of these schools are co-educational independent schools in Brighton, England, sited immediately next to each another. The Senior School caters for...
and then Wadham College, Oxford
Wadham College, Oxford
Wadham College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom, located at the southern end of Parks Road in central Oxford. It was founded by Nicholas and Dorothy Wadham, wealthy Somerset landowners, during the reign of King James I...
, of which he wrote a history, before being articled as a pupil to Sir George Gilbert Scott.
Jackson was a prolific author of carefully researched works in architectural history, often illustrated with sketches made during his extensive travels.
He and Norman Shaw edited "Architecture, A Profession or an Art" published in 1892, to which William H. White
William H. White
William H. White was a British architect. In 1892, he published "The Architect and his artists, an essay to assist the public in considering the question is architecture a profession or an art" in reply to "Architecture, a Profession or an Art" edited by Norman Shaw and T. G...
replied by publishing "The Architect and his artists, an essay to assist the public in considering the question is architecture a profession or an art".
This had been part of the course of events which resulted in the passing of the Architects (Registration) Acts, 1931 to 1938
Architects (Registration) Acts, 1931 to 1938
The Architects Acts, 1931 to 1938 is the statutory citation for three Acts of the United Kingdom Parliament, namely:* The Architects Act, 1931;* The Architects Act, 1934; and...
which established the statutory Register of Architects
Architects Registration in the United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, the Architects Act 1997 imposes restrictions on the use of the name, style or title "architect" in connection with a business or a professional practice, and for that purpose requires a statutory Register of Architects to be maintained...
and monopolistic
Monopoly
A monopoly exists when a specific person or enterprise is the only supplier of a particular commodity...
restrictions on the use of the vernacular
Vernacular
A vernacular is the native language or native dialect of a specific population, as opposed to a language of wider communication that is not native to the population, such as a national language or lingua franca.- Etymology :The term is not a recent one...
word "architect
Architect
An architect is a person trained in the planning, design and oversight of the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to offer or render services in connection with the design and construction of a building, or group of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the...
", imposed with threat of penalty
Sentence (law)
In law, a sentence forms the final explicit act of a judge-ruled process, and also the symbolic principal act connected to his function. The sentence can generally involve a decree of imprisonment, a fine and/or other punishments against a defendant convicted of a crime...
on prosecution for infringement
Infringement
Infringement, when used alone, has several possible meanings in the English language.In a legal context, an infringement refers to the violation of a law or a right. This includes intellectual property infringements such as:*Copyright infringement...
.
A stone memorial tablet to Sir Thomas was erected in the chapel of Brighton College, part of which he had built as a First World War memorial in 1922–23. For that school's chapel he had also designed many memorials during the 1880s and 1890s. The other concentrated group of mural tablets by Jackson is to be found in the antechapel of Wadham College in Oxford.
Jackson's pupils and assistants included Evelyn Hellicar
Evelyn Hellicar
Evelyn Hellicar was an English architect.Evelyn Arthur Gresley Hellicar was the son of Arthur Gresley Hellicar and Mary Ann Isabella Malthus . Arthur Hellicar came from the South West of England where his father was Vicar of Fivehead, Somerset, and Swell, Gloucestershire...
.
Jackson was created a Baronet, of Eagle House in Wimbledon
Wimbledon, London
Wimbledon is a district in the south west area of London, England, located south of Wandsworth, and east of Kingston upon Thames. It is situated within Greater London. It is home to the Wimbledon Tennis Championships and New Wimbledon Theatre, and contains Wimbledon Common, one of the largest areas...
in Surrey
Surrey
Surrey is a county in the South East of England and is one of the Home Counties. The county borders Greater London, Kent, East Sussex, West Sussex, Hampshire and Berkshire. The historic county town is Guildford. Surrey County Council sits at Kingston upon Thames, although this has been part of...
, in 1913.